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Entre la «viuda ideal» y la «viuda real»

The topic of the widow in literature and in the Peruvian press of the nineteenth century has not been the subject of study, although it is of great importance to understand the historical development of female representations. For this reason, the present research has the purpose of approaching the construction of the figure of widows in a publication of the Cuzco newspaper El Recreo (1876-1877). It is intended to demonstrate that the article «La viuda» (1876) by Ramón Matto is linked to the Judeo-Christian and Spanish tradition that criticizes widows' remarriage and, in this way, perpetuates a stereotypical view of this female group.

“Aves de toda especie”: representaciones sociales de la homosexualidad en la prensa en Antioquia, Colombia, 1960-2000

Objective/Context: This article explores, from the perspective of cultural history, the social representations produced by the press about homosexuality in Antioquia (Colombia) during the second half of the twentieth century. In doing so, it aims to approach the figure of the sexual monster, the ridiculous homosexual, the infectious “faggot”, the individual explainable by science, and the subject who conquers its citizenship and disputes its rights. Methodology: The discourses and representations of homosexuality in the newspapers Sucesos Sensacionales, El Colombiano and the radio newspaper El Clarín were identified; an interpretative matrix was constructed by cross-referencing cultural elements of the context with journalistic representations. Originality: The period 1960-2000 corresponds to an unexplored period on the subject. Its revision is articulated with the observation of previous and parallel representations of the processes of homosexual liberation and the conquest of rights: the decades of 1960-1970, the emergence of hiv/aids in 1980, and the appearance of a series of social organizations around the anti-aids struggle in the 1990s accompanied by the juridical-political path traced by social movements. Conclusion: During this period, a homosexual subject emerges who, in addition to being outlined by the media, begins to postulate an image of himself that tensions the field of representations. Despite pointing to changes associated with freedoms and rights, the novelties in the press - influenced by international and local contexts and contested by everyday practices that claimed sex/gender dissidence - also pose a conservative counter-response that reinstates old ghosts and prejudices. Thus, this is not a linear and progressive history that moves from darkness to light, that is, from a dark past of violence and denial to the conquest of rights, but reflects diverse continuities and simultaneities in the representation of homosexuality.

From Scientific Journals to Newspapers in Spain: Interest in Disinformation (2000–2023)

As disinformation has become a topic of conversation in the media in recent years, the theory of agenda setting is once again making its presence known. The aim of this research is to verify the degree of interest in disinformation by the media (mainstream press) and in academic writing (scientific communication journals) according to frequency and whether or not such disinformation can be observed in the field of science. The primary research has been carried out through quantitative content analysis of three Spanish newspapers (El País, Abc, El Mundo) and 32 Spanish scientific communication journals included in the SJR-SCImago Journal Rank database from the year 2000 to 2023. The results were 732 units of analysis. From those, it can be concluded that once again, the pandemic represents a before and after. Firstly, a general increase in disinformation has been observed, as well as a corresponding rise in false information in certain fields of science, especially that of health. Secondly, a gradual increase in public interest in disinformation has also been detected, which indicates that the issue is on the agenda of both the media and citizens.

Against Latin American Regionalisms: The 1927 Brussels Congress and the Anti-Imperialist League of the Americas

AbstractThis article examines the encounter of activists from the Anti-Imperialist League of the Americas (LADLA) with African, African American, and Asian anticolonial intellectuals through the League Against Imperialism (LAI), founded at the 1927 Brussels Congress. Drawing from LADLA’s newspaper El Libertador, letters from LADLA leaders, and speeches and resolutions in the LAI archive, it studies how exchanges begun in Brussels influenced debates in radical circles in the Americas. The article builds on extant scholarship and makes two primary interventions. First, it argues that a closer look at LADLA’s participation in the LAI shifts the traditional understanding of interwar Latin American regionalist ideologies, which LADLA rejected in favor of drawing connections to anti-imperialist movements around the world. Second, it argues that the exchange in Brussels influenced LADLA to eventually expand its initial focus on Indigenous struggles to think more critically about Black communities, including Black migrant labor, in political organizing.

The Reception of Holocaust (1978) in Spain: Commending and Condemning Holocaust Memory

ABSTRACT When Holocaust reached Spaniards’ TV sets in 1979, the extermination of the Jews of Europe was an event marginally known and scarcely discussed by the Spanish people. The miniseries was a form of Holocaust representation that for the first time was fully embraced by political and TV authorities in Spain. Consequently, the Holocaust emerged from behind the censorship and silencing typical of Francoist dictatorship and became a topic of discussion in the public sphere. The public TV station Televisión Española (TVE) hosted two debates featuring historians and intellectuals that focused on the miniseries and also on various aspects of Nazism, the Holocaust, and the uses of Holocaust memory in the contemporary world. Similarly, the national newspapers El País and ABC offered broad coverage of the release of Holocaust and the polemics surrounding it. This intellectual discussion and journalistic attention to Holocaust took place against a backdrop of political transition from a dictatorial regime to a parliamentary democracy, conflicting interests in foreign policy in relation to the Middle East and the West, and meager acknowledgment of Spain’s role during WWII and long history of antisemitism. Grounded on cultural memory as a suitable approach to understand the potential of popular culture in affecting historical interpretation, the article argues that the public presentation of Holocaust simultaneously commended and condemned Holocaust memory or, more precisely, condemned a perceived hegemonic Jewish reading of the Holocaust and commended an interpretation of that event particularly useful to the Spanish political elites of the time.

Los diarios españoles en el Universo Meta: estudio de su situación actual y propuesta de estrategia en Threads

The digital ecosystem has transformed communication from one-way to horizontal, allowing consumers to actively participate in the dissemination and creation of news. Digital platforms, especially social media, have changed society, forcing journalists to adapt to new ways of working. In this context, Meta's Threads platform, launched in Spain in December 2023, seeks to be an alternative to X. In Spain, the main national newspapers have started to use it, but with less frequency and engagement compared to Facebook and Instagram. The newspapers El País and La Vanguardia use Threads' resources, such as Threads and emoticons, but in general, the platform is not perceived as essential for extending the reach of news, so a communication model is proposed that increases the notoriety of the medium and its information and promotes conversation and audience loyalty.

"If you are a woman, read this, it's good for you": the advertising of medicines targeted at mothers in the Colombian press, 1903-1945

This article analyses the advertising of patent medicine directed at mothers, which circulated in newspapers between 1903 and 1945. It demonstrates that these advertisings played an important role in shaping women as a consumer demographic, promoting a scientific approach to motherhood intertwined with health challenges. The methodology employed included the analysis of advertisements in the newspapers El Tiempo, La Prensa, Rigoletto, El Faro and Evolución. Additionally, it examines the historiography of the subject in Colombia and other latitudes. The conclusion of this study asserts that motherhood was a significant target for pharmaceutical industries, leading to a commercial concept of motherhood.

Increasing political polarization with disinformation: A comparative analysis of the European quality press

Political polarization and information disorders are not new phenomena on the media agenda, but they have acquired considerable prominence in the wake of international events such as the election of Donald Trump. The present article seeks to help in understanding the interrelation of these concepts –disinformation and polarization– in the European quality press in recent years. Six newspapers (El Mundo, El País, Le Figaro, Le Monde, The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian) from three countries were selected on the basis of their quality, audience and representative character of their editorial lines between 2017 and late 2022, and a qualitative and quantitative frame analysis (n = 286) was carried out. Having observed all the definitions of polarization in the press, it was seen that party political alignment has the greatest presence in the international scenario, coming before the division of public opinion. In the sample, Spain has a prominent position, claiming to be a polarized pluralist country, as opposed to United Kingdom, which closely observes what happens in the United States, or France, where these phenomena have achieved less penetration. The conclusion is that political polarization is presented as a chronic problem caused by political actors who are not going to cease doing so, as opposed to information disorders, which are produced by certain specific international actors, such as Vladimir Putin, Donald Trump, and Jair Bolsonaro, who take advantage of communication flows on social media and the latter’s lack of regulation. This article suggests that the way to resolve or at least alleviate the problem is by defending quality information and public media, emphasizing citizen responsibility in the face of social media.

Envisioning Empire from Inside the United States: Exile, Constitutional Monarchism, and Ethnic Conflict in Post-Independence Mexico

AbstractThis article examines Tiburcio Campe's newspaper El Español, a brief yet concerted effort by exiled Spanish liberals in New Orleans that drew on the Cádiz constitutional experiment to demand the return of imperial rule in Mexico in the late 1820s. Exiled from Mexico as a consequence of the expulsion laws against Spaniards (españoles), Campe used his newspaper to criticize republican exclusionary policies and to militate against a possible expansion of abolitionism, ethnic conflict, and anti-white proposals in the Caribbean, promoting imperial constitutionalism as the only guarantor of the coexistence of Spaniards and Americanos and racial hierarchies in the Americas. Discussions regarding political and racial equality in Mexico and the United States, and the community's experience of exile in New Orleans, shaped these ideas, revealing how the banishment of Campe and other Spanish liberals renewed their advocacy of empire. Moreover, their exile in the United States facilitated their participation in the transatlantic public sphere and the circulation of their work, illustrating how the United States became a platform for envisioning and propagating imperial endeavors. Thus a study of El Español and Tiburcio Campe's actions allows us to comprehend the intricacies between exile and pro-monarchical discourses, as well as the nature of political and racial equality in the post-independence Americas.

Gabriel García Márquez's Lost cumbiambas : Distant Listening and Instrumental Creativity in GGM's Literary Archive

Abstract: Boleros, guarachas, and other popular music rhythms resonate across Gabriel García Márquez's work. Despite this, only a few mentions of cumbias appear in his novels, letters, short stories, and other writing. The present study analyzes the changes in Gabo's capacity to listen to cumbias and cumbiambas in his work across time. I show that, in early work, cumbia appears as an event incapable of producing semiosis, and Gabo is unable to fully listen to it. This inability gradually shifts, however, towards a listening for cumbia as sameness when reproduction technologies like film and vinyl make Caribbean music widely available and desirable. Analyzing GGM's columns for the newspaper El Universal (1948) and personal correspondence about the documentary Un carnaval para toda la vida (1961), I read Gabo's shifting attention to cumbia as a result of what I call "distant listening," a listening practice and positionality in which the authorial I perceives certain sound events as alien, thus preventing sound from entering the literary archive. Cumbia elicits GGM's attention when Caribbean music becomes available in reproducible media such as film and vinyl. Cumbias on vinyl help him produce what I call a "reproducible authentic," associated with a letrado listening positionality that listens for generic features in cumbia. That is, a cumbia that represents an authentic cultural manifestation using reproducible media such as vinyl records and film while maintaining the properties of a non-semiotic event.

Англицизмы тематической группы «Мода» в испанском медийном дискурсе

The aim of the research is to identify the main cases of the functioning of Anglicisms in the thematic group “Fashion” in the Spanish media discourse. The research is carried out involving extensive modern material, namely the material of the electronic versions of the newspapers El País, El Mundo and ABC over the past five years (2018-2023). The scientific novelty of the work lies in conducting a comprehensive study of the Anglicisms belonging to the thematic sphere “Fashion” functioning in the Spanish media discourse. It is the first time that the use of the Anglicisms of the Spanish media discourse at all significant language levels (spelling, lexis and grammar) in modern Spanish print media has been analysed and a comparative analysis of the linguistic features of Anglicisms in three leading print media has been carried out, which served as the basis for their classification. The research findings showed that the Anglicisms of this thematic group are mainly borrowed directly from English, without changing their English graphics and maintaining pronunciation close to the norms of the original English language. Most of the borrowings are nouns that are embedded in the Spanish language system by obtaining the gender category (uncharacteristic of the English language).

Transitional justice and the media: a case study on the special jurisdiction for peace and the press in Colombia

Transitional justice applicable to the transition from dictatorships to democracies and from states of war to states of peace, supposes a very wide field of study, application and varied developments according to the transition scenarios. Its implementation under conditions of permanence of internal armed conflict and social and political cleavage, has led to divisions for or against it and for or against the armed actors in dispute in Colombia. These cleavages have been transferred to the media in the form of ideological positions, which construct truths that may or may not favor transitional justice. This article deals with transitional justice as a theoretical and political perspective, synthesizes the origin, development and characteristics of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace, JEP in Colombia and presents the results of an investigation that seeks to identify the existence or not of a differential treatment by of the newspapers El Tiempo and El Espectador on the Transitional Justice Law in the case of the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (2017), JEP applied to the FARC-EP guerrilla group in the framework of the Havana peace process signed in the year 2016.

Procesos para la rendición de cuentas en la Facultad de Medicina

The accountability of the Faculty or School of Medicine is the legal obligation related to the information that the management team must make available to the academic community of the institution and society in general, regarding the management of resources and the assurance of the quality of processes and result in learning and academic productivity, in such a way that transparency standards are met. Based on the above, and through the Secretary of Planning and Institutional Development (SPDI), mechanisms for accountability are designed, implemented, and evaluated. The following accountability processes and mechanisms are carried out: Self-evaluation process for the Accreditation of the Bachelor’s Degree in Medicine and Surgery before the Mexican Council for the Accreditation of Medical Education (COMAEM A.C.); Reporting and participation in the publication of rankings (newspapers El Universal and Reforma); Annual Report of the Faculty of Medicine; Four-year Activities Report of the Scholl of Medicine; Matrix of Results Indicators (MIR); UNAM Memory. The School has the responsibility to be a reference both nationally and internationally and is committed to its pioneering role by disseminating this type of actions, as it encourages other higher education institutions to adopt accountability processes that they consider most suitable to their context. Keywords: Accountability; transparency; medical education; accreditation; UNAM.

A critical discourse study of the representation of immigrant women in a sample of the Spanish press: between victimization and prostitution

This paper analyses the main characteristics of the representation of immigrant women as social actors in a sample from the Spanish press. The data consist of all the news items published on immigrant women in the digital editions of the Spanish newspapers El País, ABC and El Mundo from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2022. Van Leeuwen’s (2008) social actors’ theory will show how immigrant women are portrayed linguistically in the corpus by analysing the main categories observed in the news items analysed: assimilation, role allocation, identification and functionalization. Moreover, corpus linguistics (CL) will be a powerful complementary tool to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) because it allows observation of the main patterns and collocations in discourse. The findings indicate that women are not very visible in the corpus and that they are mainly associated with prostitution and low-paid work. Thus, their representation is associated with victimization and vulnerability.

Movidas after Nationalism: Enriqueta Longeaux y Vasquez and Chicana Aesthetics

ABSTRACT This essay traces the Chicana feminist rhetoric of prominent activist Enriqueta Longeaux y Vasquez in the late 1960s. I argue that Longeaux y Vasquez’s Chicana movida(s), the enactment of feminist sensibilities amid gendered repression, erupted the exclusive boundaries of Chican@ nationalism birthed during the 1969 Denver Youth Liberation Conference. Her rhetoric generated an expansive inclusivity that resonated, although it did not necessarily align, with Chicana movidas emerging in the 1970s and 1980s. An analysis of the aesthetics of her feminist rhetoric in the Chican@ movement newspaper El Grito del Norte highlights at once the rhetorical inventiveness of a Chicana activist grappling with the inclusion of Mexican American women in Chican@ movement(s) and variations in Chicana movidas constituting Chicana rhetorical history. In Longeaux y Vasquez’s feminist rhetoric, we witness a Chicana movida that invented inclusion from the premises of exclusion marking Chican@ nationalism.

A critical-discourse study of the representation of unaccompanied foreign minors in a sample of the Spanish press

The arrival of unaccompanied foreign minors (UFM) to Spain has increased in the last decades. The objective of this article is to study the discursive representation of UFM in a sample of the Spanish press to deepen the understanding of how they are portrayed The data consist of a corpus of all the news items on UFM published in the digital editions of the newspapers El País, ABC and El Mundo from January 1st 2012 to January 1st 2022. The methodology is mixed, i.e. quantitative data will be obtained using the software Antconc for concordance analysis and cluster lists. Thus, a corpus-linguistic analysis is made to observe the main linguistic patterns associated with UFM. Moreover, qualitative data will be offered by using the discursive model of social actors proposed by Van Leeuwen (2008). This model will be used to delve into the main categories employed by the Spanish press to refer to UFM, for this purpose, patterns of assimilation vs individualization and role allocation and identification are described. The study reveals that UFM are mainly associated with criminalization and exclusion. Thus, their representation is associated with social problems.

Las palabras clave se agitan con el viento: explorando la dinámica de uso de descriptores temáticos en El País para las noticias sobre “amnistía” durante 25 años

This work is a preliminary exploration into how the use of keywords related to "amnesty" in the newspaper El País has evolved over 25 years. Instead of utilizing the full text in natural language, it begins with the thematic indexing of news provided by the media itself in the form of keywords assigned from its controlled vocabulary. A conventional exploration of the data raises numerous questions about the interest of controlled languages in journalistic documentation and how they can serve as data for research in digital humanities and information science, offering a new perspective on the construction of meanings and the analysis of the change in use and sense of terms.

«Святой Павел большевизма»: к вопросу о восприятии С.А. Есенина иноязычной прессой США 1920-х гг.

The article provides an overview of publications dedicated to S.A. Esenin, in Spanish, Czech, Slovenian and Finnish, proving the interest in the poet by the audience of various diasporas that settled in America at different times. The materials identified by the author in the American newspapers La Prensa, La Opinión, El Imparcial (Puerto Rico), Toveritar, Svět, Telegraf and Glas svobode are introduced into scientific circulation. The changes made when borrowing publications from European publications are considered. The comparison of the work of E. Izvolskaya “Bolshevik poets-mystics” and the article “Bolshevik poetry” by M. de Marcos, in which Esenin is called “the furious Saint Paul of Bolshevism”, gives reason to talk about an individual creative approach to the translation and republishing of the material. Based on the study of the identified articles, new information about Esenin's entourage is revealed, previously unknown information is given about Esenin's communication with the Latvian journalist A. Toupin. While publications in the newspapers Toveritar, Svět, Telegraf, Glas svobode, concerning his personal life and more devoted to Isadora Duncan, only prove the presence of the Esenin theme in the sphere of interests of the Finnish, Slovenian and Czech diasporas, the analysis of materials in Spanish allows us to conclude that there is a certain trend in the perception of Esenin's personal and creative biography in the context of the social and cultural life of the Spanish-speaking audience on the American continent. Discovered articles for 1921–1922 allow us to talk about the lifetime reception of the poet's work, in which the mythical image of the poet was already laid, for whom Bolshevism became a religion. Having first appeared on the pages of newspapers in the form of a preacher of the new system, Esenin subsequently, together with Meyerhold and Mayakovsky, appears as its victim.

Cómo curan contenido los medios en Instagram. Taxonomía y ejemplos

Examples of how press and television media curate content on Instagram are presented based on a taxonomy that analyzes: Quantity of curated content; Time range; Origin; Curation techniques; and Integration of curated content. The media analyzed are the newspapers ABC, El Español, El Mundo and El País and the television channels Antena 3, RTVE, Telecinco and TV3.

КОНЦЕПТ GUERRAВ ІСПАНОМОВНОМУ ІНТЕРНЕТ-ДИСКУРСІ

The article is devoted to the study of lexical means through which the concepts are verbalized. The author gives a definition of such terms as “concept” and “conceptual sphere” with an emphasis on their complex structure providing those that are most relevant in the research. It was determined that the lexical and semantic as well as nominative fields of concepts are in the constant process of expansion, which is facilitated by the Internet discourse. The last mentioned is characterized by immediate transmission of current events, thus it enables the verbalization of concepts which are of considerable interest to the members of the community in a certain period of time. It was shown that in mass media discourse new concepts are constantly appearing, but also the existing ones are acquiring new meanings and connotations. Proceeding from the fact that the language can serve to create manipulative, untrue and propaganda information, it was determined that the study of the concept “war” is particularly relevant. The article considers the lexical means, by which the actualization of the concept GUERRA takes place in mass-media discourse, which include the lexeme “guerra” itself and its use with attributive adjectives as well as the synonyms of the lexeme “guerra”. The both above mentioned are also used with the verbs that have different semantic features. Personal contribution made by the author: in the process of researching the lexical means of realization of the concept GUERRA in the texts of Spanish online newspaper El Español the frame structure was created. The frame illustrates the actualization of the concept and highlights the connection of the concept GUERRA with the concept CRIMEN.