New Sources Of Energy Research Articles

A characterization study of Wadi Thamad oil shale: Towards a new source of energy in Jordan

AbstractJordan's energy sector faces significant challenges due to rising fuel prices, making the exploration of local energy resources crucial. The abundant oil shale deposits in Wadi Thamad present a promising opportunity. Since Wadi Thamad oil shale has never been studied before, this research focuses on the Wadi Thamad basin near Madaba, Jordan, aiming to comprehensively characterize its oil shale using advanced analytical techniques. Using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry, this study assesses the mineralogical, chemical, and thermal properties of Wadi Thamad oil shale. The findings reveal calcite and quartz as the primary minerals, with significant aliphatic, CO2, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. Elemental analysis highlights essential oxides, such as CaO and SiO2. Fischer assay results indicate an oil content of 5.3–10.1 wt%, a gross‐calorific value of 4.56–7.69 MJ/kg, and a sulfur content of 1.77–2.10 wt%. The peak pyrolysis temperature is 432.4°C from TGA. This research's novelty lies in its comprehensive approach to characterizing the underexplored Wadi Thamad oil shale basin. The findings enhance the understanding of Wadi Thamad's geological composition and underscore its potential as a local energy resource, contributing valuable data to Jordan's energy portfolio and offering economic benefits.

Effect of Piston Geometry on Performance Characteristics of VCR Engine with and without EGR when Fueled with Blends of Methyl Ester

The growing population and exhaustion of fossil fuels necessitate our search for new sources of energy. The study for this research encompasses an amalgamation of interest in alternative fuels, advanced engine technology such as variable compression ratio VCR, engine component modification, and a methodical approach to testing for assessing the effects on key performance of the engine. A 3.5 kW compression ignition (CI) engine was fueled with blends of behada, chicken fat, and turmeric oil methyl ester. Engine operating parameters, such as the compression ratio (CR), rate of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and piston top geometry, are optimized to maximize engine performance. CI engine was modified by changing the piston head (square and tangential groove top) for methyl ester diesel blend operations. In the study, diesel fuel is designated as B00 and methyl ester as B20. The influence of compression ratio (CR16 and CR18) with exhaust gas re-circulation (EGR 0% and EGR 10%) was evaluated. The key performance indicators: brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific energy consumption (BSEC), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), air-to-fuel ratio (AFR), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are investigated. Results indicate that an increase in BTE accompanies an increase in load, suggesting enhanced thermal efficiency with increased power output. The consequence of VCR is also investigated, and it is determined that a higher CR results in a higher BTE due to an increase in compression pressure and temperature, thereby enhancing combustion. Due to the re-combustion of unburned hydrocarbons with the addition of EGR at a 10% rate, BTE increases further. Utilizing a piston geometry with tangential grooves and methyl ester blends also contributes to increased BTE. BSEC increases with increasing load, with an important rise observed when operating at maximum capacity. However,at CR 18, BSEC decreases as a result of enhanced combustion efficiency. EGR has different effects on BSEC depending on the geometry of the piston and the kind of fuel used. Enhanced air-fuel blending and re-combustion of unburned hydrocarbons reduce the BSEC of the engine. The tangential groove top piston operates with 10% EGR. Similar to BSEC, BSFC decreases with increasing CR and improves with the use of a piston with a tangential groove and 10% EGR operation. AFR decreases as the consumption of fuel increases to meet the power demand, and higher CR values result in a lower AFR. EGT rises with load, and CR18 has a lower EGT than CR16 as a result of a higher compressing temperature and pressure. 10% EGR operation reduces EGT by decreasing the concentration of oxygen in the combustible area.

Necessity of Education for Efficient and Sustainable Production and Consumption of Energy in Tanzania

This paper reports the findings of a study that was conducted in Tanzania to grasp how the policies, plans and curricula at different levels of education accommodate knowledge gathered on energy to support the fostering of energy education. The study interrogated what necessitates the inclusion of energy education into the curricula in Tanzania. Subscribing to a qualitative approach, the study employed a desk research method to review curricula and other documents guiding secondary and university level education in the country. The study found out that heightening people’s consumption of energy for domestic and industrial purposes constituted the main issue that necessitates the provision of energy education. Collected data further show that, the Tanzanian curricula targets giving the people knowledge and awareness for safety and how to optimise the use of energy sources, both effectively and efficiently. Moreover, energy education is essentially due to threats of depletion, discovery of new sources of energy, and the need for skilled workers. Such education is also necessary to address the need for expertise and technological advancements in production and consumption methods. The threat of environmental degradation and global warming also make it necessary that people become energy literate. In some cases, energy education aims to meet the investors’ needs and provide general knowledge in addition to serving diplomatic purposes. Overall, the study found out that energy education is essential for ensuring the country has sustained energy supply and use, while meeting the needs of the population, and fostering economic growth.

Conversion of Aluminum to Hydrogen: A Metallurgical Point of View

Transition to the Net‐Zero economy requires new sources of energy. Hydrogen is one of the promising candidates to replace carbohydrates. Emission‐free technologies for hydrogen production are pivotal for this transition. However, the existing technologies to produce hydrogen are either polluting or energy‐intensive. In recent years, a reaction of aluminum with water generating hydrogen has attracted a lot of attention. Most of the research is done with solid aluminum and analyzed mostly from the chemical and energy points of view. In this overview paper, rarely mentioned metallurgical aspects of this reaction are considered, as well as potential integration of the related technology into a green aluminum production cycle. The advantages of using liquid aluminum as well as related safety aspects are highlighted.

Research on integrating hydrogen energy storage with solar and wind power for Net-Zero energy buildings

Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) are evolving as a pillar concept as it fits in with the global Net Zero Energy Target strategy and the decarbonisation strategy of the building sector, which has been developed in response to climate change. The shift from existing building types to Net Zero Energy Buildings is a predominant trend. Net Zero Energy Buildings. This review paper explores the use of solar and wind energy as new sources of energy to generate electricity and hydrogen to store electricity as revolutionary solutions to achieve Net Zero Energy Buildings. It provides insights into the technological advances and challenges associated with hydrogen energy systems, including electrolyser efficiency, storage solution resolution, and fuel cell innovation. In addition, the paper highlights the key role of hydrogen in addressing the intermittency of renewable energy generation and enhancing the resilience and sustainability of Net Zero Energy Buildings systems. The potential for scaling up and commercialising hydrogen storage in the building sector is assessed through a detailed examination of current technologies, performance evaluations, and case studies. Despite facing a number of barriers from technical, economic, and policy perspectives, this paper argues that hydrogen storage can make a significant contribution to the decarbonisation of the built environment through continued technological innovation and framework improvement.

Fundamental Barriers to Green Energy Production in Selected EU Countries

Most EU countries are trying to develop new sources of energy to meet local power requirements due to energy shortages. The most popular renewable energy developments include biogas stations, wind turbines, water turbines, and solar systems. This article focuses on reviewing studies concerning the utilization of solar energy systems, especially photovoltaic (PV) ones, in European countries such as Germany, Italy, Spain, and Poland, which are leaders in PV installations. The review identifies factors influencing the development of PV investments and the energy situation in these countries. Economic, market, environmental, and infrastructural barriers, as well as driving factors, are presented. In all countries, the majority of installations were in the prosumer sector, with only a very small percentage in the state-owned sector. The methodology of the study covered the mentioned barriers, which were identified using scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and branch organizations websites like the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). The novelty of the article lies in its examination of special barriers concerning green energy production in chosen EU countries. Normally, when reading articles on PV installations, as presented in the References section, one primarily observes a description of the construction process without deep involvement in the presented ideas.

Potential of Former Mill Race Corridors for Urban Regeneration Strategies—A Case Study from Podolínec in Prešov Region (Slovakia)

In the past, mill races were part of the urban structure of many towns in Slovakia. As regulated and artificially created waterways, they served to drive mills, rollers, or hammers. With the use of new sources of energy, they lost their functions, and most of them were dried, filled, or buried underground. In our research, we examine the former mill race corridor in Podolínec (Prešov region, Slovakia) and its potential to contribute to urban regeneration strategies. The research steps included the following, namely 1. Identification of the route of the mill race corridor according to historical sources, 2. survey of its current state and its spatial preservation in the urban structure, 3. evaluation of the possibilities of its new uses, which could increase the quality and attractiveness of urban public spaces. The research results show that the fragments of the corridor of the extinct mill race are still identifiable in the urban fabric, and in the cadaster, they are in public ownership and suitable for new uses. The fragments of the corridor of the extinct mill race in Podolínec represent a potential for strengthening the blue and green infrastructure, pedestrian and cycling greenways, and a potential for the presentation of cultural heritage values, which could contribute to the improvement of the qualities of the urban environment.

Exploring technological and operational challenges in high-pressure: High-temperature drilling techniques

This comprehensive review explores the complex landscape of HPHT drilling, examining the underlying principles, innovative technologies, and operational strategies used to overcome challenges such as wellbore stability, fluid management, equipment reliability, and downhole conditions. By understanding and addressing these challenges, the oil and gas industry can advance HPHT drilling capabilities and unlock new sources of energy to meet growing global demand. High-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) drilling techniques have become indispensable for the oil and gas industry to tap into deep hydrocarbon reservoirs located in challenging environments. Despite their significance, HPHT drilling operations pose a myriad of technological and operational challenges that demand meticulous attention to safety, efficiency, and success. This comprehensive review embarks on an exploration of the intricate landscape of HPHT drilling, delving into the fundamental principles, innovative technologies, and operational strategies pivotal in surmounting obstacles such as wellbore stability, fluid management, equipment reliability, and downhole conditions. The review begins by delineating the distinctive characteristics of HPHT environments, highlighting the formidable challenges inherent in drilling operations conducted under extreme pressures and temperatures. Subsequently, it elucidates the critical importance of maintaining wellbore stability amidst such conditions, elucidating the risks of collapse and blowouts and offering insights into mitigation strategies ranging from meticulous drilling fluid selection to advanced wellbore monitoring techniques. Fluid management emerges as a focal point, as the review navigates through the complexities of selecting, formulating, and managing drilling fluids tailored for HPHT environments. Innovative technologies such as nanotechnology applications and synthetic-based mud systems are explored for their efficacy in addressing fluid-related challenges and enhancing drilling performance. The reliability and integrity of equipment constitute another critical aspect examined in the review, with emphasis on mechanical challenges, material selection, and proactive maintenance strategies essential for safeguarding equipment performance and longevity in HPHT operations. Furthermore, the review presents case studies and best practices gleaned from successful HPHT drilling projects, offering valuable insights and lessons learned to inform future endeavors.

Comprehensive Overview of Recent Research and Industrial Advancements in Nuclear Hydrogen Production

As new sources of energy and advanced technologies are used, there is a continuous evolution in energy supply, demand, and distribution. Advanced nuclear reactors and clean hydrogen have the opportunity to scale together and diversify the hydrogen production market away from fossil fuel-based production. Nevertheless, the technical uncertainties surrounding nuclear hydrogen processes necessitate thorough research and a solid development effort. This paper aims to position pink hydrogen for nuclear hydrogen production at the forefront of sustainable energy-related solutions by offering a comprehensive review of recent advancements in nuclear hydrogen production, covering both research endeavors and industrial applications. It delves into various pink hydrogen generation methodologies, elucidating their respective merits and challenges. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the evolving landscape of pink hydrogen in terms of its levelized cost by comparatively assessing different production pathways. By synthesizing insights from academic research and industrial practices, this paper provides valuable perspectives for stakeholders involved in shaping the future of nuclear hydrogen production.

Liquid Fuel Generation from Onion Shell: An Experimental Approach of Pyrolysis Process

Energy demand is rising over time in both developing and developed countries. Therefore, finding new sources of energy is a prime concern now. For this effort, this paper presents the pyrolysis of onion (Allium cepa) shells in a reactor with a fixed bed for generating alternative liquid fuel. This paper also compares alternative fuel characteristics, including higher heating value, viscosity, density, pour point, and flash point, with conventional petroleum fuels at optimal process conditions. The work adopted pyrolysis to produce liquid fuel at a temperature range of 400–550 °C and utilized LPG to provide a heat source. The liquid product (fuel oil) was collected, and non-condensable gas was flared. The liquid product was tested for various properties, and the results of the analyses show that alternative fuel has a higher heating value of 12.227 MJ/kg, density of 800 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.3 cP at 30 °C, pour point below −6.2 °C, and flash point around 137 °C, with a variation due to the volatile matters. To obtain favorable conditions for pyrolysis, some parameters, including bed temperature, sample quantity, average particle size, and operating time, were varied and analyzed. The physio-chemical properties made the alternative fuels isolated from conventional petroleum fuels due to the variation in distillation temperature. This work shows that the fuel oil generated from the pyrolysis of onion shells could be considered an alternative source of fuel.

Executive financial background, external audit quality and shadow banking in non-financial firms

The absence of formal financial services in the face of the actual economy's transition from old to new sources of energy and development modes has led to the emergence of a widespread shadow banking sector. Based on the high-order ladder theory, this paper examines the influence of executives' financial background on non-financial firms' shadow banking. The finding reveals a positive impact of executive financial backgrounds on non-financial firms' shadow banking, mainly driven by the executives' non-banking financial experiences, primarily contributing to the shadow credit chain model. Additionally, high-quality external audits discourage management from engaging in blind shadow banking activities.

Кислородный биокатод на основе laccase Pleurotus ostreatus HK-35 для биотопливного элемента

The main reasons that make mankind look for new sources of energy are decreasing dependence on fossil fuels and reducing pollution. Wastewater treatment with the help of microbial fuel cells is an area where these two goals can be combined. Microbial fuel cells, in which microorganisms catalyze the oxidation of organic substances, represent a new and promising alternative for electricity generation. The creation of an efficient cathode in such systems is the important problem. It is evident that in these applications an oxygen (air) electrode is a promising cathode. In this study, the oxygen biocathode based on the laccase enzyme Pleurotus ostreatus HK-35 was developed and its electrochemical properties were studied depending on the immobilization method of the enzyme on the surface of a carbon-graphite electrode and the type of the electrolyte. It was experimentally established that laccase injection using a sol-gel matrix was the effective method for immobilizing laccase on the surface of a carbon-graphite electrode. It was shown that the more efficient operation of the laccase-based biocathode was observed in a phosphate-citrate (pH 4.0) buffer solution, i.e., in an acidic environment.

Energy Simulation of Marine Currents through Wind Tunnel with use of Electromagnetic Brake

A demand clean and renewable energy through the use of submerged turbines. Using this new source of energy that we can grow the production of electrical energy from sustainable way. This paper presents the simulation of maritime currents using a wind tunnel which allows the comparison of speed variations of water compared to air. It also features a brake system that uses a magnetic sensor in real time using the wavelets. As an example, it can be the ones mentioned concerning the feedback control system applied in a brand WEG motor of 100 hp with 2 poles 3500rpm rotation. Using software tools, the Acquired data are post-processed.

Effect of Concentration of KOH, H2O, Temp in In-situ Transestrification Reaction of Sesbania sesban, Capparis deciduas seed

Fatty acid methyl ester is defined as the mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. In simple terms, it is renewable source of energy. Petrodiesel can be replaced by biodiesel due to its superiority. Biodiesel has more lubricity which increases lifetime of engine. It is less toxic and gives less emission of Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and particulate matter. The biodiesel fraction from oil content of Sesbania sesban, Capparis deciduas are found 29% & 63.75 respectively. The percentage of biodiesel yield increases with concentration of KOH as a catalyst. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the cost effective new source of energy by single step reaction i.e. production of oil by combining extraction and reaction of extract with the mixture of alcohols. In this article the effect of catalyst concentration, time, water content and temperature on in-situ transestrification is studied to obtain optimum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (Biodiesel).Fuel characterization tests show the striking similarity of various physical & chemical properties and campers to ASTM standards.

ENJEUX ENVIRONNEMENTAUX ET INNOVATION LEXICALE. LE DOMAINE DE LA MOBILITÉ (ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND LEXICAL INNOVATION. THE MOBILITY FIELD)

One of the major issues of today is the climate emergency. The European Union’s goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and become climate neutral affect most areas of the economy, especially transport, where critical transformations are needed to meet current demands. Vehicle manufacturing has always been a dynamic sector that has constantly seen significant developments and innovations. In the desire to find and use new sources of energy, in recent years, vehicle manufacturers have proposed hybrid and electric models. Nevertheless, during the years of the Covid 19 pandemic, they recorded massive losses, people’s transport habits undergoing very large changes. The transition to an electric fleet, the use of bicycles and electric scooters, as well as changes in everyday life have caused the entry into the common language of some technical terms and the creation of new lexical units. In this paper we aim to identify the neologisms that appeared in the field of sustainable mobility, based on the consultation of a corpus of written press, websites of automobile manufacturers and blogs. We will analyze the presence of official neologisms in journalistic texts, the procedures by which they are formed, the weight of terms with denotative value and those with connotative value, direct borrowings and loan translations, multiple translations of some neologisms from other languages.

Research on the development and application of the hydrogen energy

In recent years, global warming has been an ongoing concern for experts, and the cause of this problem is the over-reliance on fossil fuels, so finding a new source of energy that can replace traditional fossil fuels is essential at this stage. In terms of hydrogen production, solar hydrolysis is a promising method for converting sunlight into renewable, sustainable, and green hydrogen energy. The most representative pathway for converting solar radiation into molecular hydrogen is photovoltaic chemistry (PEC). In terms of hydrogen storage, researchers have identified the potential of a new type of hydrogen storage vessel, the "hybrid hydrogen storage vessel," which combines an aluminum-carbon fiber reinforced plastic (Al-CFRP) composite vessel with a hydrogen storage alloy. An evaluation of this system has shown that the hybrid hydrogen storage vessel has advantages over conventional hydrogen storage technologies in terms of volume and weight of stored hydrogen. In terms of hydrogen applications, hydrogen-fueled electric powertrains offer a solution for long-distance driving using clean energy, whereas battery-powered vehicles are plagued by range limitations, which is a shortcoming in hydrogen applications. This paper critically examines the potential of hydrogen as a sustainable energy source and presents three aspects of hydrogen technology, respectively its production, storage and application. This essay highlights the importance of chemical engineering principles in optimizing the production, storage and utilization of hydrogen energy for a clean, sustainable energy future.

Core nuclear design and heat transfer analysis of a megawatt-level SiC coated particle based vehicular micro reactor

As a versatile and diversified source of new energy, transportable micro reactors can offer high flexibility and the ability to provide power services even in remote areas. When utilizing coated fuel particles and supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) coolant, the transportable micro reactor core achieves exceptional inherent safety and high power generation efficiency, rendering it incredibly competitive within the nuclear market. The Vehicular Micro Reactor (VMR) previously investigated is an integrated micro-reactor cooled by S-CO2, which employs TRistructural ISOtropic (TRISO) fuel particles dispersed in a conventional graphite matrix to generate 5 MW of power output. However, its drawback lies in the low fuel loading capacity. In recent year, the application of high-strength SiC materials in the field of nuclear energy has been developing continuously. In this paper, a new type of double-layered SiC coated fuel particle is designed, based on which a SiC-based Vehicular Micro Reactor (SVMR) is proposed and explored. It represents an improved design of VMR, with the main difference being its utilization of SiC as a matrix and filling by the two-layered SiC-coated fuel particle to achieve higher fuel loading than the VMR. In this paper, both the neutronic and heat transfer characteristics of the SVMR are discussed. The neutronic simulation is conducted using SCALE code based on Monte Carlo method, the module KENO IV was used to analyze the effective neutron multiplication factor (keff), and SCALE/TRITON (Transport Rigor Implemented with Time-Dependent Operation for Neutronic Depletion) coupled by 2-D radiation transport code NEWT and ORIGEN for burn-up calculation. By optimizing the assembly size and SiC-coated fuel particle size, the SVMR core achieves high fuel loading capacity and superior fuel utilization efficiency. The results of the heat transfer analysis also demonstrate that the SVMR core, which is entirely SiC-based, exhibits exceptional heat transfer capability. The excellent neutron economy and inherent safety make SVMR a more competitive micro reactor concept.

How can China’s coal cities achieve high-quality development?—An empirical study based on the “resource curse” hypothesis

The relationship between the utilization of natural resources and high-quality economic growth has always been a concern of the academic community. China’s coal cities to varying degrees suffer from population outflow, economic stagnation or even negative growth, precipitous drop in housing prices, serious environmental damage, and other problems. There is a negative correlation from the perspective of location between the enrichment of coal resources and economic development in China, confirming the existence of coal “resource curse” in China’s interprovincial scope. Through establishing quantitative models. This article analyzes the transmission mechanism of the nonlinear impact of coal industry development on regional total factor productivity (TFP) from the 2 paths of industrial structure evolution and factor allocation efficiency. The sample panel data of 44 coal cities in China from 2003 to 2017 are examined to empirically test the impact of coal industry development in China’s coal cities on TFP and its transmission mechanism. In the coal industry development, the service industry is being squeezed out to some degree, while the manufacturing industry is suffered from “double deindustrialization” and severe shrinkage. Such an industrial structure transformation is one of the transmission paths of “resource curse.” The development of human capital (HC) and finance has a threshold effect on the impact of the coal industry development on the TFP of coal cities. The excessive growth of coal industry has a restraining effect on the development level of HC and finance that influences the efficiency of resource allocation, resulting in failure of such industries to promote the TFP. With the improvement of HC and finance sectors in coal cities, the development of coal industry has promoted the TFP. Therefore, this article holds that the government should aim at improving the efficiency of factor allocation, formulate scientific and reasonable industrial adjustment policies, upgrade industrial structure, and actively develop manufacturing and producer services. Meanwhile, in the process of coal city development, it should pay attention to improving HC input, actively develop green finance industry to promote the development of capital market, and promote the green transformation of coal industry. Actively develop new sources of energy. The sustainable development of coal cities should be guided according to different life cycle stages in order to achieve healthy and sustainable development and break the “resource curse.”

Nickel-Copper-Carbon based electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction: Sol-gel synthesis using chitosan

The development of highly efficient catalysts for oxygen (OER) and hydrogen (HER) evolution reactions are fundamental for the generation of new sources of energy. To meet the global demand of energy, non-noble metal catalysts based on transition metals, in particular, Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) metals are being widely explored and studied as promising candidates for electrocatalysts. Therefore, here we present: (a) the Sol-gel synthesis that uses chitosan as a polymerizing agent and subsequent reduction in H2 gas to synthesize carbon-coated NiCu nanoparticles, and (b) the microstructural and electrochemical evaluation of Ni95Cu5-C and Ni85Cu15-C samples. X-ray diffraction confirms the NiCu phase, while Raman spectroscopy confirms the presence of carbon. Field emission scanning electron microscopy shows nanoparticles with spherical morphology. From the electrochemical point of view, it was observed that the increase in copper content impairs the activity for oxygen evolution reaction when evaluated in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. The Ni95Cu5-C electrocatalyst exhibited higher activity than Ni85Cu15-C, confirmed by its low overpotential value (η = 319 mV vs. RHE) and Tafel slope (73 mV dec−1), and high values of CDL (4.1 mF cm−2), ECSA (102.5 cm2), SA (2.19 mA cm−2) and TOF (1.87 x10−4 mol O2 s−1). This work highlights a simple and inexpensive method to obtain Nickel-Copper-Carbon catalysts for application in water splitting in alkaline media.

Analysis of Ocean Energy Integration in Ibero-American Electric Grids

The development of the marine renewable energy, as referenced in the objectives achievement of many energy roadmaps [1], is conditioned by the possibilities to integrate the marine generation power plants in the electric systems. Offshore wind, floating solar PV, tidal, waves and even saline gradient are the technologies considered. The success of these plans needs to fulfil, among others, the compliance of the electric grid codes, ensuring the stability of electric grids.
 The integration of marine renewable energies is still not a problem at the electric grids, since the penetration level is not so high. However, the objectives established in the roadmaps invite to analyse the expected effects of new power plants from the point of view of performance at the electric systems. Actually, some research works have identified an increase in the number of frequency and voltage events in electric systems due to higher penetration of marine energies [2].
 The connection of the marine renewable generation is usually taken place in nodes of the electric grids not very favourable in terms of power capacity and voltage drops. Moreover, many of the locations where the marine renewable energies result economically viable are linked to weak areas of the electric grid, meaning that frequency and voltage are more sensible. That is the case of remote isolated areas, as usually coastal areas, or islands. Additionally, some of the technologies considered, such as wave energy, present very oscillatory power profiles which produce an unbalance with the consumption profiles, leading to stability problems.
 More and more countries are putting an eye on new sources of energy, integrating them in their energy policies in order to search alternatives to face energy crisis. This is the case of many countries in Centre and South America, that have included in their roadmaps the renewable marine energies [3]. One of the main issues in these countries is the lack of robust electric grids or the condition of weak grids in coastal areas.
 This paper presents the result of the analysis of different electric grids in Ibero-American countries. Three different regions have been considered: Mesoamerica, South America and Iberian Peninsula and Macaronesia, and particular areas or countries have been selected from each region as representative of the critical conditions in terms of grid integration. Costa Rica, Peru, Brazil and Argentina, and the Canary Islands in Spain, are the selected case studies. The results presented will summarize: power limits, time response, energy storage and backup generation requirements, power ramps, power oscillation allowed, etc.
 This work has been accomplished in the frame of the activities carried out by the groups involved in the thematic network REMAR (Opportunities of Integration of Ocean Energies in Ibero-American Electric Grids), promoted and funded by the Ibero-American Programme of Science and Technology for the Development (CYTED).