New Oral Drugs Research Articles

An analysis of multiple comparisons is conducted to account for correlations among various investigated variables across four categories of antipsychotics

Background: First-generation antipsychotics are dopamine receptor antagonists, while second-generation atypical antipsychotics are serotonin-dopamine antagonists. Aim: The study aims to compare the effectiveness of current anti-psychotic drugs in treating schizophrenia, focusing on their correlation with responsiveness rates in positive, negative, and psychopathological symptoms. Methods: The study focuses on schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in adults and elderly psychiatric patients at the Princess Aisha Bint Al Hussein Medical Centre. The study will assess the initial severity of patients and evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of four categorical-based oral and LA-APDs: older oral drugs, older oral and depot drugs, newer oral drugs, and newer oral and depot drugs. The reduction percentages in each component will be monitored, and a Chi Square test will be performed to analyze other variables. Pearson or spearman correlations will be used to explore correlation values. Results: Upon aggregating the various symptom categories into a unified score using the Positive and Negative Scoring Scale (PANSS), this study revealed that 63.7% of patients exhibited a positive response, whereas 36.7% of patients did not respond favourably. This equated to 110 out of 303 patients responding, compared to 193 patients who did not respond. The Pearson and Spearman correlations exhibited a statistically significant positive relationship, with values of +0.581±0.038 and +0.574±0.040, respectively (χ 2=131.885, p-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our study concluded that Psychopathological symptom therapy and patient adherence improved significantly. The efficiency of pleasant symptoms decreased significantly, whereas negative symptoms increased slightly.

The effect of iron chelation therapy on overall survival in sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia: A systematic review.

Red blood cell transfusions have become standard of care for the prevention of life-threatening anemia in patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). However, frequent transfusions can lead to accumulation of iron that can result in liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Iron chelation therapy has been shown to reduce serum ferritin levels and liver iron content, but limitations of trial design have prevented any demonstration of improved survival. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of iron chelation therapy on overall and event-free survival in patients with β-thalassemia and SCD. Eighteen articles discussing survival in β-thalassemia and 3 in SCD were identified. Overall iron chelation therapy resulted in better overall survival, especially if it is instituted early and compliance is maintained. Comparative studies did not show any significant differences between available iron chelation agents, although there is evidence that deferiprone is better tolerated than deferoxamine and that compliance is more readily maintained with the newer oral drugs, deferiprone and deferasirox. Iron chelation therapy, particularly the second-generation oral agents, appears to be associated with improved overall and event-free survival in transfusion-dependent patients with β-thalassemia and patients with SCD.

Adverse drug reaction monitoring of newer oral anti-diabetic drugs - A pharmacovigilance perspective

Objective: To monitor and evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of newer oral anti-diabetic drugs in type II diabetics by spontaneous/solicited ADR monitoring. Material and methods: Two hundred and thirty two diabetic patients on newer oral antidiabetic drugs were evaluated prospectively in a cross-sectional study over a period of eighteen months. All patients were followed up for ADRs which were evaluated for incidence, frequency, severity and causality. ADR severity was graded according to University of Virginia Health System Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting program criteria and causality assessment was done using WHO-UMC scale. Results: 190 out of 232 patients (42 patients lost to follow up) were evaluated. ADRs were observed in 34 cases (17.9%). Most common ADRs were gastrointestinal (44.2%) followed by musculoskeletal (17.6%), metabolic (14.7%), infections (5.9%) and others (17.6%). The maximal frequency of ADRs was seen with sitagliptin (6.4%) followed by vildagliptin(3.8%), saxagliptin(2.7%), saroglitazar(2.1%), linagliptin(1.6%), canagliflozin(1.6%). 25(73.5%), 8(23.5%) and 1(3%) ADRs were mild, moderate and severe respectively. 24(70%) ADRs were classified as possible, 9(27%) probable and 1(3%) unlikely on causality assessment. Conclusion : Newer oral antidiabetic drugs like gliptins and SGLT-2 inhibitors have potential to cause ADRs. Gastro-intestinal, musculoskeletal, metabolic were most common ADRs. Active pharmacovigilance should be carried out for risk identification and management.

For Acute Venous Thromboembolism, Apixaban Compares Favorably with Conventional Treatment

Apixaban (Eliquis), a factor Xa inhibitor, is one of several new oral anticoagulation drugs that require no monitoring. In this industry-sponsored,

Advance in new oral drugs for multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and represents one of the most common causes of chronic neurologic disability. Until recently, major treatments have relied on agents by injection which can induce injection ⁃related adverse events. The parenteral route of administration may affect the compliance with therapy in multiple sclerosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of oral agents. The research of five oral drugs (cladribine, fingolimod, teriflunomide, laquinimod and dimethyl fumarate), is carrying out in Phase Ⅲ study. In this article, we review the undergoing clinical trials of these five oral agents. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.02.011

Atrial Fibrillation and Oral Anticoagulation in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Due to several unfavorable epidemiological changes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and treatment of its associated cardiovascular morbidity have become a worldwide problem. Thus, atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and frequently associated with renal impairment: prevalence for AF is up to 27% in long-term hemodialysis patients and in general more than 25% in all CKD patients 70 years and older. Thromboembolism and stroke are the major complications of AF. Two-year death rates for CKD patients after stroke range between 55% and 74%. Although treatment of AF in the general population is well defined, patients with CKD and AF are often undertreated due to lack of studies and guidelines. In this review recent data concerning incidence and prevalence of AF, stroke, and major bleedings in CKD patients are presented. Particular attention is paid to the available data about the different types of oral anticoagulation therapy with regard to CKD stage, including the new oral anticoagulant drugs dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban. Stratification algorithms for stroke risk in general, and individualized risk stratification for oral anticoagulation in CKD patients are discussed in detail.

TWO NEW ORAL DRUGS FOR ASTHMA

TWO NEW ORAL DRUGS FOR ASTHMA