Newspaper Policy Research Articles

Giving voice to the voiceless: Presentation of Labor Issues in Editorials of Elite Newspapers (2013-2018)

Labor leaders and trade unionists often complain that newspapers do not give a proper presentation to labor issues. This research article is an effort to address their complaint and investigate the presentation of labor issues in the editorials of elite newspapers of Pakistan (Dawn and the News) from 2013-2018. Editorials present the case of the voiceless segment of society, and they also reflect general trends of coverage on news pages, because the editorials are written on important events and issues which emerged on news pages. They also present newspaper policy and generate debate in society on important issues. The selected newspapers have great importance in the public discourse of Pakistan, and they are read by the most influential segments of society. The period under the study was very eventful for labor in Pakistan. It is a quantitative and qualitative content analysis of editorials written on selected labor issues (trade unions and workplace security) by selected newspapers during the period under study. Applying the theory of agenda setting and framing the study has found that newspapers have given a very insufficient presentation to labor issues, but they positively presented the labor issues.

Portrayal of Kashmir Issue in the Editorial Cartoons of English Dailies: A comparative study of Indian and Pakistani newspapers

Kashmir issue has been the bone of contention between India and Pakistan since their independence. However, abrogation of article 370 on Aug 05, 2019, in Indian Occupied Kashmir by the Indian government to revoke its’ special status has escalated the conflict to an extreme level. This paper is an attempt to examine the portrayal of the Kashmir issue in the editorial cartoons of English dailies of India and Pakistan published in August 2019 (just after the abrogation of article 370) in the light of Framing theory and Barthes’s model of connotation and denotation. The main objective of this research is to examine the signs, symbols, and metaphors used by Pakistani and Indian cartoonists to highlight the Kashmir issue. The study concludes both Pakistani and Indian newspapers frame the Kashmir issue in their way representing their perception, newspaper's policy, and ideology. Cartoons published in Indian newspapers depict Pakistan as a confused and baffled state whereas Pakistani newspapers highlight the barbarianism of the Indian army in Indian Occupied Kashmir.

The Twentieth Revolution in Mosul newspaper (May - December 1920)

‘1920 Iraqi Revolt’ is one of the most important political events in the contemporary history of Iraq, as it shocked the British presence and paved a new stage in Iraq. This topic has received great attention from historians, researchers and those who are interested in the history of Iraq. Many academic studies have been devoted to address it from various aspects. Each researcher looked at it from a certain perspective. They relied on the scientific sources and material available in documents, personal notes, press, and others. The press is an important source for the study of modern and contemporary history. Al-Mosul newspaper is one of the important newspapers issued by the British occupation authorities in the city of Mosul, and it expressed British policy in this region. The British occupation authorities used this newspaper to transfer their ideas and news to the people in Mosul and its outskirts. The newspaper's policy was clear about the events of the 1920 Iraqi Revolt, and it contained a lot of important information that served British policy in Iraq.

Debates on CCP Newspaper Policy in Hong Kong Circa 1949 and the Elimination of Private Newspapers in the Early 1950s in the PRC

Drawing upon secret correspondence between the British colonial government in Hong Kong and the Foreign Office in London, Hong Kong newspapers and individual memoirs, this paper examines how the British colonial government enabled CCP propaganda that shaped the formation of the early news policies of the newly founded PRC. Challenging the conclusions of previous scholarship, this study argues that while Hong Kong was the centre of political debates regarding whether privately-owned newspapers could exist in the PRC, Communist Party leaders in Hong Kong reached an internal consensus regarding press reform well before the New Democracy Revolution was aborted. Furthermore, the democrats and private newspapers runners, who were the intended objects of transformation, contributed to the process of the demise of private newspapers without requiring recourse to violent-means on the part of the Communists.

A PROPOSED MODEL TO ADDRESS SOME ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH POLLUTION AND RESOURCE DEPLETION IN EGYPTIAN NEWSPAPERS

The present study aimed to address some of the environmental justice issues associated with pollution and depletion of resources and correct the relationship between human and the environment and support the values, dimensions and principles of environmental justice in the target audience and achieve the objectives of environmental media. Through a suggested model, interviews were conducted with a number of readers as well as attending conferences and workshops at the Ministry of Environment. Some observations were drawn, the most important of which was the lack of clear criteria followed by the newspaper's policy to spread environmental justice issues and the lack of awareness of readers adequately and not addressed Given the importance of environmental justice issues related to pollution of air, water, noise, food and soil, as well as the depletion of renewable and non-renewable natural resources, a program was developed to inform readers of these important issues. The study used the descriptive analytical method, and the tools of the study was a knowledge test and the selection of the sample of the study is the members of the Zahraa Maadi Youth Center in Cairo and the number of (60) readers during 2019. The research tools were applied to the members of the research group (experimental and control), before and after the implementation of the program, where the results of the research on the effectiveness of the proposed program to address some of the issues of environmental justice associated with pollution and depletion of resources in the Egyptian newspapers, so I recommend the need to pay attention to issues of environmental justice.

Are Newspaper Norms against the freedom of advertising and business?

Newspaper advertising provides an opportunity to advertisers to deliver more concrete information to consumers. At the same time, it financially supports newspaper companies to shape public opinions. Because of that, policies about print advertising play an important role in balanced advance of media as well as in development of diverse culture and public opinions. With this view, this study tries to discuss the main issues of newspaper advertising in Korea, the social meaning of these main issues, and alternative choices to them.BR Newspaper polices should be revised to a more realistic and reasonable direction. The main issues of newspaper policies are developing scientific and reasonable sales of newspaper advertising and an organization which can support the sales, establishing advertising rates based on market principles, limiting government influence on newspaper advertising market and revitalization of local advertising market. Control and intervention should be minimized in policy decision to foster developing norms in newspaper advertising market.

We Know the Name; Do They Know the Game?: "Celebrity" Articles about the 1924 and 1932 World Series

Sports broadcasts feature celebrities and athletes, to attract viewers. But this practice was prevalent even in the early print-dominated days of sports journalism. This paper reviews articles written by sports-related and celebrity non-journalists and published in three newspapers concerning the 1924 and 1932 World Series. The paper demonstrates that this practice was widespread, in print form, during the 1924 Series. By 1932, relating to economic realities as much as newspaper policy, it was much less popular.

An Ethical "Blind Spot": Problems of Anonymous Letters to the Editor

This study investigates the ethical implications of American newspaper policies that call for the automatic rejection of anonymous submissions to "letters to the editor" forums. The investigation is a qualitative analysis of more than 30 practitioner essays printed in journalism trade journals in the mid-to-late 20th century and interviews conducted with editors from 16 U.S. newspapers. The analysis found that contemporary American editors exhibited a blind spot toward anonymous commentary that seems to be in contention with certain tenets of codes of ethics. Although editors took some steps toward making ethical arguments in favor of those policies, they either truncated or skipped some steps-such as considering all of the facts, considering journalistic principles, and acknowledging their personal biases toward anonymity-in making ethical decisions. The study concludes that editors who make ethical arguments in favor of "must-sign" policies should reconsider either their ethical justifications for those policies or the utility of the policies themselves.

The Creation of the “Free” Press in Japanese-American Camps: The War Relocation Authority's Planning and Making of the Camp Newspaper Policy

This study investigates how the War Relocation Authority (WRA) formulated newspaper publishing policy in Japanese-American camps during World War II. The WRA allowed evacuees to publish their own newspapers “freely” without “censorship” but under the authority's “supervision.” This study uses archival documents of the WRA and other concerned governmental agencies and examines development of the “free under supervision” press policy. The study shows that the federal government used camp newspapers to convince the domestic and international public that “democracy” was fully protected within camps.

Civic Journalism as Rationale for Aggressive Coverage of Domestic Assault

A Vermont newspaper's policy of publishing names of victims and abusers in domestic violence cases combines the best features of traditional journalism and civic journalism.

News concerning Africa in Dutch morning papers

This study concentrates on some elements of the way in which the perception of newspapers for a group relatively powerless nations is modelled. Research on Dutch news papers shows a dichotomy in the news orientation of newspapers: event- or correspondent orientation. Furthermore, newspapers differ not so much in the place on the agenda they put regions on, as in the general treatment of news, probably as a result of newspaper policy. Using news value theory, significant correlations between low position on the agenda of the South, prominence of covered events, and negativity of the news are found. As a result, a 'natural tendency for negativity' can be distinguished in international news about marginal regions.

Newspaper Policies on the Potential Merging of Advertising and News Content

Newspaper readers more readily trust news than advertising content. Therefore, journalists and media scholars consider it important that audiences can distinguish between news stories and advertisements. The authors collected survey responses from 321 daily newspapers on their standards for acceptable advertising for publication. The responses were analyzed to discover if advertising acceptance policies and practices reflect publications’ willingness to blur the lines between news and advertising sections. The data indicate that most newspapers are careful about letting advertisers pretend their messages are really news stories. In general, newspapers’ journalistic priorities for honesty influence their advertising policies. A few newspapers may use the editorial content to help sell advertising space and otherwise blur the lines between news and advertising content, but it is not a common and widespread problem.

Media ethics and agriculture: Advertiser demands challenge farm press's ethical practices

The agricultural communicator is a key link in transmitting information to farmers. If agricultural communicators' ethics are compromised, the resulting biases in news production could have serious detrimental effects on the quality of information conveyed to farmers. But, to date, agricultural communicators' perceptions of ethical problems they encounter at work has not been examined. This study looks at the dimensions of ethical concerns for topics area (agricultural) journalists as defined by practitioners. To determine these dimensions, we sent open ended questionnaires (50 percent response rate) to members of two professional agricultural journalist associations: the Newspaper Farm Editors of America and the American Agricultural Editors' Association. Agricultural communicators overwhelmingly focus on one specific threat to objectivity—advertising pressure. Both NFEA and AAEA respondents indicated that agricultural journalists' responses to advertising pressure adversely affected the entire profession. The responses indicated that agricultural writers were concerned with the different types of pressures and the effects of advertising pressure on the industry as a whole. NFEA and AAEA respondents mentioned both indirect pressure, “freebies,” conferences, trips and press releases from advertising or public relations sections of agri-business firms, and direct pressures from advertisers, salesmen and publishers. The respondents were clearly more comfortable when newspaper policy protected them from advertising pressure and when they had techniques to reduce this pressure. The editors' and reporters' perceptions of advertising pressure clearly indicates that advertising abuses are a clear and present danger and one worthy of far more attention than it has previously received.

Shoplifting, Impaired Driving, and Refusing the Breathalyzer

The impact of a newspaper policy af printing the names of individuals who shoplift, drink and drive, and/ or refuse the breathalyzer was examined. Interrupted Time Series Analysis was used to analyze the number of offenders arrested pre- and postadoption of the policy. Analyses indicated that following the publication policy shoplifting incidents decreased; however, the policy had no effect on either the number of impaired drivers arrested or offenders refusing the breathalyzer.

The Presidency and the Print Media: Who Controls the News?

Relations between the presidency and the press are often fractious. This is evident in the Nixon Administration's criticisms of the press during 1969, and the more recent charges that President Reagan has leveled at the media. In this article, we first examine three competing perspectives, termed media-subordinate, moderated-effects, and media-autonomous, that explain how the press responds to criticism from the presidency. Next, we use these perspectives to generate a set of predictions about connections between the press and the presidency. We then test the predictions with data from a random sample of 843 American daily newspapers, taken in 1970. The data demonstrate that the newspapers often did change their policies in ways desired by the Nixon Administration. Second, the data show that the more professional (and therefore presumably more autonomous) the editor of the newspaper, the more likely was the newspaper's editorial policy to change in ways desired by the Nixon Administration. These findings undercut the media-autonomous perspective. By contrast, the data provide some support for both the media-subordinate and moderated-effects perspectives. The former perspective predicted changes in newspaper policy and also a relationship between an editor's ideological leanings and changes in his newspaper's policy; the data confirmed these predictions. The latter perspective predicted that changes in newspaper policy would be intermediate in size; this prediction also was supported. In our discussion, we place our findings in the context of contemporary presidency-press relationships, and suggest ways in which the three perspectives need to be developed to account for recent changes in those relationships.

Letter Opinion on ERA: A Test of the Newspaper Bias Hypothesis

This paper compares letter opinion (opinions expressed in published letters-to-the-editor) with public opinion on ERA. Prior research has suggested that letter opinion is biased by atypical letter writers or by newspaper editorial policies which are used to select letters for publication. Drawing on a national sample of 92 daily newspapers, no substantial difference between letter opinion and public opinion on ERA is detected. Little support is found for the hypothesis that newspaper policies bias letter opinion. David B. Hill is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, Texas A&M University. The author is indebted to Yvonne Kisiel and Kathie Jewell for invaluable assistance in the collection and reading of the letters-to-the-editor which are analyzed herein. Anonymous reviewers for this Quarterly made several helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. Public Opinion Quarterly Vol. 45:384-392 ? 1981 by The Trustees of Columbia University Published by Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. 0033-362X/81/0045-384/$2.50 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.191 on Tue, 11 Oct 2016 04:40:28 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms LETTER OPINION ON ERA 385 This paper examines letters-to-the-editor which comment on the proposed Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Letter opinion drawn from a national sampling of daily newspapers is compared with public opinion to determine the representativeness of the former. The biasing effect of letter publication policies is evaluated by comparing letter opinion of newspapers which publish all letters they receive with letter opinion of newspapers which exercise editorial control over publication of letters.

Publication of Names of Juvenile Offenders

A national survey of newspaper policies indicates that an increasing number of youthful criminals may expect to see their names in print in the future, particularly where editors view publication as a deterrent to crime. Even in states with restrictive statutes, many editors find ways to lessen the limitations.

Surveying Newspaper Policies

Surveying Newspaper Policies

Reader Attitudes toward Questions of Newspaper Policy and Practice

Reader Attitudes toward Questions of Newspaper Policy and Practice