Newspaper Office Research Articles

이종명 소설의 등장인물들에게 나타나는 ‘금기’와 ‘불온’ 양상 연구

For the characters in Lee Jong-myung’s novels, Lee Jong-myung was a leading figure in the founding of the Nine People’s Society, a literary organization that is indispensable in the history of modern literature. However, Lee Jong-myung would leave the group shortly afterward. “In the fall of that year, Jong-myung and Yoo-young, who were the main promoters of hypocrisy, left the group,” says Choi, suggesting that Lee Jong-myung was one of the first to form the group, but he left before the group’s activities began in earnest, though it is not clear why.
 Lee Jong-myung is also one of the writers for whom there is no detailed information such as the year of death or hometown. The reason for this lack of information is that Lee Jong-myung’s work was somewhat outside of the mainstream literary scene at the time.
 Contrary to these evaluations, Lee Jong-myung’s works have their own unique world. There are two main characteristics of Lee Jong-myung’s works: first, they are detailed, as if watching a movie. This is especially evident in Lee’s feature-length novel Aegeum Hell, where the descriptions of the Sambang Yaksu, the newspaper office, the streets of Gyeongseong, and the road to Cheonggyesa Temple are described as clearly as if we were watching a movie.
 Another characteristic of Lee Jong-myung’s work is the presence of heavy and dark subjects, which are considered ‘taboo’ in society. Drugs, suicide, abortion, molestation, stalking, and checking the virginity of dead women are among the provocative and taboo subjects in Lee’s work. This study examines the ‘taboos’ in Lee Jong-myung’s works through the short stories “People of the Good” (1929), “Dr. Choi’s Conscience” (1932), and the full-length novel “Aegean Hell” (1933), where this tendency is particularly pronounced, and in doing so, identifies features of Lee Jong-myung’s literature that have been devalued by Lee Moo-young, Han Seol-ya, and others.I study the aspects of ‘taboo’ and ‘unpleasantness’.

Is Organizational Culture Mediating The Relationship Recruitment And Placement On Employee Performance In Bhirawa Daily Newspaper Office?

Many research focus on the effect of recruitment and placement on employee performance, but less of them focus for examining the role of organizational culture as mediator for stimulating employee performance. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of recruitment, placement, and organizational culture on employee performance at the Daily newspaper Bhirawa Surabaya Company. In this research also examine the role of organizational cultue as the mediator in that relationship on both variables on employee performance. The research was conducted by using a survey design with sensus for collecting data. Questionnaires which is designed by Likert scale were used to collect data. Data was analyzed with Partial Least Square. The results of this study indicate that recruitment has no positive effect on employee performance, placement has no positive effect on employee performance, organizational culture has a significant effect on employee performance and organizational culture mediates the effect of recruitment on the employee’s performance of daily newspaper Bhirawa Surabaya.
 Keywords : Recruitment, Placement, Organizational Culture, Employee Performance

Poe in Richmond: Celebrating the Poe Museum’s Centennial

Poe in Richmond: Celebrating the Poe Museum’s Centennial

Cub Reporters: American Children's Literature and Journalism in the Golden Age by Paige Gray (review)

Reviewed by: Cub Reporters: American Children's Literature and Journalism in the Golden Age by Paige Gray George Bodmer (bio) Cub Reporters: American Children's Literature and Journalism in the Golden Age, by Paige Gray. State U of New York P, 2019. Paige Gray's Cub Reporters makes the comparison between American children's literature and journalism beginning in the second half of the nineteenth century, both in defining childhood and America's growing place and prestige in the world. It is Gray's thesis that these two genres fed on one another to create realities and new models for viewing the world through artifice. This discussion falls at a particularly appropriate period in our history—her second chapter is titled "Making News and Faking Truth: Richard Harding Davis the Reporter, and the American Youth." Each chapter focuses on an exchange between journalism and children's literature: Horatio Alger, Jr., on newsboys; Richard Harding Davis, as a newspaperman who turns to writing fiction for the young; L. Frank Baum's series Aunt Jane's Nieces (1906), which deals with female journalists; the Chicago Defender Junior, which published poetry and submissions by African American children; and, finally, Louise Fitzhugh's Harriet the Spy (1992). It is especially appropriate to begin with Alger, who had a close relationship with the newsboys of New York City, in life and as subject matter for his rags-to-riches stories. Gray here makes the claim that as newsboys on the street made loud and exaggerated claims to sell their papers, they represented "journalists" at the lowest rung (and certainly we see a comparable focus on that lowest rung, the worst paid, on which industries depend, as we emerge from pandemic times). Significant to the writer's thesis here is the focus on "those young people who inspired and were inspired by the Golden Age of American children's literature during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The years between the Civil War and World War I also approximate a 'golden age' of the newspaper" (xv). One frequently hears "golden age" used to refer to these times, but a greater justification of this term is needed. For example, the author cites the success of Robert Louis Stevenson, Rudyard Kipling, Mark Twain, Frances Hodgson Burnett, E. Nesbit, Beatrix Potter, Louisa May Alcott, and A. A. Milne (xviii); few of these authors are American. Certainly, works for children during these times enjoyed greater success and allowed greater leeway in what could be presented (as likewise occurred post-World War II in American picture books), but a more precise definition is needed to [End Page 196] apply this to American literature for the young; likewise, the case must be made more clearly that this was a transitional stage for American journalism. This slight volume—there are approximately 125 pages of text—in five chapters, discusses five cases describing young characters who are actively redefining their world. The first, Alger, and his series of rags-to-riches stories are especially appropriate here because Alger portrays young people largely on their own, as bootblacks, messenger boys, and newsboys of the streets, the last helping to make the crossover to the journalism theme. The author next discusses Davis, who published Gallegher and Other Stories (1891), portraying a newspaper office boy who steadfastly tries to make sense of his world. Much is made of Davis's leap from journalist to novelist, but it's not uncommon for newspapermen to turn to fiction (e.g., Ernest Hemingway, Stephen Crane, and Robert Cormier). The following typifies the thesis here: "Through his 'cub reporter'-type characters, Davis invites young readers to participate in the process of artifice, one that includes empirical investigation as well as innovative storytelling. Both undermining and commending American journalism, Davis's characters show the artifice of the newspaper, and in doing so, show youth's ability to unsettle and reconfigure the news literally and figuratively" (18). It is an inevitable part of narrative to shape events into story, whether for a newspaper, a novel, a movie, a drama; it is why we write and why we read. Gray's third chapter concerns Baum—not The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, but the...

An Enemy of the People

An Enemy of the People

Cub Reporters: American Children’s Literature and Journalism in the Golden Age by Paige Gray

Reviewed by: Cub Reporters: American Children’s Literature and Journalism in the Golden Age by Paige Gray Anne W. Anderson (bio) Cub Reporters: American Children’s Literature and Journalism in the Golden Age. By Paige Gray. SUNY Press, 2019. Given today’s uncertainties and turmoil, one might question the relevance of Cub Reporters, Paige Gray’s foray into the journalism and children’s literature worlds of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. After all, today’s newspapers seem to be a dying industry. Charges of “fake news” and bias—on the parts of news organizations and of news consumers—abound, and so-called Golden Age children’s literature today seems more gilded than golden. Gray’s lively writing draws readers in from the first eleven-word paragraph— “Pretend it’s 1896. You live in New York City. It’s Sunday.” (xiii)—and leads them on a rollicking journey through the first all-color, full-page cartoon and ending with, well, us. Today. Now. Gray explores, through the lens of artifice, the ways in which children’s texts featuring the news industry present particular avenues of knowing, reveal the underlying artifices of knowing, and empower child readers to employ their own agency in recreating everything from “tomorrow’s edition of the newspaper [to] entire cultural belief systems” (xxxvii). As an example of child agency linking past and present, journalism and literature, Gray notes that the 1992 Disney movie Newsies, which was panned by adult critics and consigned by adult marketers to the VHS discount bin, went on to become wildly popular as home entertainment among young viewers. Twenty years later, it became a long-running Broadway musical with a new generation of young fans. The story of child and teen news hawkers going on strike—and winning!—and other news-centric American children’s literature has reflected, Gray writes, “American children[’s] . . . desire to not just carry the banner, but to create it”(16). Artifice, in its original sense of the word, “broadly refers to human-made apparatus—artistic, technological, psychological, cultural, or otherwise—devised and used to both communicate ideas and compel others to [End Page 421] acknowledge those ideas. It can refer to works of individual invention or the production of larger social constructs” (xix). By reverting to artifice’s foundational meaning, Gray says she “hope[s] to erase the adverse implications of the word . . . [and] to reinforce individual agency” in order to “show how larger concepts . . . often deemed ‘natural’ or ‘absolute’ also reflect artifice, and are therefore available for revision” (xix). Gray contextualizes her work in a tightly woven web drawn from the fields of journalism, literary history, children’s literature, media history, childhood studies, and communication, especially as applied to newspapers and children’s literature. Newspapers, Gray claims, are not a transcription of life. Rather they are “the stage for . . . domestic drama, as well as that of the grand spectacle of American political theater” (x). Nineteenth-century newspapers used the verbal artifice of sensationalist language and the visual artifice of typographical choices to report, for example, the grisly details of a domestic tragedy using “a multideck headline that introduces new titillating information with each sentence, spaced out to force readers further into the article while simultaneously providing just enough of the story to satisfy a superficial news perusal” (xiv). Children’s literature of the late-1800s, Gray argues, used similar tactics to create both a romanticized narrative around the news industry and a counternarrative exposing its artifices. In the first two chapters, Gray documents historic developments in the news industry then discusses how those developments are fictionalized in the boy stories of two widely published authors: Horatio Alger, Jr., who did not work in the news industry, and Richard Harding Davis, who was a reporter and war correspondent. Several of Alger’s rags-to-riches novels feature newsboys working on the fringes of the industry, whereas Davis’s journalist characters are insiders such as newspaper office boys or cub (novice) reporters. Both authors depict the artifice involved in making and selling news. One of Alger’s novels, for example, depicts a newsboy’s performance in “shouting promises” to customers that the newspaper will give them the...

ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ РЕДАКТОРА-ЦЕНЗОРА В «ТОМСКИХ ГУБЕРНСКИХ ВЕДОМОСТЯХ» В 1907–1908 гг.

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the censorship of provincial prerevolutionary periodicals (the official newspaper Tomskie Gubernskie Vedomosti [Tomsk Provincial Sheets] in particular). Usually, a reader or a researcher of periodicals deals with the issue of the newspaper that has been distributed, all the work on its preparation, editing, proofreading, and censorship remains “behind the scenes”. In this case, a special typographic print intended for editing and admission for publication by the editor of the unofficial part of Tomskie Gubernskie Vedomosti that was preserved in the State Archive of Tomsk Oblast allows examining the specific forms and features of the work of the editor and the censor. A complex of textual methods was used to study the considered archival material, including semantic analysis of newspaper text, syntactic and contextual analysis, and also a historical reconstruction method. The synthesis of linguistic methods and historical analysis methods is due to the complexity of the material, which requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach. Like most documents related to the implementation of censorship in prerevolutionary Russian journalism, this print as an object of study is at the intersection of textual criticism, archival research, history, and journalism. During the study, the handwritten notes in the margins and in the very texts of the publications were deciphered; the contents of two versions of the same issue (the preliminary version with corrections, and the final printed version) were compared; the most significant corrections were analyzed from the semantic and linguistic point of view; assumptions about the reasons for the edits were made and justified. The following conclusions were drawn as a result of the study. V.A. Meyer, responsible for the unofficial part, was not a writing editor (with his own column or editorials), but an administrator with the functions of an editor, censor, and proofreader of the special typographic print, which N.G. Guselnikov, the head of the newspaper office, prepared for him. The edited publications covered all-Russian political events, political events in Tomsk and Tomsk Governorate, as well as non-political events. The edits can be grouped into the following categories: delenda (deletion of certain “extra” words, phrases, sentences, as well as whole paragraphs and entire publications); replacement certain words, sentences, and publications; correction of forms of words and their inflections; correction of typos; rearrangement of the order of publications; indication or change of the source of borrowing or the author of the publication. The censor-editor edited both articles on local topics and reprints from other newspapers despite the fact that the reprints had already been accepted for publication by other periodicals.

Independent operation Advantage integration Complementary development—An analysis of the relationship between newspapers and websites

The rise of online media has left paper media, especially newspapers, in a very awkward position and there is still a debate on the relationship between newspapers and websites, many people in the industry called the two a relationship of “newspapers and the Internet is father and son”, which is a false understanding. This paper holds that in the case of newspapers and networks belonging to the same newspaper office, the two should operate independently, integrate their respective advantages, complement each other, inter-develope, so as to implement a win-win situation for newspapers and websites.

Ben Thompson: Portrait of a Gunfighter by Thomas C. Bicknell, Chuck Parsons

Reviewed by: Ben Thompson: Portrait of a Gunfighter by Thomas C. Bicknell, Chuck Parsons Bob Cavendish Ben Thompson: Portrait of a Gunfighter. By Thomas C. Bicknell and Chuck Parsons. (Denton: University of North Texas Press, 2018. Pp. 688. Appendices, illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index.) On Tuesday evening, March 11, 1884, Ben Thompson climbed upstairs to the second floor gallery at the Vaudeville Theater in San Antonio to see a play. A few minutes later, he died in a hail of bullets, victim of an ambush, the murder still unsolved. Eerily presaging another Texas ambush seventy-nine years later, questions emerged: who conspired and murdered Ben Thompson? Why had someone wanted to kill him that night and at that place? While coauthors Bicknell and Parsons make no explicit suggestions, their well-researched and compelling biography hints that Thompson’s end was a consequence of his own making. Portrait of a Gunfighter is set in an American West of towns on the threshold of becoming urban centers, providing a glimpse of American growth happening away from cattle herds and sodbusters. San Antonio and Austin, Texas, are primary but not exclusive sets of the tableau. Thompson arrived in Austin in 1852, the nine-year-old son of English immigrants. By the time he was twenty-eight, his past included two murders, several assaults, service in two lost causes (the Confederacy and Maximilian’s army in Mexico) and a pardon from President Ulysses S. Grant releasing him from a Texas prison. He might also have been complicit in the 1865 state treasury heist. Thompson left prison to start anew as part owner of a saloon in Abilene, Kansas, where, in 1871, one of his business partners confronted city marshal “Wild” Bill Hickok and died in the ensuing fracas. Thompson returned to Austin, where his “sporting” lifestyle thrust him into several rows. During an 1876 brawl at Austin’s Capital Theater, Thompson’s intervention to protect a friend resulted in the death of a shotgun-wielding assailant. Three years later at Leadville, Colorado, Thompson joined Sheriff Bat Masterson’s private army in a railroad right-of-way dispute. Breaking his lawless pattern, however, Thompson won election as Austin’s city marshal from 1880 to 1882. Journalists at the Texas Siftings proclaimed him “the best city marshal in Texas to-day” (375), even if he did shoot up the Congress Avenue newspaper office of the Austin Daily Statesman. A January 1880 incident planted the seeds of Thompson’s violent end when he entered the Vaudeville Theater to reclaim at gunpoint collateral he had left as security for a gambling loan. Prominent San Antonio gambler and co-owner of the Vaudeville, Jack Harris, became enraged, vowing retribution. Two years later, Thompson returned, and Harris attempted to kill him from a concealed alcove. Harris died in the shootout, and a jury found that Thompson had acted in self-defense, creating a sensational story across the country and burnishing his reputation as a shootist. The [End Page 473] verdict for Thompson’s acquittal, however, had probably set into motion forces for revenge on a Tuesday night in March 1884. Portrait of a Gunfighter works well as a biography and as a history of Old West towns and frontier justice. While Thompson’s career ended in San Antonio, he lived in Austin, for which the book could work as a historical tourist guide; the old city map on page 394 is keyed to incidents in this book. Readers will want to browse the endnotes, where anecdotal comments enrich the narrative drawn from primary documents, census data, websites, interviews, newspaper archives, and secondary articles. Thompson’s murder in the Vaudeville Theater ended a lifetime of dangerous habits. He was a complex figure. He was a British import. He gambled, played the banjo, wrote poetry, and owned a sailboat. He was soft spoken, well groomed, and fearless. Mostly, however, he was a shootist who preferred single-action to double-action pistols because double action guns were, he insisted, unreliable. Visitors to Austin’s Oakwood Cemetery can visit his gravesite, which bears the wrong birth date. (He probably would not like that.) Bob Cavendish Buda, Texas Copyright © 2019 The Texas State Historical Association...

Assessment of Diet and Physical Activity Correlation with BMI

Assessment of Diet and Physical Activity Correlation with BMI Objectives: • To evaluate the impact of long working hours on diet and physical activity • To find out the relationship between diets, physical activity and BMI of officials having long work hours. Methodology: It’s a Cross sectional study carried out over the period of 2 months in different private sector offices. The targeted population was officials of 20-45 years of age having more than 48 hr of work a week for last 5 year. Sample size of 100 officials was selected. Officials were selected through randomized sampling Officials more than 45 yrs of age with documented diagnosis of chronic diseases were excluded to avoid disparity in results. Data was collected from Allied Bank of Pakistan (Lahore), Faysal Bank Ltd. (Lahore), Nawa-i-Waqt Newspaper Office (Lahore) with the help of structured questionnaire and anthropometric indices were calculated using standard tools for measuring height, weight and body mass index. Informed consent was taken prior to asking questions from respondent. Anonymity of the respondents was also guaranteed. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 17 and Microsoft Excel 2010. Result: Following results were obtained: Our sample comprises of 100 subjects 80 out of which are male and 20 females.80%of the population have a post-graduation degree, 15% are graduates and 5% are undergraduates.51%of the population has homemade meal for lunch while 49% eat bakery item and visit restaurants out of which 37% of the population go to restaurants more the twice a week.83% of the officials have no physical activity. While 9% have light physical activity. 32% of the population has a BMI greater than normal limits(18.50-24.99).60% of population who don’t have lunch has a BMI within normal limits(18.50-24.99).subject having homemade lunch 52% of them has BMI in normal limits (18.50- 24.99) while people having lunch at cafeteria and restaurants 41% of them has BMI above the normal limit. Population having junk food more than twice a week 32% of them has BMI above normal limits. Conclusion: Majority of the officials don’t indulged in any kind of physical activity and if done it is not up to the standard criteria leading to increased BMI. The BMI & dietary habits on other hand depict healthy life styles adopted by most of them.

Benjamin Fagan. The Black Newspaper and the Chosen Nation.

Benjamin Fagan bases The Black Newspaper and the Chosen Nation on the primary narrative thread of black chosenness. He defines and defends this premise as a connecting theme present in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century African American newspapers. Working from this standpoint, Fagan pinpoints black newspaper publishers, several of whom were ministers, as the proponents of his black chosenness argument. The author also advances a secondary theme, arguing that a black nation existed within the American nation through the auspices of black newspaper articles and editorials. According to Fagan, the black chosen nation was alternately the New Israel, Babylon, or the wilderness, depending on the timing of the Civil War years (before, during, and after) and the readership of the individual black newspapers. Fagan’s unique text, which includes comparative American literature excerpts and biblical illustrations, primarily focuses on five African American periodicals, four printed in New York and one published in Canada. The author begins his study of black newspapers and black newspapermen by looking at Freedom’s Journal, America’s original African American paper, and its co-founders, the Reverend Samuel Cornish and the abolitionist John Brown Russworm. Fagan argues that the goal of their newspaper was to bring the Lord’s word to black readers by educating them in the social proprieties of white elite society. The author interprets Cornish’s didactic editorials as tutorials on “how to act chosen” (22). Expounding on this idea, Fagan uses biblical passages to suggest that Frederick Douglass’s North Star newspaper had the same intent: promotion of the black chosen nation. The author cites Douglass’s reporting of the French Revolution of 1848 as an example of the renowned abolitionist disagreeing with American exceptionalism but still supporting black chosenness. Fagan deduces that the North Star offered proof of the chosen black prophecy of deliverance, similar to the Israelites fighting against their Egyptian oppressors. The author insists that the North Star showed an interest in successful European revolutionary strategies in France and the British West Indies because it wanted to imitate these uprisings in slave-owning oppressive America. Fagan makes transnational connections throughout the pages of the North Star, including the formatting of newspaper columns and the ancestry of Douglass’s Scottish printer. The author, clarifying his black nation theme with examples of scripture, determines that the North Star had “uncoupled the promise of black chosenness from American identity” (94). Fagan could have strengthened this engaging historical position by situating the North Star’s Rochester newspaper office inside its western New York burned-over district. Free Soil Party newspapers, such as the Seneca County Courier, a paper Douglass supported because of its antislavery, temperance, and pro–woman’s rights stance, could have offered further contemporary interpretations of black chosenness.

Apocalyptic Conversion in a Sacramental World: The Meeting of Heaven and Earth in Chesterton's The Ball and the Cross

Apocalyptic Conversion in a Sacramental WorldThe Meeting of Heaven and Earth in Chesterton's The Ball and the Cross Marisa Pierson (bio) G. K. Chesterton's 1922 reception into the Roman Catholic Church took place after an extended, eventful process of conversion. As biographers and critics have related, this conversion involved a number of milestones, including Chesterton's embrace of "optimism" that occurred after his experience at the Slade School of Art from 1892–1895 and his acceptance of Christianity as expressed in the Apostles' Creed, which he discusses in his 1908 Orthodoxy.1 A smaller but also significant milestone can be identified in the publication of Chesterton's third novel, The Ball and the Cross, in which a Roman Catholic character and Atheist fight a duel with swords and words. The story ends with the Atheist's conversion. As Adam Schwartz has suggested, this novel clearly indicates "Chesterton's attraction to Roman Catholicism."2 Indeed, the years surrounding his composition of The Ball and the Cross were a crucial period in the author's conversion, in terms of both personal development and public perception of his views. The first eight chapters were serialized in The Commonwealth from 1905–1906, and the novel was published as a whole in 1909. Ian Ker reports that in this same year, Chesterton told his friend Fr. O'Connor that he had made up his mind to become Catholic but was [End Page 66] waiting to take the final step because of his wife.3 Chesterton's intention, although deferred, became so apparent after the publication of The Ball and the Cross and Orthodoxy that several of his contemporaries thought he had already entered the Catholic Church.4 Although some critics, such as Schwartz and William Oddie, have noted the connection between The Ball and the Cross and Chesterton's own conversion, there have been no comprehensive studies of how conversion functions within the thematic and structural composition of the novel.5 The central aim of my essay is to argue that thematic and structural elements of The Ball and the Cross create and reflect a certain model of conversion, a model that I will describe as an apocalyptic meeting between heaven and earth. My analysis will show that Chesterton's novel, which marks an important phase in his own conversion, informs and is informed by an idea of conversion that reveals a fundamental element of his worldview: by the time he wrote The Ball and the Cross, Chesterton had come to understand the world as sacramental, that is, as a world in which material things signify the presence of divine realities—a world in which earth and heaven are inextricably entwined. In The Ball and the Cross, the sacramental relationship between the earthly and the heavenly is also connected to the Apocalypse, that fearful yet fulfilling clash between earth and heaven in which the destruction of the old world will make way for "a new heaven and a new earth."6 As Chesterton tells a story of conversion in The Ball and the Cross, his creation of a sacramental vision works together with his literary echoes of the Apocalypse. This story of conversion begins with the meeting of two oppositional characters who represent contradictory views of earthly and heavenly realities. James Turnbull, a humanistic Atheist, believes only in the material world, whereas Evan MacIan, a Roman Catholic, focuses almost completely on the supernatural. As the story goes on, it becomes clear that both men are in need of conversion regarding these views, although Turnbull requires a more drastic change than MacIan. When the two meet at the beginning of Chesterton's novel, their differences lead them to engage in what the author described in [End Page 67] his 1936 Autobiography as "a duel about the collision of blasphemy and worship."7 MacIan reads a profane article about the Virgin Mary displayed in the window of Turnbull's newspaper office; he then breaks the window and challenges the atheist to a duel. A large part of The Ball and the Cross portrays these two men as they seek to complete their duel while being pursued by the authorities, who endeavor to suppress...

History of Journalism Education

From its beginning, American journalism has been anchored in both the printing trades and the world of intellectuals who recognized the value of newspapers in shaping public opinion. These dual origins influenced the debate over journalism education from the mid-nineteenth century. News professionals and university educators pondered whether journalists needed to be college-educated, whether they needed a liberal arts degree, or whether they needed professional education that combined liberal arts and practical training. These debates were complex and political, representing issues of localism versus nationalism, the role of professional schools within the American university, and the rise of social science. The tension between educating reporters and editors to improve the quality of journalism or contribute to a democracy versus training them to function efficiently in a newspaper office—or any media environment—continues today.

Colonial Feminism and Australian Literary Culture in Ethel and Lilian Turner's the Parthenon (1889–92)

The Parthenon is a unique example of a colonial Australian magazine published for girl readers by two aspirant writers, Ethel and Lilian Turner. In addition to its domestic content, typical of women's magazines, it also sought to contribute to nascent Australian literary culture. This article locates the Parthenon within the history of colonial women's publishing and literary culture, and situates its content within the context of the Woman Movement of the period. It reads the Parthenon's telling picture of young women's perceptions of colonial literary culture and of the need to balance literary aspirations with domestic responsibilities through the lens of the “expediency feminism” advocated by the Dawn, a women's magazine published by Louisa Lawson from 1888. The article argues that the Parthenon's superficially conservative opinion of women's supreme calling being in the home rather than the newspaper office or university library was in alignment with the arguments made by the Woman Movement to advocate for women's greater participation in the public sphere. The comparison of these contemporaneous monthly publications written and produced by women enables an understanding of the ways in which late nineteenth-century attempts to encourage women's careers and independence were grounded in domesticity.

개항기(1876~1894) 서울의 자본주의 도시화와 사회적 갈등

Seoul had become a center of modernization policy that the government carried out, and an aggressive foothold of foreign power after open port to foreign vessel in 1876. Modern urbanization had been advanced at the same time, in Seoul. <BR> Urbanization of Seoul that was proceeded under capitalistic world system caused big change in traditional city structure, and constructed base that was reorganized into capitalistic urban space. The modernization policy of government had been proceeded in<BR>Bukchon(北村, north village) that was the center of politics, economy and society in Seoul. On the other hand, foreign nation legations was located in Namchon(南村, south village) that was the unimportant area of Seoul. Namchon started arising as the center of politics, diplomacy and economy by depending on foreign power.<BR> The resistance and conflicts of Seoul residents about capitalistic urbanization had been mixed with the anti-modernization and anti-aggression. The first modern city project was discontinued in opposition of the residents and political attacks. When the army insurrection in 1882 and Gapsin coup. in 1884 happened, Seoul residents attacked the Japanese legation, Vaccinia place, photo studio, newspaper office, etc. The conflict of capitalistic urbanization was concentrated in the central part(中部) and Namchon. <BR> Other various resistance that had happened in seoul at that time was concentrated to central part and east part(東部). It was because that central part was badly damaged in economy, east part was estranged thoroughly from modernization and urbanization process.

How are we doing?

A rabbinical story tells about an angry reader who stormed into a newspaper office waving the day's paper, asking to see the editor of the obituary column.

Making Space for a New Medium: On the Use of Electronic Mail in a Newspaper Newsroom

Within the field of computer-supported cooperative work, there are a continuously growing number of studies of the use of electronic media in groups and organisations. Despite the existence of this impressive body of research, there have been comparatively few in-depth studies of how the computer as a medium of communication is integrated in specific professional practices. The present study examines the role of electronic mail in a medium-sized Swedish newspaper office (newsroom) environment. Using an ethnographic perspective, the study attempts to combine two approaches: it is both focused on the social and communicative processes that are affected by the use of email and oriented toward the messages as such, looking at what kind of interaction is produced through particular email exchanges. Data have been collected during repeated observations, interviews and study of documents and artefacts in the newsroom environment over a period of almost 3 years. The picture that has emerged suggests that it is not the medium as such, but its interaction with other contextual preconditions that is decisive for the effects of the introduction of email. Important factors are the physical localization of co-workers in the near and remote editorial environment as well as their organisational roles in the time-critical news production process. Together, these relationships create a significantly more complex picture than previous studies of what happens when a new communication technology is introduced.

"In painted chambers loaded with tilebooks"

"In painted chambers loaded with tilebooks" Richard Bliss (bio) An obscure allusion made by Stephen in the library scene in Ulysses has not been previously identified. When placed in its original context, the mysterious remark, "[i]n painted chambers loaded with tilebooks" (U 9.354-55), highlights how unhappy Stephen is.1 It confirms that he is, in William Empson's words, "in a terrible condition, near the edge of madness or of crime."2 As his agile mind tosses around images associated with ancient Egypt, Stephen repeats a phrase heard earlier in the newspaper office—"And I heard the voice of that Egyptian highpriest" (U 9.353-54)— and follows it with an exotic fragment from Richard Jefferies's The Story of My Heart: My Autobiography.3 The entire lavish sentence from Jefferies reads: "Remember Nineveh and the cult of the fir-cone, the turbaned and bearded bulls of stone, the lion hunt, the painted chambers loaded with tile books, the lore of the arrow-headed writing" (101-02). The tilebooks, then, are Assyrian antiquities,4 clay tablets marked with cuneiform inscriptions that represent an early achievement of literacy. Jefferies's oracular tone (a constant in his work) makes the comparison with a highpriest appropriate, but the quotation only resonates when read in its original context. Jefferies's theme, often repeated in his essays, is the contrast between the dismal mechanistic modern urban world and the temporary peace he gains by visits to the British Museum and the National Gallery in London. But such respites are temporary and always end with feelings of despair and futility. His studies prompt the question: "Can any creed, philosophy, system, or culture endure the test and remain unmolten in this fierce focus of human life?" (101). He answers with a resounding "no," and his examples include the "tile books" ("an utter nothing"—102), the "papyri of ancient, ancient Egypt" ("Nothing; absolutely nothing!"—101) and the "aged caves of India" ("The indistinguishable noise not to be resolved, born of the human struggle, mocks in answer"—102). Having dismissed the historical emergence of culture and literacy, he declares western philosophy from Aristotle and Plato to the present day to be "useless alike" (103). Such cultural Luddism is breathtaking in its scope but at least supports Jefferies's transcendent view that "[t]he sun was stronger than science; the hills more than philosophy" (23) and that one could establish a redeeming pantheistic [End Page 129] rapport with nature. Whatever appeal such rapport had for Stephen at one time, he now only hears the oracle of despair. Stephen's initial thoughts in this passage center on images of ancient Egypt. He describes the books in the library as "[c]offined thoughts … in mummycases, embalmed in spice of words" (U 9.352-53). Jefferies's passage also invokes ancient Egypt, so the question arises: why does Stephen change the subject to ancient Assyria? The simple bleakness of the image of the clay tablets may explain his decision, but Jefferies's section about Egypt that he avoids is suggestive: "is there anything slowly painted on the once mystic and now commonplace papyri of ancient, ancient Egypt, held on the mummy's withered breast? In that elaborate ritual, in the procession of the symbols, in the winged circle, in the laborious sarcophagus?" (101). The image of the dead body holding a book to its withered breast in the context of the funereal rituals described in the Egyptian Book of the Dead is all too pointed for Stephen, beset as he is by his mother's recent death. Richard Bliss Richard Bliss has written articles on James Joyce as well as contemporary fiction for The Threepenny Review and other periodicals. Notes Footnotes 1. In "Ulysses" Annotated: Notes for James Joyce's "Ulysses," rev. ed. (Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1988), p. 217, Don Gifford and Robert J. Seidman resignedly gloss the line in the following: "Apparently a quotation, source unknown." 2. William Empson, Using Biography (Cambridge: Harvard Univ. Press, 1990), p. 204. 3. Richard Jefferies, The Story of My Heart: My Autobiography (London: Longmans, Green, 1898). Further references will be cited parenthetically in the text. Jefferies (1848-1887), the last Victorian...

The Research of the Shen Newspaper Office(申報館)’s Novel Collecting Activity

The Research of the Shen Newspaper Office(申報館)’s Novel Collecting Activity

Journalist Joyce: A Portrait

he newspaper office and the world of the press and journalism were important to Joyce. Besides Leopold Bloom, other of Joyce's characters such as Robert Hand, Stephen Dedalus, and Gabriel Conroy all have connections to newspapers. Several scenes in Joyce's fiction can be traced directly to his experiences working in or visiting newspaper offices. Joyce was attracted to the world of newspapers and the profession of being a journalist because they connected him to the emerging and increasingly influential world of mass communication.