New System Of Classification Research Articles

The new system for classification of periodontal and peri-implant disease: A questionnaire study of implementation by Swedish dental hygienists.

To what extent do dental hygienists (DH) employed by the Public Dental Health Service (PDHS) in Sweden use the new classification system, their knowledge of it and their attitudes towards it. A web-based questionnaire was distributed to DHs in the PDHS in different regions of Sweden. A total of 197 registered DHs responded. The questions covered their knowledge, attitudes and possible barriers to implementation of the new classification system of periodontal and peri-implant diseases, and a question about their perceived need for a complementary digital tool to facilitate its implementation. Seventy per cent of the DHs stated that they used the new classification system. Twenty-nine per cent of the participants were confident in classifying periodontitis under the new system. Furthermore, 36% of the participants considered their knowledge of the new system to be good and 33% to be poor or non-existent. Several DHs stated that the new system was too time-consuming, that it caused stress, that their knowledge was inadequate and that they, therefore, considered it too difficult to use. Eighty per cent of the participants were positive to a digital tool as a complement and support to classify periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The present study showed that most of the DHs used the new classification system and one-third considered their knowledge to be good, although it was difficult and time-consuming. Furthermore, in general, the DHs were positive to a digital tool to facilitate application of the new classification system.

A Work Breakdown Structure for Estimating Building Life Cycle Cost Aligned with Sustainable Assessment—Application to Functional Costs

The tools used for budgeting in the building design phase are still insufficient to address the life cycle of the building in terms of environmental and cost impacts. The main objective of this research is to define a model for extending existing cost databases to accommodate life cycle sustainability assessment. For this, current classification systems are reviewed and a case study has been analysed using the new approach. To this end, a new system of classification of construction information is proposed for the evaluation of early design costs, when data are scarce and the only information available refers to the gross interior area and the plot. The classification organizes the costs in a similar way to the sustainability assessment in EN-15643. A subcategory has been added for revenue, developer costs, and taxes at all stages of the lifecycle. The resulting classification is applied to the functional elements of a secondary school project. In the case study, construction costs represent 21% while the use stage accounts for 72% in a 100-year lifespan. The results show that, starting from generic cost bases, more complex costs and functional costs can be defined at different stages of the life cycle and adjusted to sustainability assessment standards.

Prevalence of OXIS Contacts between the Primary Molars in 3 to 9 Years Old Children: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Interproximal contacts between primary teeth have traditionally been reported as broad and flat. A new system of classification for contacts called OXIS- O (open contact), X (point contact), I (straight contact), and S (curved contact) was introduced in 2018, based on the shapes observed occlusally. Understanding interproximal contacts in primary teeth is essential to comprehend the caries risk of the individual. Aim: To assess the prevalence of OXIS contact areas between non carious primary molars in 3 to 9 years old children and to determine the most common type of contact before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the types of contacts between primary teeth through direct observation in a sample size of 260 contact areas. The study was carried out in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Navi Mumbai, India, between August 2022 to February 2023. Ethical clearance from the university was obtained. A single calibrated examiner examined photographs of the interproximal contacts between primary molars. The contacts were assessed as O (open contact), X (point contact), I (straight contact), and S (curved contact) using the OXIS classification system. The prevalence of each contact type was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 software. The prevalence of contact types was recorded in numbers and percentages. A comparison of contact types before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar was conducted using the Chi-square test. Result: The most common contact type was I (65.00%) both before and after the eruption of the first permanent molar. This was followed by S (19.62%), X (11.15%), and O (4.23%) in the primary dentition. After the eruption of the first permanent molars, I contact was the highest at 66.41%, followed by S (20.90%), X (12.68%), and O (0%). Conclusion: This study confirms the presence of O, X, I, and S types of interproximal contact areas in caries-free primary molars in 3 to 9 years old children.

A case of complex asphyxia sheds light on problems in the classification of asphyxias

Death from positional asphyxia is often an accidental event occurring when the victim’s body assumes a position which can compromise an effective respiration. Its diagnosis is usually not simple, because it needs to know the exact circumstance in which the body was found and the original positioning of all the body segments. In this case, a 41-year-old man with a history of opioid drugs abuse was found dead in a knee-chest position; the head was down on the floor with the face resting on a plastic bag. Pictures of the scene of death was taken while the body was still in its original position. At first, the main suspicion was that of a fatal overdose. Following the autopsy examination, completed by histological and toxicological examinations, the cause of death was determined as postural asphyxia secondary to intoxication by methadone, in the presence of ischemic heart disease. Some features, moreover, were typical of the death in head down position, and the prolonged knee-chest position was also associated with the obstruction of mouth and nose by the plastic bag, which may have contributed to the asphyxiation. These cases of “combined” asphyxia represent a challenge for the current classifications of asphyxia, which are very variable and not standardized, as we observe from a brief review of the literature. The elaboration of new systems of classification for asphyxias, which must be clear, simple and shareable, is necessary to avoid confusion in categorizing cases that present overlapping between several types of asphyxiation modalities.

Evaluation of root and canal morphology of mandibular premolar amongst Saudi subpopulation using the new system of classification: a CBCT study

BackgroundThe clinician should have complete knowledge of the normal anatomy of the root as well as complexities in the root canal configuration for a better outcome, as missed or improper handling of the canal system can lead to the failure of an entire endodontic procedure. The present study aims to assess the morphology of roots and canals in permanent mandibular premolars in the Saudi subpopulation with a new classification system.MethodsThe present study includes 1230 mandibular premolars (645 first premolars and 585-second premolars) from 500 CBCT images of the patients, including retrospective data. iCAT scanner system (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) was used to obtain the images; scanning of 8 × 8 cm images was performed at 120 KVp and 5–7 mA with a voxel size of 0.2 mm. The new method of classification presented by Ahmed et al. 2017 was used to record and classify the root canal morphology, followed by recording the differences regarding the age and gender of the patients. Comparison of canal morphology in lower permanent premolars and its association with gender and age of the patients was done by Chi-square test/ Fisher exact test; the significance level was set at 5% (p ≤ 0.05).ResultsThe left mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars with one root were 47.31%, with two roots were 2.19%. However, three roots (0.24%) and C-shaped canals (0.24%) were reported only in the left mandibular 2nd premolar. The right mandibular 1st and 2nd premolars with one root were 47.56%, with two roots were 2.03%. The overall percentage of the number of roots and canals in the first and second premolars 1 PM 1 (88.38%), 2 PM 1 B 1 L 1 (3.5%), 2 PM B 1 L 1 (0.65%), 1 PM 1–2−1 (3.08%), 1 PM 1–2 (3.17%), 1 PM 1–2−1–2 (0.24%), 3 PMMB 1 DB 1 L1 (0.48%). However, the C-shaped canals (0.40%) were reported in right and left mandibular second premolars. No statistically significant difference was reported between mandibular premolars and gender. A statistically significant difference was reported between mandibular premolars and the age of the study subjects.ConclusionType I (1 TN 1) was the major root canal configuration in permanent mandibular premolars, which was higher among males. The CBCT imaging provides thorough details about the root canal morphology of lower premolars. These findings could support diagnosis, decision-making, and root canal treatment, for dental professionals.

A nomogram-based immune-serum scoring system predicts overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Objective:The immunoscore, which is used to quantify immune infiltrates, has greater relative prognostic value than tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stage and might serve as a new system for classification of colorectal cancer. However, a comparable immunoscore for predicting lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis is currently lacking.Methods:We analyzed the expression of 18 immune features by immunohistochemistry in 171 specimens. The relationship of immune marker expression and clinicopathologic factors to the overall survival (OS) was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. A nomogram was developed by using the optimal features selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression in the training cohort (n = 111) and evaluated in the validation cohort (n = 60).Results:The indicators integrated in the nomogram were TNM stage, neuron-specific enolase, carcino-embryonic antigen, CD8center of tumor (CT), CD8invasive margin (IM), FoxP3CT, and CD45ROCT. The calibration curve showed prominent agreement between the observed 2- and 5-year OS and that predicted by the nomogram. To simplify the nomogram, we developed a new immune-serum scoring system (I-SSS) based on the points awarded for each factor in the nomogram. Our I-SSS was able to stratify same-stage patients into different risk subgroups. The combination of I-SSS and TNM stage had better prognostic value than the TNM stage alone.Conclusions:Our new I-SSS can accurately and individually predict LUAD prognosis and may be used to supplement prognostication based on the TNM stage.

Perspectives of a new sport-specific Para Shooting classification system for athletes with vision impairment

ABSTRACT The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) and individual sports federations have established the need to develop evidence-based systems of classification for athletes with vision impairment (VI) that may differ depending on the visual demands of each sport. As a consequence, research has been conducted that led to a new classification system for athletes competing in VI shooting. The purpose of this study was to canvas the experiences of key stakeholders (athletes, coaches and classifiers) when the new system of classification was implemented. Twenty-eight participants (17 athletes, 7 coaches and 4 classifiers) completed a questionnaire to rate their experiences of the previous and new classification systems and were interviewed to gain richer insights into their opinions. It was apparent that the changes to the classification system were not adequately communicated to the athletes in particular, and that the classifiers may require a better understanding of the principles of evidence-based classification. The new system was perceived to be significantly more specific for VI shooting and intentional misrepresentation was observed to be significantly less likely than when using the old system. This research provides valuable insights into both the positive and negative experiences of key stakeholders experiencing change in a classification system.

The Challenges and Opportunities of Classifying Childhood Arthritis

Childhood arthritis is in need of a new system of classification, owing to deficiencies in the International League of Associations for Rheumatology (ILAR) criteria. We briefly review the history of classification of childhood arthritis, discuss the major criticisms of the current system, and highlight current initiatives to address those concerns. Recent studies in both pediatric and adult rheumatology into the biologic basis of disease as well as the clinical patterns of presentation have informed the efforts toward developing a new classification system. Several efforts are currently underway to improve the classification of childhood arthritis, most notably the project of the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO). This international alliance of pediatric rheumatologists has begun a 4-step process to create new classification criteria for childhood arthritis. They are currently on step 3 of the process.

Classifications in Brief: Regan-Morrey Classification of Coronoid Fractures.

Classifications in Brief: Regan-Morrey Classification of Coronoid Fractures.

Progress in the clinical classification of systemic sclerosis.

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) subset classification criteria are a cornerstone of SSc research. Given changes in our understanding of the disease and limitations of the current criteria in the conduct of trials, the developments of new SSc subset criteria are underway. This article summarizes previous iterations of SSc subset criteria, highlights current thinking about the construct underlying SSc subsets in the modern era and provides an overview of the development of new SSc subset criteria. Using a combination of data-driven and expert-based innovative methodologies, a large international collaborative effort is developing new SSc subset criteria. It is anticipated that this new system of classification will shift the paradigm of how we study novel therapies in SSc.

Classification of labia minora hypertrophy: A retrospective study of 100 patient cases

The purpose of this study is to establish a new classification system for labial hypertrophy based on shape and clinical symptomatology, rather than on measurement of the length in centimetres. The aim of this classification system is to be able to select surgical strategies based on the type of labial hypertrophy.From 2005 to 2014, we undertook a retrospective study analysing 100 patient files, chosen at random from our database of 400 patient cases and pre-operational photographs to reduce the labia minora, also known as labiaplasty.The author analysed data from each individual patient file concerning the shape of the labia minora, patients' symptomatology and the chosen operational technique.We found three types of labial hypertrophy, constituting a new system of classification:Type I: the anterior one third form, called “flag”. 11 patient cases were observed (11%).Type II: the middle third form, called “oblique”. 29 patient cases were observed (29%).Type III: the posterior third form, called “complete”. 60 patient cases were observed (60%).In symptomatology terms, Type I was characterized by an undesirable aesthetic appearance and discomfort in the crotch area caused by wearing tight clothing, but not by dyspareunia. Type II showed an overall fuller appearance. Type III presented frequent dyspareunia more often than Type I and Type II.For Type I, the surgical technique selected was a superior pedicule flap, with only a moderate labial resection, which follows the edge of the labia minora. For Type II and Type III, the lambda laser technique was systematically proposed.The proposed system of classification seems to correspond better to patient symptomatology as compared to a system based on straightforward measurement of the length in centimetres. The proposed system of classification makes it possible to adjust the surgical strategy to suit patients' expectations.

Scorpions of the Horn of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part X. Pandiborellius stat. n. and Pandinurus (Scorpionidae) with description of four new species from Eritrea and Ethiopia, and review of Pandinus sensu lato taxonomy

We introduce a new system of classification for the subfamily Scorpioninae Latreille, 1802 which includes genera Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828, Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837, Pandiborellius Rossi, 2015 stat. n., Pandinoides Fet, 1997, Pandinops Birula, 1913, Pandinurus Fet, 1997, Pandinus (Pandinus) Thorell, 1876, Pandinus (Pandinopsis) Vachon, 1974 stat. n., Pandinus (Pandipalpus) Rossi, 2015 stat. n., and Scorpio Linné, 1758. We provide a checklist of 41 valid species and their synonyms of Pandinus sensu lato. We revise Horn of Africa genera Pandiborellius stat. n. and Pandinurus; all species are fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as their habitat. Included are morphological keys to the subfamily Scorpioninae and genera Pandiborellius stat. n. and Pandinurus. Several new characters in trichobothrial pattern, granulation of pedipalp movable and fixed fingers and spiniform formula of tarsomeres of legs are used and discussed. Described herein are Pandiborellius igdu sp. n. from Ethiopia, Pandiborellius insularis sp. n. from Eritrea, Pandinurus afar sp. n. from Ethiopia, and Pandinurus oromo sp. n. from Ethiopia. Pandinurus citernii (Borelli, 1919) comb. n. and Pandinurus intermedius (Borelli, 1919) comb. n. are restored from synonymy. Pandinurus (Pandipavesius) Rossi, 2015 is synonymized with Pandiborellius Rossi, 2015 stat. n.; Pandinus (Pandinoirens) Rossi, 2015 is synonymized with Pandinurus Fet, 1997; Pandinurus (Pandiborellius) sabbadinii Rossi, 2015 is synonymized with Pandiborellius magrettii (Borelli, 1901) comb. n.; Pandinurus (Pandinurus) cianferonii Rossi, 2015 is synonymized with Pandinurus pallidus (Kraepelin, 1894); Pandinus (Pandinoirens) riccardoi Rossi, 2015 and Pandinus (Pandinoirens) bottegoi Rossi, 2015 are synonymized with Pandinurus platycheles (Werner, 1916); Pandinus (Pandinurus) vachoni Rossi, 2014 is synonymized with Pandinurus sudanicus (Hirst, 1911); and Pandinurus (Pandipalpus) pygmaeus Rossi, 2015 is synonymized with Pandinus (Pandipalpus) lowei Kovařík, 2012 comb. n.. Hemispermatophores of Pandiborellius insularis sp. n., Pandinurus afar sp. n. and Pandinurus oromo sp. n are illustrated and described, and morphology of Pandinus sensu lato hemispermatophores is discussed.

A proposal for a new system of classification for hotels based on information taken from a multi-sponsor loyalty program

espanolEl objetivo de este trabajo es aportar una clasificacion innovadora de los establecimientos hoteleros basada en la valoracion de sus usuarios de los atributos que fundamentan la eleccion de un hotel. Para ello se va utilizar la informacion que proporciona un programa de fidelizacion multi-esponsor, debido al gran numero de cadenas hoteleras que se asocian a este tipo programas y a su capacidad para obtener y tratar la informacion de sus usuarios de una forma mas eficaz en comparacion con procedimientos convencionales de investigacion. En este trabajo se ha aplicado un estudio exploratorio de caracter cualitativo mediante seis focus groups con una muestra de 60 personas, y una encuesta personal aplicada a una muestra de 73.698 usuarios de un programa de fidelizacion que han redimido sus puntos en un establecimiento hotelero. La propuesta de clasificacion proporcionada evidencia el desajuste entre la oferta y la demanda en el mercado espanol en la forma de comercializar los servicios hoteleros, y permite optimizar el posicionamiento y la comunicacion de los mismos a partir de los atributos que realmente diferencian la oferta desde la perspectiva del cliente. Esta contribucion permitira relacionar las nuevas tipologias de establecimientos propuestas con los perfiles de consumidores afines a cada una de las categorias de hoteles. De la misma manera puede ser un instrumento eficaz mediante el que el cliente identificara los establecimientos mas acordes con sus preferencias EnglishThis work aims to provide an innovative classification of hotels based on guests´ assessments of the attributes that influence the choice of a particular hotel. To this end, information provided by a multi-sponsor loyalty program will be used due to the large number of hotel chains associated with these kinds of programs and their ability to collect and process information from their users more effectively than conventional research procedures. In this paper, we have conducted an exploratory qualitative study using six focus groups each with a sample of 60 people and a self-administered questionnaire applied to a sample of 73,698 users of a loyalty program who have redeemed points at a hotel. This proposal for a new system of classification highlights the disparity between supply and demand in the way hospitality services are promoted in the Spanish market, as well as hotel classification to be optimised according to those features that really make an offer stand out from the perspective of the customer. This contribution will allow types of establishment in each of the new categories proposed in this paper to be precisely matched to customer profiles. In addition to providing an instrument through which the client can identify establishments more in line with their preferences.

Особенности функционирования рынка туристских и гостиничных услуг в современных условиях экономического развития России

The article deals with the specific characteristics of operating of the market mechanism in the field of tourism and hospitality services, which must be taken into account in the organization of tourism and hotel business. In addition to specific features, to a greater or lesser extent inherent to any market, on which the services are main object of relations, the authors highlight several important distinguishing features, typical mainly for the tourism market. The article notes that elements of macro-environment that are usually attributed to the factors of indirect influence on the company, have, along with elements of micro-environment, direct influence on all the processes taking place on the tourist market. The authors also highlight the main factors that currently have prevailing influence on the function and structure of the tourism market. Among them are a global political situation, public policy and economic processes in the country and world. This article provides a list of current events in the world and Russia, illustrating the interconnection of policies and tourism market structure, shows the mechanism of action of the economic crisis on the dynamics and structure demand and offering on the tourist market, and among others considers the relationship between the development of inbound, outbound and domestic markets during crisis.
 The article also point out that tourist market by its very nature - is a world market and it is important to consider the interdependence of its main elements on a world-wide scale. This in turn affects the algorithm for solving the problems of effective tourism product planning and development of organized tourism on the basis of partner interaction of all market participants. This article analyzes the development trends of domestic tourism market, as well as identifies the main opportunities for the improvement of the Russian tourist market: the growing online sales, the development of event tourism, low-cost airlines, the development of regional tourism, the formation of a new system of classification of hotels and others.

ZACD: A Retrograde Panoramic Analysis among Indian Population with New System of Classification.

Zygomatic Air Cell Defect (ZACD) has been considered as a normal radiographic variant with a spare knowledge. This should be judged before any surgical procedure of the temporal region as lack of which can lead to infections of cranium and may other complications. The present study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and characteristics of ZACD and to propose a classification for the same using digital panoramic radiography. A total of 6825 digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated retrospectively of subjects aged between 4-90 years from both genders. The radiographs were evaluated by 4 (four) oral radiologists and the ZACD was recorded only when the decision was indisputable. Out of 6825 digital panoramic radiographs evaluated ZACD was noticed in 133 subjects with an overall prevalence of 1.94%. A male predilection was noted in the present study with the maximum prevalence during the second, third and fourth decade of life and as the age increases its prevalence decreases. Most commonly it was found to be unilateral and the unilocular presentation being more common. Most of the finding of the present study is in acceptance with those conducted previously, but some of the finding contradicts those in the previous ones. It can be because of low sample size of the previous studies. Moreover this study gives a new system to classify these defects to help diagnose the nature of the defect.

A logistic analysis on vegetation classification system based on dominant species with an illustrational scheme

This paper aims to introduce a method to test vegetation classification systems based on the domi- nant species, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the classification system. If the test shows that there are er- rors in commonly used vegetation classification system, corrections are needed. To correct the existing clas- sification system error, we must build a new system of classification. This paper presents a new vegetation classification system based on dominant species, and identifies the processes and methods to establish the classification system. Logic testing tools are the basis of examining the correctness of vegetation classifica- tion system. In this paper, we confirm that the principles of logic can be used for testing classification sys- tems. Steps and methods to establish the vegetation classification systems are given and the new plant life-form and vegetation classification system are established. We suggest the concept of multi-constructive species vegetation, set, the classified status and present a clear vegetation nomenclature.

A clinically applicable molecular-based classification for endometrial cancers.

Background:Classification of endometrial carcinomas (ECs) by morphologic features is inconsistent, and yields limited prognostic and predictive information. A new system for classification based on the molecular categories identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas is proposed.Methods:Genomic data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) support classification of endometrial carcinomas into four prognostically significant subgroups; we used the TCGA data set to develop surrogate assays that could replicate the TCGA classification, but without the need for the labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive genomic methodology. Combinations of the most relevant assays were carried forward and tested on a new independent cohort of 152 endometrial carcinoma cases, and molecular vs clinical risk group stratification was compared.Results:Replication of TCGA survival curves was achieved with statistical significance using multiple different molecular classification models (16 total tested). Internal validation supported carrying forward a classifier based on the following components: mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry, POLE mutational analysis and p53 immunohistochemistry as a surrogate for ‘copy-number' status. The proposed molecular classifier was associated with clinical outcomes, as was stage, grade, lymph-vascular space invasion, nodal involvement and adjuvant treatment. In multivariable analysis both molecular classification and clinical risk groups were associated with outcomes, but differed greatly in composition of cases within each category, with half of POLE and mismatch repair loss subgroups residing within the clinically defined ‘high-risk' group. Combining the molecular classifier with clinicopathologic features or risk groups provided the highest C-index for discrimination of outcome survival curves.Conclusions:Molecular classification of ECs can be achieved using clinically applicable methods on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples, and provides independent prognostic information beyond established risk factors. This pragmatic molecular classification tool has potential to be used routinely in guiding treatment for individuals with endometrial carcinoma and in stratifying cases in future clinical trials.

A survey to assess the validity of Kennedy's classification system in the present era

The present classification system for removable of partial dentures has been proposed by Dr. Edward Kennedy 87 years ago. With the decrease in prevalence of edentulousness, this system of classification is questionable in this modern technologically and scientifically advanced era. This survey is the first of its kind in assessing the validity of Kennedy's classification system. Based on the results obtained from the survey, a new system of classification has been proposed.

A new system for classification of chlorophyll mutations

A new system for classification of chlorophyll mutations

Subaxial cervical spine injury classification system: is it most appropriate for classifying cervical injury?

Subaxial cervical spine injury classification system: is it most appropriate for classifying cervical injury?