Behavior Of Newcomers Research Articles

How Voice and Silence Develop in Newcomers: A Four-Wave Organizational Socialization Perspective

We develop and test a dynamic perspective into the ways in which voice behavior and employee silence develop in organizational newcomers. Unlike prior cross-sectional research, we focus on the differences in changes of voice behavior—distinguishing between promotive and prohibitive voice behavior—and employee silence. We suggest that these changes in employee voice and silence depend on the degree to which organizational newcomers understand and adjust to organizational norms, goals, and values (i.e., organizational socialization). We draw from multiple goal pursuit theory to substantiate our hypotheses which we test on 198 organizational newcomers across four waves of data. Using random coefficient growth models, we find employee voice and silence to develop along relatively independent trajectories and provide partial evidence for the influence of organizational socialization on these changes in newcomer behavior. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Comparing newcomer proactive behaviors: Direct inquiry and changing work procedures

Previous studies examining newcomer socialization have underlined the importance of proactive behaviors in aiding the adjustment of newcomers to an organization. However, few studies have focused on the effects of different types of proactive behaviors. In this study, we examine different proactive behaviors in the person-environment fit domain and investigate its impact on newcomer learning and ultimately newcomer performance and mental health. Specifically, we focus on direct inquiry and changing work procedure and propose that direct inquiry results in more learning while changing work procedure results in less learning, which is also a mediating mechanism for performance and mental health. To test our model, we use a 2-wave multi-source dataset of newcomers. This study contributes to the literature on proactive behavior of newcomers by identifying differences between proactive behaviors in the person-environment domain and further understanding the behaviors that newcomers can take to be successfully integrated into an organization.

Inside the Taft Court: Lessons from the Docket Books

For many years, the docket books kept by certain of the Taft Court justices have been held by the Office of the Curator of the Supreme Court. Yet the existence of these docket books was not widely known, and access to them was highly restricted. In April of 2014, however, the Court adopted new guidelines designed to increase access to the docket books for researchers. This article offers a report and analysis based on a review of all of the Taft Court docket books held by the Office of the Curator, which are the only such docket books known to have survived.This article examines the available docket book entries relevant to what scholars commonly regard as the major decisions of the Taft Court. This examination includes 117 cases concerning areas of law as diverse as the Commerce Clause, the dormant Commerce Clause, substantive due process, equal protection, the general law, antitrust, intergovernmental tax immunities, criminal procedure, civil rights, and civil liberties. The information in the docket books, which frequently includes notes of conference discussions, sheds particularly interesting new light on decisions such as Whitney v. California, Village of Euclid v. Ambler, Adkins v. Children’s Hospital and its successor minimum wage cases, Pierce v. Society of Sisters, Buck v. Bell, Frothingham v. Mellon, Wolff Packing v. Court of Industrial Relations, Fiske v. Kansas, Tyson & Bro. v. Banton, Coronado Coal v. United Mine Workers, Corrigan v. Buckley, Miles v. Graham, Brooks v. United States, and Radice v. New York. The docket books also provide records of instances in which a case that initially was assigned to one justice later was reassigned to another. These records afford us some insight into the kinds of cases in which this tended to occur, and provide an opportunity to document for the first time the long held suspicion that the notoriously slow-writing Justice Willis Van Devanter frequently was relieved of his opinions by the Chief Justice.In addition, this article reports on whether a unanimous decision also was free from dissent at conference or became so only because one or more justices acquiesced in the judgment of their colleagues, and on whether non-unanimous decisions were divided by the same vote and with the same alliances at conference. This in turn makes possible contributions to two bodies of political science literature on judicial behavior: first, to the scholarship on vote fluidity and unanimity norms in the Supreme Court; and second, to the so-called “freshman effect” argued by some to characterize the voting behavior of newcomers to the Court.

“What is, Becomes What is Right”: A Conceptual Framework of Newcomer Legitimacy for Online Discussion Communities

Online community newcomers can face challenges in community participation, acceptance and fostering member relationships. Consequently, a crucial behavioral strategy for community acceptance identified by previous research is legitimacy. However, current conceptions lack classification and structure, and have a narrow focus. A broader scope for investigating legitimacy is needed for improved theoretical and practical application. This research expands on newcomer legitimacy by classifying newcomer behavior in 4 parenting and cycling discussion communities using directed content analysis. The analysis developed a newcomer legitimacy conceptual framework with categories including geographical, contextual, cultural, testimonial, lurking and external legitimacy. This research offers a valuable contribution by classifying existing theory, developing new theory, and providing a conceptual framework to guide future studies of newcomer behavior.

A study on the mutual causation of suicide reporting and suicide incidences

BackgroundLittle research has been done on the complex relationships between the effect of news reporting on suicide incidence and vice versa (i.e., mutual causation). Furthermore, few studies have examined whether the entry of a new media outlet into a market changes the media dynamics in that market. MethodsA recursive two-way feedback model was used to test for mutual causation between suicide reporting and suicide incidence on a daily basis. We applied the model to examine the effect of the arrival of the Apple Daily (AD) newspaper in Taiwan and whether its suicide reporting affected the suicide incidence and suicide reporting of two other newspapers, the United Daily (UD) and the China Times (CT). ResultsThe AD's entry into Taiwan led to a major shift in the relationship between suicide incidence and suicide reporting. The AD stimulated more suicide coverage by the UD and the CT the following day; conversely, the UD and the CT had no such impact on the AD. Before the entry of the AD, there was little correlation between daily suicide incidence and suicide reporting, but the suicide reporting of the UD and CT correlated significantly with daily suicide incidence after the entry of the AD. LimitationsMedia impact was assessed by number of news items; detailed content analysis of the reporting was not conducted. ConclusionsThe vicious business competition facing new dailies in Taiwan's media market has changed the mass media ecology. Efforts to prevent suicide by regulating the media should closely monitor not only the behavior of newcomers, but also the established news media's reaction to new competitors.

Short-term behavioral consequences of territory relocation in a Caribbean damselfish, Stegastes diencaeus

Home-range relocation occurs during natal and breeding dispersal, ontogenetic habitat shifts, and the maintenance of resourceor density-dependent patterns of distribution. Relocating animals are expected to change their behavior to compensate for limited familiarity with the new home range and with neighboring conspecifics; such changes may indicate some of the costs of relocation. Little is known, however, about the magnitude and duration of the changes or about the types of behavior affected. We investigated the short-term (2 day) behavioral changes associated with relocation in the highly territorial longfin damselfish, Stegastes diencaeus. We compared the behavior of newcomers settling into experimentally created vacancies in an established neighborhood with that of the original residents of the same territories. The greatest difference was an increase in the rate of agonistic interactions. Newcomers also used smaller territories, moved more, and fed less. Neighboring damselfishes were less aggressive toward neighbors that expanded into vacant territories than toward ‘‘strangers’’ that relocated from elsewhere. The behavior of newcomers approached that of original residents within 2 days but territory size did not. These observations suggest that relocating a territory increases energy expenditure and decreases energy intake. Such costs could explain the philopatry of reef fish when alternative locations are of uncertain quality or are only slightly better. Nevertheless, they are unlikely to outweigh the long-term benefits of obtaining a superior territory—especially for individuals from adjacent territories. Key words: aggression, dear‐enemy, dispersal, foraging, Pomacentridae, postsettlement movement. [Behav Ecol]

Wayfinding in an Unfamiliar Environment

The purpose of this article is to explore spatial orientation and wayfinding behavior of newcomers in an unfamiliar environment and to emphasize the importance of landmarks and spatial differentiation in the acquisition of environmental knowledge. One setting with a symmetrical layout and regularly organized, monotonous units on different floors and another setting with an asymmetrical layout and repetitive units along one side of a linear corridor of one floor were used to explore different strategies for learning about large-scale spatial environments. Wayfinding performance was found to correlate with performances in sketch-map tasks and the answers of a questionnaire about each building. Most of the participants of the asymmetrical setting could complete a sketch map with a minimum of errors. In the symmetrical setting, however, some participants drew incomplete sketch maps but could find their way through the building with a minimum of errors.

Communication and Community Integration: An Analysis of the Communication Behavior of Newcomers

Community integration for newcomers was more strongly related to general information seeking than to specific use of newspapers. Four hundred newcomers in Seattle were polled by phone. When newcomers arrive in a community, they need to fill many information gaps, and this study found that newspapers (which made no special effort to reach newcomers in the city studied) did not fill them especially well. People who were reluctant to leave their old community were most interested in becoming integrated into the new one, in terms of gaining information.

The effects of realistic job previews on newcomer behavior: A laboratory study

Previous studies have yielded mixed results concerning the effects of Realistic Job Previews (RJPs) on satisfaction, turnover, and other variables. Some variation may have resulted from inconsistencies in the control of the self-selection variable. A laboratory design separating the effects of self-selection from other preview effects was employed. Subjects were given one of four previews, and some were permitted a choice of tasks. Consistent with social information processing approach (SIPA) predictions and contrary to “reality shock” (RS) predictions, task satisfaction was positively associated with preview favorability. Performance also varied by preview but turnover did not. The implications of these findings are discussed.

How do newly recruited honey bees approach a food site?

1. During these experiments we observed a total of 70 honey bees. 36 of the observed bees had no contact with a dancer; and, 34 bees attended dances. Of these 34 bees, 14 reached the food site and 20 did not. The food sites were 200–250 m from the hive. 2. The total number of dances followed by any bee, who reached the food site, was never less than 6. 3. A few bees left the hive without attending any dances, but never reached the food site on these attempts. Once they had attended a minimum sequence of 6 dances, these bees could successfully reach the food site. 4. The observed behavior of newcomers reaching a food site indicated that they knew its location before leaving the hive. The dances, not the wind, seemed to be the determining factor.