Newman's Method Research Articles

Student Mistakes In Solving SPLDV Story Problems: An Analysis Based On Newman's Procedure

This study seeks to characterize the categories of errors students make when solving SPLDV word problems using Newman's method. Descriptive qualitative research methods are employed. This study was conducted in class VIII A at SMP Negeri 4 Touluaan during the even semester of the academic year 2021-2022. The research participants were fifteen students. Then, a test comprised of SPLDV story questions was administered to collect data. The test results were then used to select 5 students at random for interviews, based on their distinct errors. The obtained data was analyzed using the following steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. Most of the class VIIIA students at SMP N 4 Touluaan made reading errors (4.44%), understanding errors (13.33%), transformation errors (26.66%), process skills errors (48.88%), and mnemonic skills errors (68.88%).

IMPLEMENTATION OF NEWMAN METHOD FOR ANALYZING STUDENT ERRORS IN SOLVING HOTS TYPE MATH PROBLEMS

Critical thinking ability is one of the skills required for study, but in reality, the thinking ability of Indonesian students is still very low. Students' problem-solving skills in math classes, especially HOTS problems, have weaker developmental abilities, leading to difficulties and mistakes in solving problems in the form of stories.The purpose of the study was to describe the mistakes students make when using the Newman method to solve HOTS-type math problems. This study used qualitative and descriptive methods. The subjects of this study were 13 students in twelve classes of senior high school. Data collection techniques in the form of tests, interviews, and documents. Data validity using triangulation methods using interviews, observations, and survey methods.The results showed working on the problem of three-dimensional material stories, and statistical percentage of errors was mostly done at the writing stage of the final answer with a percentage of 90.38. followed by misrepresenting with a percentage of 61.53%, then transformation errors and process errors with a percentage of 23.07%, and error reading problems as much as 1.85%.

Hydrodynamic force acted on a solid translating in nonuniform stream

To predict the effect of the uniform gradient stream, the hydrodynamic force acting on a translating solid is studied following the Newman method. Some new hydrodynamic force formulas that are valid in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional flow are proposed. A new and efficient velocity-vector based method is proposed to compute the added mass that is required in the new formulas. Abundant numerical examples are designed to check the correctness of the new formulas and the validity of the Newman hypothesis adopted during the proof. Comparison with classical results shows that the formula proposed by Taylor and Newman are only two special cases of the present study. Comparison with some recent studies are also studied and their rationality is analyzed.

Analysis of Student Error in Statistical Subject: A Case Study for Online Learning

Statistics is a core subject for most courses at the university level. Most students apply statistics in producing final-year projects. During the period of online learning, it was found that student's performance in this subject has decreased. Therefore, this study was conducted to descriptively examine the errors committed by students in the subject of statistics. A total of 54 students in the semester of October - February 2021 who took statistic subjects were involved in this study. Data were obtained from the online final assessment. This study focused on the topic of hypothesis based on the mean of the lowest scores obtained. Each student's answer sheet was checked and reviewed for their mistakes using the Newman method. The results of the study discovered that majority of the students could not understand the requirements of the questions related to the hypothesis test. This led them to make other mistakes including transformation and process skills. Lecturers need to focus on these errors and use teaching and learning methods more effectively. Indirectly, mastery in the field of statistics can be improved to a more excellent level.

ANALISIS KESULITAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIS SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BENTUK ALJABAR DENGAN PROSEDUR NEWMAN

Algebra is essential to learning mathematics and as a basis to support another mathematical concept. On the other hand, students have not fully mastered the concept of algebra which causes errors in solving problems. This qualitative research aims to describe students' misconceptions in solving algebraic questions based on the Newman method to understand mathematical concepts. The data were taken from six eighth-grade students at SMP N 1 Turi consisting of high, medium, and low abilities. The results of the analysis showed that the students did not make reading errors. Meanwhile, the misunderstanding of the question's students did not write down the information in the questions. It was because students were not used to writing what was known and asked in the questions. Students do not write down the strategies used, so that transformation errors are found. Errors in student process skills do not complete. The cause of this is an error in determining information on the questions and difficulties in solving them. The mistakes made by students in writing the final answer were not reporting the units and conclusions from the results of the solutions.

Centrality of a communication network of construction project participants and implications for improved project communication

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to use a social network analysis of a construction project’s participants to identify key participants using centrality measures and identify communities of participants in the network. This article analyses the communication network of a construction project that consists of 34 participants. Analysis of four centrality measures of the network’s nodes showed that there was a significant information load for a few key participants. The Eigenvector Centrality was chosen as the most appropriate basic measure of centrality because it takes into account the neighbouring nodes’ level of importance. The Louvain clustering method was found to be more effective than the Girvan–Newman method. The Louvain algorithm divided the project communication network into three communities, in which the participants are interconnected by the technological processes and the work performed. A hypothetical example is presented of how the clustering technique can be used to improve project communication. Adding a ‘Project Manager Assistant’ was selected for addition, and assumptions made to demonstrate how the load might be reduced and effectiveness assessed. These methods of assessing centrality and clustering show potential in project management to analyse a real communication network and when making managerial decisions.

KESALAHAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL STATISTIKA TIPE HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS

This study aims to inform student errors in solving statistical problems type HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills). There are five varians students ability, that are very high, high, medium, low, and very low. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. Subjects in the study involved 36 high school students. The object of this research is the students' errors in solving HOTS type statistical problems. Data collection tecniques used are test tecniques and direct communication teniques (interviews). The results resreach obtained are 3 students with very high ability, 12 students with high ability, 10 students with moderate ability, 6 students with low ability, and 5 students with very low ability to solve statistical problems in the HOTS type. Analytical framework for exposing errors using the Newman method. While the data analysis technique uses qualitative data analysis of Miles and Huberman. Whereas the errors made by students are reading errors (R), comprehension errors (C), transformation errors (T), process skill errors (P), encoding errors (E). The mistakes most students make are process skills errors and encoding errors.Keywords: Error, Higher Order Thinking Skills, Statistika

THE DIFFICULTIES OF FIFTH GRADE STUDENTS IN SOLVING MATHEMATIC FRACTIONS WORD PROBLEMS

Mathematics is often become the frightening subjects for students. Mathematics is considered as something which is difficult to solve. One of the elementary schools mathematics materials which is considered difficult is fractions. Not only students who consider fractions as difficult material but also teachers admit it as well. Teachers feel difficult in teaching fractions to students. Basic concept of fractions which is difficult for the student to grasp, would become even more complex if it is delivered in the form of word problem. In solving word problems students do not only need mathematic skills but also language skills. This research is aimed to analyze students learning difficulties in solving fractions word problem. This research is a qualitative research. The method of analysis used in this research is Newman method. The results of the research show that students faced difficulties in solving fractions word problems because (1) it is difficult for the students to understand the question and to translate it into mathematical sentence, (2) it is difficult for the students to determine the operation used in the word problems, (3) students are not accustomed to, thus they forget to write the conclusion/write the conclusion without the unit in every answers.

Comparison of existing methods for the calculation of the infinite water depth free-surface Green function for the wave–structure interaction problem

In this study, the mathematical expressions and numerical methods for the free-surface Green function of the linearized wave–structure problem in deep water and in the frequency domain are investigated. Twelve different expressions are reviewed and analyzed. All these expressions are exact mathematical solutions for the propagation of waves from a pulsating source located in the fluid domain. However, their numerical evaluation is challenging. Dedicated numerical methods have been developed. They include series expansions, polynomials, table interpolations, multipole expansions, approximations with elementary functions, etc. In this work, four methods were implemented: the Newman's method [1], the Delhommeau's method [2], the Telste-Noblesse's method [3] and the Wu et al.'s method [4]. Their CPU time and accuracy are compared. It is found that the average computational time for Newman's method is 5.745 × 10−7. It is 5.782 × 10−8 for the Delhommeau's method. For Telste-Noblesse's method and Wu et al.'s methods, they are 4.642 × 10−8 and 1.491 × 10−9, respectively. The accuracy is respectively 6D(6 decimals), 5D and 3D for the Newman's method, the Telste-Noblesse's method and the Wu et al.'s method. For the Delhommeau's method, it is 3D except when the vertical coordinate is close to 0. The accuracy of the Delhommeau's method can be increased significantly by refining the discretization of the space variables for the tabulated functions and by using higher interpolation methods, at cost of increased computational time.

Simulation of the Propagation of Circumferential Crack in the Cylindrical Element Structure Exposed to Cyclic Loadings

The purpose of these studies was to work out the methods for the computation of crack development in the plate and axisymmetric elements of structures at cyclic loading for the plasto-elastic arrangement using the conception of the accumulation of scattered damages in the material. In the domain in question, we simulated the processes of alternating-sign plasto-elastic deformation and the material crack resistance was estimated using the fatigue test data for smooth specimens. Thermal and elastically-deformed states of the structure were determined for different loading modes using the finite elements method. The material damageability was assessed for the curves of low-cycle fatigue and for the range of plasto-elastic deformations on the route of probable crack propagation using the hypothesis of linear summation. As soon as a critical value of the damageability is achieved the crack is propagated stepwise for the specified step. As an example, consideration was given to the kinetics of circumferential crack in the cylindrical element exposed to the axial-symmetric cyclic loading. The contact of crack edges was taken into consideration for compressing loading semicycles. The obtained data agree with the data obtained using the Newman method. The suggested technique can be used for the estimation of survivability of the elements of steam turbines (heat rotor grooves at start-up-stop modes, blade and disk interlocks, etc.).

A new method for production data analysis in shale gas reservoirs

For most shale gas wells, frequent shut-ins and nozzle size changing often occur, leading to significant discontinuities in production data. This study proposes a new production data analysis (PDA) method to address the abrupt change issue based on the virtual equivalent time. With the virtual equivalent time, the qualities of type curve matching and production data analysis can be improved when there are abrupt changes in production data. The mathematical model with a variable flow rate provides new definitions of normalized pseudopressure and pseudotime with consideration of the pressure dependent permeability for multi-fractured horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs. Subsequently, the virtual equivalent time is calculated based on the average formation pressure to consider the abrupt changes of the production data, which also can reduce the time of superposition principle calculations. Duhamel's principle, Laplace transform and inversion, and Newman's method are employed to solve the PDA model, which is validated by analytical and numerical solutions. Then sensitivity analysis are performed on the dimensionless constrained axial modulus, which shows that the larger the dimensionless constrained axial modulus, the lower and later the curves. Finally, a field case study is carried out using the proposed method. The results show that by using the virtual equivalent time, the matching qualities are good, and the issue caused by abrupt changes is satisfactorily addressed. Therefore, it has great potential for estimating the formation parameters and predicting the well production performance more effectively and practically.

Degree of tinnitus improvement with stapes surgery - a review.

IntroductionOtospongiosis is temporal bone osteodystrophy, characterized by disordered bone resorption and neoformation in genetically predisposed individuals. Clinically, otospongiosis is characterized by progressive conductive and/or mixed hearing loss and by tinnitus.ObjectiveA review of the last two decades of publications that report the degree of tinnitus improvement with stapes surgery.Methods125 articles published in the last 20 years mentioning the relationship between otosclerosis and tinnitus. Literature has always shown that the hearing improvement after stapes surgery was the main result sought and found. However, recent articles has reinforced the need for surgery for the tinnitus improvement. The ideal time to assess tinnitus through different scales is in the sixth month post-operative. The estimated average hearing improvement is 93% and tinnitus is 85.52%.ResultsSummaries of 12 articles were reviewed which fulfilled the search criteria of the survey, and 8 studies were included in the study according the selection criteria. This studies investigating the degree of tinnitus improvement with stapes surgery, using different scales as: tinnitus functional index, visual analog scale, tinnitus functional index and visual analog scale, visual analog scale and “questionnaire asking about tinnitus”, Newman's method and Tinnitus Score Advocated by the Japan Audiological Society. The total of the samples of the evaluated articles was of 254 participants.ConclusionWe conclude that stapes surgery is effective for the treatment of tinnitus (average improvement is 85.52%), and hearing loss (average improvement is 93%). When deciding about the surgical indication in patients with otosclerosis, the presence and level tinnitus should be considered as well as the level of hearing.

Possibility of Indexing Related Home Appliances using Weighted Newman Method from Indoor Information

Possibility of Indexing Related Home Appliances using Weighted Newman Method from Indoor Information

Pulse Polarization for Li-Ion Battery under Constant State of Charge: Part I. Pulse Discharge Experiments

Given the increased dependence on battery-powered devices, it is necessary to develop new and robust methods to evaluate and predict battery performance and state of charge. Batteries, including Li-Ion batteries, are unsteady state systems and a need exists to evaluate performance under constant state of charge (SOC). The purpose of this work was to develop pulse polarization curves (PPC) for a Li-Ion battery under constant SOC in order to identify individual overvoltages, such as charge transfer kinetics and mass transport, and their SOC dependence. Consequently, we elected to conduct pulse discharges at various duration and discharge current densities, under well maintained SOCs. Based on the results we were able to construct pulse polarization curves for constant SOCs of 10, 40 and 70% at various pulse durations of 2, 10 and 30 seconds. The experimentally obtained pulse polarizations suggest that the kinetic overpotential is captured in the 2 second pulse, while electrolyte Li+ concentration and Li solid state diffusion gradients are established in the 10 and 30 second pulse times, respectively. This allowed us to identify the individual overvoltages experimentally. An important consideration was that as the battery's SOC changes, the open circuit voltage (OCV) also changes. Therefore, the pulse discharge method we used needed to end at the same SOC in all cases to enable the construction of a PPC with the same OCV. To ensure that this method applied to various sizes and chemistries of batteries reliably, we ran pulse discharge experiments on a high Amp hour (15 Ah) large Li-Ion pouch battery (power) that used a NMC LMO cathode, as well as on a low Amp hour (0.04 Ah) small electrode coin battery (energy) with a CoO2 cathode. In a subsequent paper we employed the Newman method to model the pulse discharges, allowing prediction of the performance of Li-Ion batteries and constructing their PPCs under constant SOC.

Acid-catalyzed carboxylic acid esterification and ester hydrolysis mechanism: acylium ion as a sharing active intermediate via a spontaneous trimolecular reaction based on density functional theory calculation and supported by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.

By DFT calculation, we found that acid-catalyzed carboxylic acid esterification and ester hydrolysis are brief two-step reactions. First, the carboxylic acid hydroxyl-oxygen or ester alkyl-oxygen is protonated, which generates a highly active acylium ion. The protonation requires an activation energy (Ea) of 4-10 kcal mol(-1), and is the rate-controlling step of the esterification or hydrolysis. Sequentially, the acylium ion spontaneously reacts with two alcohol or two water molecules to form a neutral product molecule; this is a trimolecular reaction. The acylium ion is the highly active intermediate shared by esterification and hydrolysis. ESI-MS data for several typical carboxylic acids confirmed that their acylium ions are easily generated. For 2,4,6-trialkylbenzoic acid and its ester, the two unsubstituted carbons in the benzene ring are very easily protonated, and we have thus revealed the root of the success of Newman's method. Based on these results, the popular esterification and hydrolysis mechanism in organic chemistry textbooks is incorrect.

Simulation of crack growth in the compressor blade subjected to resonant vibration using hybrid method

This paper presents results of crack growth analysis of an aero-engine compressor blade subjected to resonant vibration. In the work an original hybrid method were used for crack dynamic estimation. Proposed procedure connects three methods: analytical, numerical and experimental fatigue analysis of the blade tested in high cycle fatigue conditions. During investigations only first mode of transverse vibration was considered. In first step of analysis the stress intensity factor for the simplified model of blade with half-elliptical crack was calculated using Raju–Newman method. Crack dimensions and crack location were determined on the base of experimental investigations. The bending stress used in Raju–Newman solution was computed for the real blade geometry using the finite element method. Stress intensity factor values were next used as an input data into Paris–Erdogan equation. As a result proposed hybrid analysis, the plot of crack length in function of number of load cycles for the compressor blade vibrating at constant amplitude was determined. Obtained results of simulation were finally compared with the results of the experimental crack growth analysis performed for the first stage compressor blade of helicopter turbo-engine.

A Parallel Computing Method for Community Structure Detection Based on BSP Model

Since the conventional algorithm for community structure detection in a stand-alone environment cannot handle the giant network whose number of nodes is more than 10 5 , and the widely used MapReduce method has a limitation on dealing with excessive I/O operations during the iterative process, an efficient parallel computing method based on BSP (Bulk Synchronous Parallel) model for detecting community structure is proposed in this paper. The Fast Newman method is improved into parallel calculations with multiple steps under the framework of BSP model. It is more efficient to discover community structures in the large scale network. In order to testify the performance of the proposed method, a hama platform was built up on the same cluster of the hadoop platform. And a dataset, at a scale of 10 6 , was also simulated for the experiments. It is approved that the proposed method is not only able to solve the issue of memory overrun in the conventional calculation on a stand-alone computer, but also to improve the performance effectively comparing to the MapReduce model. The proposed method has high practical value in large scale networks.

Closed walks for community detection

In this paper, we propose a novel measure that integrates both the concept of closed walks and clustering coefficients to replace the edge betweenness in the well-known divisive hierarchical clustering algorithm, the Girvan and Newman method (GN). The edges with the lowest value are removed iteratively until the network is degenerated into isolated nodes. The experimental results on computer generated networks and real-world networks showed that our method makes a better tradeoff of accuracy and runtime. Based on the analysis of the results, we observe that the nontrivial closed walks of order three and four can be considered as the basic elements in constructing community structures. Meanwhile, we discover that those nontrivial closed walks outperform trivial closed walks in the task of analyzing the structure of networks. The double peak structure problem is mentioned in the last part of the article. We find that our proposed method is a novel way to solve the double peak structure problem. Our work can provide us with a new perspective for understanding community structure in complex networks.

Identifying functionally connected habitat compartments with a novel regionalization technique

Landscape ecologists have increasingly turned to the use of landscape graphs in which a landscape is represented as a set of nodes (habitat patches) connected by links representing inter-patch-dispersal. This study explores the use of a graph-based regionalization method, Graph-based REgionalization with Clustering And Partitioning (GraphRECAP), to detect structural groups of habitat patches (compartments) in a landscape graph such that the connections (i.e. the movement of individual organisms) within the groups are greater than those across groups. Specifically, we mapped compartments using habitat and dispersal data for ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) in an agricultural landscape in southern Madagascar using both GraphRECAP and the widely-used Girvan and Newman method. Model performance was evaluated by comparing compartment characteristics and three measures of network connectivity and traversability: the connection strength of habitat patches in the compartments (modularity), the potential ease of individual organism movements (Harary index), and the degree of alternative route presence (Alpha index). Compartments identified by GraphRECAP had stronger within-compartment connections, greater traversability, more alternative routes, and a larger minimum number of habitat patches within compartments, all of which are more desirable traits for ecological networks. Our method could thus facilitate the study of ecosystem resilience and the design of nature reserves and landscape networks to promote the landscape-scale dispersal of species in the fragmented habitats.

Determination of Hemp Crystallinity by Different Evaluation Method

This paper used X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine the crystallinity of hemp fiber. The results show that the order of crystallinity is Segal method > Peak deconvolution method > Newman method > Infrared spectroscopy method. Both empirical formula and peak deconvolution method lead to deviation of crystallinity value. However, there is a less inaccuracy in peak deconvolution than empirical formula and could get detailed crystal parameters. Therefore, peak deconvolution method is more suitable than empirical formula for determination of crystallinity of hemp fiber.