Newspaper Research Articles

Multimodal meaning making in news communication about immigration: using the NewsScape corpus to explore co-verbal images in TV news

The communication of news relies on semiotic resources besides language, including various audiovisual modes of representation. Owing to the difficulties associated with obtaining televisual data, the vast majority of research addressing multimodality in the news has been targeted at print news media, where various strategies in visual representation and patterns of interaction between verbal and visual modes have been discerned. Where televisual data has been interrogated, this has been based on a very limited number of data points. In this study, I exploit the NewsScape library – a massive multimodal corpus of news communication – to investigate multimodal representations of immigration in television news. Accessible via CQPWeb, the corpus is searched for target utterances refugees/(im)migrants have VERBed and refugees/(im)migrants are VERBing. The co-verbal images accompanying 474 utterances describing motion events are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Among the results discussed are that refugees/migrants are depicted in large rather than small groups, that they are depicted in transit somewhere along the migratory journey rather than in countries of origin or destination countries, that they are depicted on land more than at sea, that they are depicted in security contexts, and that they are erased represented instead through abstract forms such as maps. Differences in the visual representation of people designated as ‘refugee’ versus ‘migrant’ are also observed and discussed.

Demonetization and its effects on Indian economy

Indian government has taken a bold decision on note ban on 08/11/2016. Central government was a judicious, well-thought out and well-implemented step, and whether it would really eradicate all the existing black money. Here I have utilized the opinions of great expert on economics, financial economist and intellectual politicians. This study will help us to know about the positive and negative impact of note ban decision taken by Indian government. This study is purely based on secondary data, which is collected from news papers, magazines, websites from internet, some useful books related to topic etc. This paper entails the problems related to pre and post demonetization period and thereby to find out solutions and to provide suggestions in order to overcome the problem. Demonetization is the process of withdrawal of a particular form of currency from circulation. The purpose of the study is to compare and analyse the impact of demonetization on Indian economy during pre and post period. The older denominations must be replaced with the new ones. The findings of the study reveal that India will achieve a significant growth by adopting the demonetization strategy and will create a huge positive impact on the entire economy in a long run. This paper also shows that it was quick step taken by the government of India without any measures which people had to face a lot of consequences in standing in the long queues to exchange their older denominations.

Attitude and knowledge of Medical Negligence among General Population attended Out Patient Department at Civil Hospital associated B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Negligence is defined as doing something which reasonably competent people not suppose to do or not doing something which reasonably competent persons suppose to do. Present cross sectional study was undertaken with aim to assess knowledge and awareness of general population visiting Out Patient Departments (OPD) of Civil Hospital associated B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad towards medical negligence and legal proceeding regarding medical negligence. Total 350 people from general population were subjected to pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire related to medical negligence after obtaining their informed written consent. Questionnaire contain 16 questions related to medical negligence and legal proceeding regarding medical negligence with responses based on Likert’s scale varied from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Responses obtained were tabulated in MS Excel sheet and analyzed via SPSS software. Out of 350 participants, 32.8% were between 31-40 years age group, 64% were male. Total 54% were agreed upon that failure to maintain a medical record by hospital is negligence. 65% were agreed that doctor can be liable for negligence. 67% were agreed upon that performing operation without informed written consent is negligence. 30% were agreed upon that treating a patient without his consent is negligence. 81% were strongly agreed upon that carelessly leaving an instrument in patient’s body after operation is negligence. 49% were strongly agreed upon that refusing to attend patient in emergency is negligence. 57% were strongly agreed upon that death due to negligence is punishable by court. 44% were agreed upon that compensation for negligence can be claimed in consumer court. 53% were agreed about that wrong diagnosis followed by wrong treatment is considered as negligence. 50.5% of participants were agreed upon that postmortem is necessary in case of death due to medical negligence, while 34.8% were disagreed. All participants believed and agreed upon that threaten or attack on a doctor is punishable in court even if doctor is truly negligent. Present study reflected that general population has quite a good knowledge regarding medical negligence which may increase gradually over a period of time due to news papers, internet and other resources but less knowledge about legal proceedings regarding medical negligence. Training programs should be conducted for them to bring true knowledge and awareness regarding medical negligence which indeed helps to them as well as medical professionals.

“Blurring the main story”: news in the work of Ciaran Carson

ABSTRACT This article explores Ciaran Carson’s engagement with print and television news media. While critics have emphasised the news’s importance to Breaking News (2003), this article argues that the collection extends the journalistic concerns of Carson’s earlier work. By analysing coverage of the Northern Ireland conflict and drawing on the Carson archives at Emory, University, Atlanta, it shows that Carson’s responses to the news remain interested in the “blurring” of different reports, images, and narratives. In critiquing “objectivity” as a journalistic value, Carson’s work explores the tendency of news stories to shift and change, suggesting that no account can offer more than “the half of it.” Alongside this, the article explores how Carson’s senses of place and event respond to media saturation. Life in Belfast during the Troubles, his work realises, is often itself a “blur” of different stories, with even the most ordinary experiences coloured by the consumption of news.

When assisted reproductive technology (ART) opens the door for inclusivity in a highly charged cultural milieu: an exploration of news articles on the establishment of ART clinics in Zimbabwe

The study focuses on how infertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been portrayed in the Zimbabwean print news media, specifically looking at articles related to the country’s two private fertility clinics established in 2016 and 2017 respectively. Through thematic analysis of 35 news articles, seven prominent themes were developed: infertility as an undesirable and stigmatised condition; stress and the feminisation of infertility; the impact of societal and familial pressure to have children; ART as a ray of hope for infertile couples; growing acceptance of ART; availability, accessibility and affordability of ART; and the use of alternative medicines to cure infertility. The research highlights the coexistence of traditional medicine and ART in Zimbabwe, as well as the impact of stigma, pressure, and gender dynamics on infertile couples. Study findings signal how costly ART treatments may drive individuals towards potentially harmful traditional remedies. They also underscore the need for increased awareness of infertility, efforts to reduce stigma, and addressing barriers to ART access, particularly for men. Overall, findings shed light on the complexities surrounding infertility in Zimbabwe and the importance of addressing these issues in pursuit of better reproductive healthcare outcomes.

The Gendered Construction of the Japanese Language-Learning Boom in Postcolonial Korea

ABSTRACT This article analyses the print news media’s gendered representation of Japanese language-learners in postcolonial Korea. It focuses on why young women, notably yŏdaesaeng (female college students) and kisaeng (sex workers in the tourism or entertainment industry), were identified as the main learners of Japanese. I argue that male media elites could not respond to the growing demand for learning the Japanese language in terms of the anti-Japanese nationalistic framework, which equated Korean nationalism to anti-Japanese sentiment. Instead, they attributed postcolonial Korea’s failure to create and sustain a monolingual state to female subjects’ sentimental, sexually promiscuous desire to learn Japanese. Throughout the article, I argue that public commentaries by male intellectuals on Korean women’s Japanese language-learning, which were widely circulated in the media, reinscribed language ideologies of women and bilingualism. This perpetuated patriarchal gender relations, as male nationalists sought to manage tensions arising from Japan’s continued economic and cultural influence, despite the ‘official’ normalisation of relations between Korea and the former colonial power.

A Comparative Study on the Effect of News Paper and Television on Creating Social Awareness among the Students

‘A comparative study on the effect of Newspaper and Television on creating social awareness among the students with particular reference to C.K.B College Teok.’ News paper and television are two significant mass media of social awareness. Previously News papers played greater role but gradually its influences has been declined as the spread of Television services. Television has got greater popularity among the youths because it provides updated information about social phenomenon. In spite of such popularity of Television, role of news paper cannot be under estimated. News paper, for many people, is something basic requirement like morning’s cup of tea. A habitual reader of news paper eagerly waits for the paper to come. Both the media i.e. news paper and T.V have different tastes and for this nothing can be said so easily which out of these two has more significant contribution towards creation of social awareness. In this paper the researcher is trying to analyze the relative importance of newspaper and television on creation of social awareness statistically. For these two sampled groups of 20 students each representing habitual newspaper reader and television watcher has been selected. The awareness has been measured by questionnaire developed by the investigator himself.

Media Representations of Homelessness in Three Mid-Sized Canadian Cities: Integrative Review and Comparative Analysis

The media play a pivotal role in framing narratives about complex social issues like homelessness. This study conducts a comparative analysis to evaluate how homelessness is portrayed within print and social media in three Canadian mid-sized cities. We explore similarities and differences between news print media and Facebook conversations on the broad topic of homelessness with respect to temporal distributions of discussions about homelessness, conversations about encampments, the diversity of voices included in social and print media reports, and the use of stereotypical and stigmatizing discourse about homelessness. Our study reveals seasonal variations in discussions about homelessness within traditional media, while social media maintains a more consistent conversation throughout the year. In both media types, however, the discussions about encampments are frequently intertwined with themes of crime and addiction. Moreover, we observe greater inclusion of voices from individuals with lived experience in print media. We find that discussions within both platforms echo common myths associated with homelessness, perpetuating negative conceptions in the broader community. In light of our findings, we advocate for greater editorial oversight on how discussions about homelessness are framed in print media, technological advancements to control negative conversations on social media platforms and encourage the inclusion of voices from those with lived experience. Our research contributes to an underexplored area, as we illuminate the mechanisms of discourse that shape public perceptions and attitudes about homelessness in both print and social media.

Family, politics and media

Abstract In this paper, we utilise the Nineteenth Century Newspaper Corpus to examine reporting surrounding William Gladstone’s Midlothian campaign, a key point in the democratization of British politics where a politician not only communicated with ordinary people through hustings but indirectly to a wider electorate via media reporting of those hustings. With the use of social actor analysis (van Leeuwen 2008), approached through collocation, we find that a distinctive feature of media reporting was a focus on Gladstone’s family. This surprising intersection of family and electioneering reveals a powerful hierarchy of social relationships in terms of gender and seniority, which became an effective propaganda strategy as Gladstone, enabled by Liberal-supporting newspapers, utilised his family as a political tool.

THE IMPACT OF THE PRINT MEDIA ON VOTER BEHAVIOUR

Print media has long been recognised as a significant influencer of voter behaviour, shaping public opinion through news coverage, editorials and investigative journalism, this paper examines the role of print media in democratic societies, exploring how news papers and magazines impact voter decisions during electoral cycles. The print media not only provides news but also offers interpretations by intellectuals.The print media publish deep analysis of various topics by intellectuals who possess profound knowledge of particular subjects. Through such articles and publications, people gain insights that can influence their thoughts to either support or oppose the government. Through selective reporting and editorial stances, print media can influence voter perceptions and priorities. overall, while the influence of print media has evolved, its role in shaping voter behaviour through information dissemination, agenda setting and opinion formation remains substantial.

Solid Mass And Plain Exterior: The Ecclesiastical Architecture Of William Wardell In Victoria

ABSTRACT William Wilkinson Wardell was one of the most important architects of colonial Australia. A Catholic convert who had already extensive experience in working for the Catholic Church in England, Wardell relocated to Melbourne in 1858 with a large number of architectural drawings for ecclesiastical structures proving he was a distinguished Gothic revivalist. In Victoria, he established an extraordinary partnership with the first Catholic Bishop of Melbourne, James Goold, and despite being busily engaged at the Public Works Department, for over ten years he also maintained a successful private practice working on more than a dozen church commissions in the Gothic Revival style. Drawing on archival research including surviving architectural drawings, diocesan correspondence, and nineteenth century newspapers, the article reveals Wardell’s ability in blending English, Irish and French medieval Gothic elements that appealed to the local congregations for his Australian church designs. Furthermore, it demonstrates that his substantial parish churches manifested the strength and permanence of Catholic religious tradition, ultimately helping Bishop James Goold to lay strong foundations in the establishment of the Catholic Church in Victoria.

Biochar in the UK Print News Media: Issue Frames and Their Implications for Opening up Debate About Land-based Greenhouse Gas Removal

ABSTRACT Biochar is a land-based greenhouse gas removal technology with potential to address the climate crisis. This article examines societal debate and discussion around biochar as represented in the UK print news media and reflects on its implications for the democratic governance of novel technologies. Using an “issue frame” analysis approach, the following frames are identified – Innovation, Economics, Security, Governance and Accountability, Risk, Justice, Substitution, Salvation and Tradition – with some more prominent than others. Economics and Innovation frames are particularly pronounced, together with the argument for market-based forms of governance, while Risk and Justice frames are weakly developed. The findings show that some frames and their associated actors dominate debate, while others are absent or side-lined. This might hinder opening up the debate to a wider group of stakeholders and publics and alternative framings, thus constraining effective governance of biochar.

Exploring the Nexus: Tax Compliance and Sustainable Development in Namibia

Tax revenue collection serves as the bedrock for states to avail infrastructure, essential national needs and development, encompassing critical sectors such as education, healthcare, and social welfare. This study explored and answered a question on which factors influence domestic taxpayers’ compliance in Namibia. This study tested the nine factors unpacked by Trifan et al., (2023) against 113 domestic taxpayers’ messages sent between June 2022 and December 2023 regarding tax concerns. This study was underpinned by established tax compliance explanations, including, political accountability social norms, deterrence factors, and fiscal exchange. A qualitative approach was adopted, by collecting messages from taxpayers through the Namibia Revenue Agency ‘s (NamRA) Facebook page and published Short Message Services (SMS) by the Namibian News Paper. The data were quantified to provide a better understanding as to what extent categorized taxpayers’ messages contributed to tax compliance in Namibia. The results revealed that five factors (trust in tax authority, perceived fairness, tax legislation and procedures simplicity, personal financial and economic factors, and malfunctioning of integrated tax administration (ITAS), were found to have a likelihood influence on tax complaisance in Namibia.

Preface. Multisensuality in Historical and Cultural Contexts

This section contains four original articles addressing the matters of interaction, coexistence and representation of the human senses in various historical and cultural contexts. The multisensory experience of the world in relations to the past, the present and the future constitutes the main theme of the selected articles. The authors analyze how, in various cultural texts and historical moments, human experience was depicted through the prism of sensory perception, sometimes combined with sensory memory and the powerfulness/powerlessness of the (non)human corporeality. The authors analyze a variety of historical and cultural sources to answer the question of the impact of multisensory experience on our view of the world: in the past, the present and the future. Nina C. Rastinger in her article “Capturing Extraordinary Multisensory Experiences in Writing: Reports on Natural Disasters in an 18th Century Newspaper Corpus” deals with written representations of natural disasters, which constitute extraordinary multisensory experiences, in historical newspaper texts. Natalia Giza in her study “Multisensuality in the Satirical Prints of the Georgian Era in England” shows how sensory perception enhanced visual humor in the satirical prints of Georgian England, examining how English caricaturists used various sensory elements such as sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. Jules Sebastian Skutta in his paper “Tactile Vision and Othering: Ethnographic Engagements and Racial Differentiations in 19th Century Travelogues” demonstrates on the basis of ethnographic travelogues from German East Africa and from the time of German colonial rule that the transmission, emergence, and dissemination of features of racial differentiation are based on the interplay of different sensory perceptions. Finally, Bartosz Mroczkowski, in the article entitled “Designing the Future Through Touch” focuses on the sense of touch in the process of designing the future. The aforementioned articles illustrate that multisensuality is a multidimensional concept that requires a thorough analysis from different academic perspectives and with the use of various methodological approaches.

Capturing Extraordinary Multisensory Experiences in Writing: Reports on Natural Disasters in an 18th Century Newspaper Corpus

The article examines reports of natural disasters in the 18th century Austrian newspaper "Wienerisches Diarium" to gain insights into how people captured the extraordinary sensory experiences of such events in written form. By analysing a digitised corpus of over 300 newspaper issues, the study identifies 302 text passages referring to natural disasters, among them 285 news reports, and explores textual traces of (multi)sensuality present within this material. The close reading and semantic annotation of the textual findings reveals that comparisons to familiar sensations are commonly used to convey the sensory experiences of natural disasters, allowing readers to (better) relate to and understand the extreme events. At the same time, touch and vision constitute the most frequently mentioned senses, while smell and taste only play a minor role in early modern disaster depiction. In addition, the study finds that earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are more likely to include multisensory descriptions compared to other types of disasters. These and further findings shed light on when and how (multi)sensory impressions of disasters were conveyed in written form within early modern news.

A decade of PrEP: the evolution of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis content and sentiments in South African print news media, 2012–2021

After nearly a decade of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) rollout in sub-Saharan Africa, there has been limited study of PrEP messaging in news media. We selected twenty South African newspapers with the highest circulation volumes to retrieve articles published in 2012–2021 mentioning PrEP (N = 249). Using inductive content analysis, we developed a structured codebook to characterise PrEP-related content and sentiments, as well as their evolution over time, in the South African press. Many articles espoused favourable attitudes towards PrEP (52%), but a sizeable fraction espoused unfavourable attitudes (11%). Relative to PrEP-favourable articles, PrEP-unfavourable articles were significantly more likely to emphasise the drawbacks/consequences of PrEP use, including adherence/persistence requirements (52% vs. 24%, p = .007), cost (48% vs. 11%, p < .001), and risk compensation (52% vs. 5%, p < .001). Nevertheless, the presence of these drawbacks/consequences in print media largely declined over time. Key populations (e.g. adolescents, female sex workers) were frequently mentioned potential PrEP candidates. Despite message variations over time, prevention effectiveness and adherence/persistence requirements were the most widely cited PrEP benefits and drawbacks, respectively. Study findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of PrEP coverage in the South African press, likely in response to PrEP scale-up and real-world PrEP implementation during the study period.

Imbalanced media portrayal: a content analysis of precision medicine in US news of 2015–2021

IntroductionEngaging diverse participants is vital to precision medicine (PM) but has been limited by low knowledge and concerns about various issues related to PM research. News media is an important channel of information that can shape public understanding and perception of PM. However, how PM is represented in news media has not been sufficiently understood.MethodsThe study used quantitative content analysis to evaluate the portrayal of PM in US print news media between 2015 and 2021 (N = 198). Three domains of factors related to PM portrayed in news articles were coded: (1) characteristics of PM, (2) target diseases of PM and their related characteristics, and (3) non-scientific news frames.ResultsThere was considerable news coverage of the treatment benefits of PM, especially for cancer. Potential risks or concerns, non-cancer diseases, and non-treatment issues that could be important to diverse populations were less covered. News articles frequently cited scientists, patients, and government officials with different focuses on PM.DiscussionThe study highlighted the need for accurate and complete information about PM in news media for diverse participants. News media should actively explore social, ethical, and legal issues to support the engagement of diverse populations.

A Study to assess the Knowledge of Trainee Student Nurses about Covid-19 JN-1 Variant in Selected Nursing Institutions of Bihar

Trainee Student Nurses are an important part of Health care. They are under training and going to nurse, and serve the patients. Covid-19 JN-1 variant have alerted the world for a new pandemic. So it is important to assess the knowledge of Trainee Student Nurses regarding Covid-19 JN-1 variant of Corona Virus. Context: I want to investigate: Course and year wise knowledge assessment of Trainee students Nurses. Knowledge assessment of students based on types of Nursing institutions where they are studying. Aims: To assess knowledge of Trainee Student Nurses regarding Covid-19 JN-1 Variant. Settings and Design: In this study, I have queried self-developed questionnaires to 310 Trainee Student Nurses. Methods and Material: Questionnaire technique is used to collect relevant data from Trainee Student Nurses of selected Nursing institutions of Bihar. Online link was prepared and shared to Nursing Institutions. Those who have put yes as a consent for participation were included in this survey. Statistical Analysis Used: Parameters against which questionnaire was examined are as follows: Information regarding Covid-19 JN.1 Virus among trainee students nurses. Importance of public health measures to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 JN.1 variant. Students attended CNE/workshop/training/educational classes regarding this variant of corona. Results: Out of 310 sample, 63.2% GNM students, 29.7% ANM students, 5.2% B.Sc Nursing Students and 1.9% Post Basic B.Sc Nursing students have participated in this survey. 85.5% students were heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant before taking this survey and 14.5% students had not heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant. 69.4% Nursing students were heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant from News papers, News channels, social media such as whats up, facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Youtube, Colleagues/Friends/Relatives. 11.3% students have heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant from Social media such as What's up, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter. 7.4% students were heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant from News channel. 4.8% students were heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant from News paper. 3.9% students were heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant from Colleagues/ Friends/Relatives. 3.2% students were heard about Covid-19 JN.1 variant from YouTube. • 77.4% students are aware of the potential impact of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant on public health while 22.6% students are not aware of the potential impact of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant on public health. • 50.6% students informed that they have not cared a suspected or confirmed cases of Covid-19 JN.1 Variant while 49.4% students informed that they have cared a suspected or confirmed cases of Covid-19 JN.1 Variant. • 57.1% students think that Covid-19 JN.1 Variant infection is more common in critically ill COVID-19 patient, 13.9% students think that Covid-19 JN.1 Variant infection is more common in critically ill COVID-19 patient, and 13.9% students think that Covid-19 JN.1 Variant infection is more common in critically ill COVID-19 patient. • 53.2% students think that local healthcare system is well-prepared to handle cases related to the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant, 22.6% students think that local healthcare system is not well-prepared to handle cases related to the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant and 24.2% students think that local healthcare system maybe well-prepared to handle cases related to the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant. • 68.4% students are confident in the scientific community's ability to monitor and address the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant effectively, 15.5% students are not confident in the scientific community's ability to monitor and address the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant effectively, and 16.1% students are confident that scientific community's may be able to monitor and address the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant effectively. • 78.1% students believe that inter - national collaboration is crucial in managing the spread of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant, 6.1% students believe that international collaboration is not crucial in managing the spread of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant, and 15.8% students believe that international collaboration may be crucial in managing the spread of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant. • 79% students believe that they will support additional public health measures to mitigate the impact of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant, 6.1% students believe that they will not support additional public health measures to mitigate the impact of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant and 14.8% students believe that they may support additional public health measures to mitigate the impact of the Covid-19 JN.1 Variant. • 43.2% students have not attended any CNE/ Workshop/ Training/educational classes regarding Covid-19 JN.1 Variant, while 56.8% students have not attended any CNE/ Workshop/ Training/educational classes regarding Covid-19 JN.1 Variant. Conclusions Easy accessibility and affordability of Mobiles play an important role in mobile addiction. Less availability of time spend by parents with their children and involvement of both parents are the main reasons behind mobile addiction.

Library Services with User Satisfaction in selected Universities Libraries in Karnataka: A Study

The present study aims to assess the Library services with user satisfaction in selected Universities libraries in Karnataka. The investigator has distributed 200 questionnaires to the users, out of which 160 (80%) questionnaires were received back. The findings of the study shows that, 146 (91.25 %) respondents visited selected universities libraries for borrowing library books and to read materials in their specific subjects and they opined that ‘arrangement of text books’ as impressive. In terms of news paper clippings service, majority 91 (56.88%) of respondents are satisfied.

The Role of the Press in Free and Fair Elections in Uganda: A Case Study of Daily Monitor News Paper

The media is an essential component of any democratic election. This is illustrated in a way that keeps voters informed about the policies and agendas of different political parties and contenders. Until voters are aware of each candidate's position on every issue, they will not be able to completely exercise their right to vote. Conversely, the media can aid voters in their self-education by providing a comparative analysis of important issues. Numerous individuals have viewed the media's above-mentioned job as idealistic and unachievable, asserting that regular reporting on events is rife with "fake news" and falls short of the criteria of superior journalism. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the coded data, and information was generated and presented in the form of graphs, tables, and charts exhibiting frequencies and percentages. The study suggests that false news has existed since the internet's prehistory and is prevalent today. It highlights the negative impact of false news on media organizations, leading to credibility loss and costly investigations. Despite ethical journalism rules, media organizations face threats of closure or censorship. The general population is a significant source of fake news. False news in Uganda leads to various consequences, such as media organization closure, damage to brand reputation, and mistrust of news industries. It can also cause underdevelopment, increased demonstrations, hatred, and even innocent deaths. Despite adhering to ethical journalism rules, media organizations face threats of closure or censorship. False news in media organizations can lead to credibility loss, costly investigations, and threats of closure or censorship, while the general population is a significant source, causing incidents like demonstrations, hatred, deaths, and celebrity reputation damage. Key words: Media, Democracy, Citizenship, Marketization, Election.