New Principles For Design Research Articles

КАФЕДРА ДИЗАЙНУ АРХІТЕКТУРНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО УНІВЕРСИТЕТУ «ЛЬВІВСЬКА ПОЛІТЕХНІКА». ПОХОДЖЕННЯ І РОЗВИТОК (ДО 20 РІЧНИЦІ З ДНЯ СТВОРЕННЯ)

The article highlights the activities of the department of architectural environment design of the Lviv Polytechnic National University over 20 years of the 21st century. Since it’s opening on November 28, 2003. It is highlighted why and how it was possible to implement educational ideas, which will be the basis of the concept of educational and creative activity of the department. The directions and catalysts of educational processes, means and measures for activating the individual educational potential of students are highlighted. Named teachers and their contribution to the department development. Named educational, scientific and design experiments, which are conducted at the department to establish new principles of design of the architectural environment, to rebuild destroyed buildings and revive distorted landscapes during the war in Ukraine and after the victory over the Russian Federation.

Фотолюмінесценція нанокристалічного CdTe, впровадженого в пористий кремній

A method of colloidal synthesis of monodisperse nanocrystals (NC) with high stability, narrow bands of photoluminescence (PL) and high quantum yield has been developed. The process of colloidal synthesis took place at room temperature and for the passivation of NC used a variety of surfactants. The surface of NC CdTe was modified by introducing them into a matrix, organic or crystalline. In our case, the matrix was porous Silicon (PS), that is a composite structure was formed on the basis of the matrix and NC semiconductor. Nanocomposite structures of PS – NC CdTe were obtained by introducing colloidal solutions of NC CdTe into the solid matrix of PS and subsequent processing at a certain temperature regime. The photoluminescent properties of a composite system in which the matrix is microcrystalline PS and the second component is NC CdTe deposited from a colloidal solution of NC CdTe have been studied. The peculiarity of this system is that both components have PL of different intensities.The large difference in PL intensities and different positions of the radiation bands allowed, comparing the PL spectra of the colloidal solution of NC CdTe, PS and NC CdTe – PS at different stages of introduction of CdTe nanoparticles into the porous Silicon surface, to identify the interaction and mutual influence of the two constituent materials. The main disadvantages of the method are its relative novelty, which leads to the need for empirical selection of some parameters of the synthesis. The planned change of properties of PS and colloidal solutions of NC CdTe by variation of technological methods of synthesis and processing methods will allow to control the physical properties of this composite system and use it to develop new principles of design and creation of new generation sensor devices.

Polar Morphologies from First Principles: PbTiO3 Films on SrTiO3 Substrates and the p(2×Λ) Surface Reconstruction

AbstractLow‐dimensional structures comprised of ferroelectric (FE) PbTiO3 (PTO) and quantum paraelectric SrTiO3 (STO) are hosts to complex polarization textures such as polar waves, flux‐closure domains, and polar skyrmion phases. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations can provide insight into this order, but are limited by the computational effort required. Within DFT, the novel multi‐site support function method is used to reduce the solution time for the electronic groundstate whilst preserving high accuracy. This allows for large‐scale simulations of PTO films on STO substrates with system sizes >2000 atoms. In the ultrathin limit, the polar wave texture with cylindrical chiral bubbles emerges as an intermediate phase between full‐flux‐closure domains and in‐plane polarization. This is driven by an internal bias field born of the compositionally broken inversion symmetry in the [001] direction. Manipulation of this built‐in field informs a new principle of design for control over chiral order on the nanoscale through the careful choice of substrate, surface termination, or use of overlayers. Antiferrodistortive (AFD) order locally interacts with these polar textures giving rise to strong FE/AFD coupling at the PbO terminated surface driving a surface reconstruction. This offers another pathway for the local control of ferroelectricity.

Task‐allocation in a large‐scaled hierarchical many‐core topology

SummaryAs more and more electronic devices get connected together, whole systems get more complicated in terms of development, maintenance and usage. New principles in design are needed to cope with this complexity. That is why we developed the artificial hormone system (AHS). The AHS enables an autonomous and decentralized task‐allocation among a set of processing elements (PEs). The AHS works good in small‐scaled nonhierarchical scenarios. For larger scaled and hierarchical scenarios, we developed the hierarchical artificial hormone system (HAHS) and presented a first abstract concept of the recursive artificial hormone system (RAHS). Both utilize the AHS in isolated smaller clusters of PEs to achieve the same functionality as the AHS with less communication. Thus, the whole task‐set will be split into smaller and disjoint task‐subsets which then will be distributed to the clusters. The HAHS uses a two‐level hierarchy with a second regulation cycle between all clusters. The RAHS on the other hand is designed to manage a n‐level hierarchy. In this article, we will present the first two implemented versions of the RAHS, their evaluation, and the comparison to the original AHS.

ФАКТОРЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ОТДАЛЕННЫХ СЕВЕРНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ КРАСНОЯРСКОГО КРАЯ

Statement of the problem. Education today acts as the most important driving force of social and economic development. It is the basis of innovation processes. But in different regions of Russia, this process goes with different intensity and efficiency. In a particularly difficult situation are the territories remote from scientific and educational centers. Northern regions of the Krasnoyarsk territory are among them. The article identifies and analyzes the factors influencing the development of the education system of one of remote Northern territories – the Yenisei district, with a compact population of indigenous peoples. The purpose of the article is to identify the development factors of the education system in the remote Northern regions of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The research methodology is based on the principles of competence and system-activity approaches. The object of the study is the currently formed education system. The study was conducted using methods of analysis, systematization, generalization and field experiment. This article is based on the method of field research, which included a survey of the administration of education, secondary school directors, and citizens. Questions for respondents were: availability and quality of education, security personnel, logistical support of educational institutions, use of digital technologies, additional education etc. The annual reports of the district Education Department were analyzed. Research results. The analysis, systematization and generalization of field research materials allowed identification of the main factors influencing the development of education system in the remote Northern territories of the Krasnoyarsk territory (Yenisei Siberia). Such factors included: the availability and quality of education, the transition to the Federal State Educational Standards of the second generation, the introduction of a system for assessing the quality of General education, the development of the material and technical base for General education institutions, taking into account the new principles of design, construction and reconstruction of buildings, the use of modern information and communication technologies, distance learning. Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to improve the education system of remote Northern territories, as well as to be taken into account in the development of municipal programs for the development of Northern territories.

New Principles in Design and Technology of Multi-junction Solar Energy Converters

New Principles in Design and Technology of Multi-junction Solar Energy Converters

Design of Enzyme‐like Complexing Polymer Sorbents and Metal‐Polymer Complex Catalysts with Memory to Substrates

AbstractSummary: A new principle of design of enzyme‐like complexing polymer sorbents and metal polymer complex catalysts has been developed. The principle is based on the use of memory of polymer composition and consists in conformational prearrangement of macromolecules of noncrosslinked complexing polymer favorable for sorbing metal ions and/or catalyzing substrate position followed by intermolecular crosslinking. It has been shown that prearranged polymer sorbents and catalysts demonstrate significantly improved sorption and catalytic properties.

Guest-host phenomena in macromolecule‐metal complexes

A new principle of design of complexing polymer sorbents and macromolecule-metal complex catalysts with memory to sorbing metals and catalyzing substrates in other words hosts able to recognize guests was developed. Polyvinylpyridines of different structure, polyethyleneimine and polyethylenepolyamine were selected for preparation of such sorbents and catalysts. Polymer sorbents and catalysts prepared using this principle exhibit guest-host phenomena and demonstrate significantly improved sorption and catalytic properties.

Design and production of recombinant subunit vaccines.

The development of subunit vaccines is presently the main strategy being evaluated for prevention of infectious diseases. The use of recombinant-DNA techniques has facilitated the development of new principles for design and production of subunit vaccines. First of all, the properties of a target protein immunogen can be improved by the use of gene-fusion technology or by the creation of specific changes, to generate 'second-generation protein vaccines'. Properties that can be modified include protein solubility, protein stability, in vivo half-lives, etc. In addition, for subunit protein vaccine candidates, the immunogenic properties can be significantly augmented by the addition of immunopotentiating tags or by means of targeting to immunoreactive sites. The recombinant subunit vaccine can furthermore be adapted by gene-fusion technology, to be efficiently incorporated into immunopotentiating adjuvant systems. Also in passive vaccination strategies, i.e. the use of antibodies or antibody fragments for prevention of infectious diseases, the recombinant strategies have become increasingly important. Humanized antibodies and antibody fusion proteins represent common present anti-infectious-disease agents. The selected examples will indicate that recombinant strategies will indeed have an impact on the design, selection and production of recombinant proteins to be used in the prevention of infectious diseases.

Illustration of a new principle of design: vehicle speed control

A fundamental objection to many control system design techniques is that the possible inputs to a system are considered in a vague manner, if at all. Zakian has introduced a new principle of design, called matching, which uses a simple set theoretic approach and results in quantitative design criteria in terms of the inputs. The principle of matching gives rise to a design framework applicable to multi-criterion design problems, to which a solution can be sought by interactive numerical methods. This gives independent control over conflicting design criteria and the ability to specify the controller structure. A significant development within the design framework is the ability to model accurately complex inputs with both persistent and transient characteristics. This paper illustrates the modelling of complex inputs, and uses the principle to design a cheap, reliable and easily implementable add-on automatic speed control (sometimes referred to as ‘cruise control’) system for motor vehicles. The final de...

Modern Optical Design Assessment and Spectacle Lenses

This paper investigates whether or not the application of modern methods of optical design assessment to the field of spectacle lens design will recommend new designs and/or new principles for design of single vision spectacle lenses. The aspects of the assumption of conventional spectacle lens design techniques, which is that the finite size of the stop can be ignored, are discussed. The tools for the investigation, raytracing and polychromatic optical transfer function schemas, are also discussed. Using examples, it is shown that the assumption of conventional spectacle lens design techniques is generally valid. In general, the application of modern methods of optical lens design assessment to the field of spectacle lens design does not recommend designs or principles for design other than those already recommended by conventional spectacle lens design techniques. However, it is possible that the use of complex aspheric surfaces, particularly for high powered lenses, may produce considerable lens coma w...

Facilities and Programs

Completion of the first spiral ridge cyclotron, a new addition to the family of proton accelerators, was announced recently by the University of California at Los Angeles. The design of the 49‐inch instrument, a spiral cloverleaf shape which keeps the protons in step with the dee voltage, permits continuous acceleration up to 50 Mev. In addition, spiral iron shims have been placed at intervals in the magnetic gap, altering the magnetic field in such a way as to focus the protons in a beam without putting them out of phase with the alternations of the electric field. The beam produced is 1000 times as intense as that achieved by the old 20‐Mev Lawrence cyclotron at UCLA. It is expected that the energy potential can be extended to 600 Mev without introducing any new principles of design.

Design and Development of Engines for High-Speed Flight

Engineering, according to our Senior Institution, is ‘the art of directing the great forces of power in nature for the use and convenience of man’. Mechanical engineering as applied to aeronautics is, I consider, mechanical engineering at its best. And this is not for any altruistic reason but because of the very real prizes to be obtained from improved performance and reduced weight. It is only 50 years since the first aircraft flew and now more people cross the Atlantic or the Continent of America by air than by all the alternative means available. The rate of advance has been terrific and the ever-changing picture has posed new problems and issued new challenges at every turn. Whilst it may be argued that the rate of development has stemmed principally from the military significance of aviation, the lessons learnt have been applied to civil transport. In addition, new materials, new techniques, new principles of design have greatly benefited other branches of engineering and stimulated other industries.

Tricycle Undercarriage Development

IN the U.S.A. the development of the tricycle undercarriage has made very rapid progress. Low‐powered aeroplanes fitted with a nose‐wheel have exhibited remarkable properties and led to investigations on the application of this type of undercarriage to larger and faster machines. These investigations covered several years, as the influence of the nose‐wheel on modern high‐speed aeroplanes was not fully understood; a new principle of design had to be obtained for which complete calculation was not possible, since no details of the loadings were available (first methods proposed for reception of loads—1938) and finally there remained the difficulty of finding room for the nose‐wheel since the nose of the aircraft was utilized for other purposes. For these reasons firms sucli as Boeing and Glenn L. Martin have not produced any tricycle undercarriage design up to the present. On the other hand, almost all the firms in the neighbourhood of Los Angeles, which is the centre of production, have included nose‐wheels in their design and even for military aircraft it does not appear likely that the tail‐wheel will be used in any new design.

Capacitor voltage transformers

The paper describes in a general way that class of voltage transformer which the authors propose should be termed the “capacitor voltage transformer” as distinct from the conventional electromagnetic voltage transformer.No claim is made for presenting any new principles of design, the main purpose of the paper being to establish a wider understanding of this class of voltage transformer with view to an extension in its field of application.Attempt is made to define the so-termed capacitor voltage transformer and to describe the operating principles in the simplest possible manner.Accuracy characteristics are explained, especially in regard to the possibility of adjustment for service burden conditions and limitations set up by practical considerations.Typical constructional features are described and possible applications are suggested.A mathematical treatise on the theory of the capacitor voltage transformer is given in an Appendix, and a Bibliography is included.