New Method For Separation Research Articles

In vitro extracellular vesicles' heterogeneity-related biological properties may be defined by a new method of separation and characterization

In vitro extracellular vesicles' heterogeneity-related biological properties may be defined by a new method of separation and characterization

Application of Supramolecular Chemistry in Undergraduate Laboratory: A New Method for Separation of Aminophenol Isomers by Cucurbit[6]uril

Application of Supramolecular Chemistry in Undergraduate Laboratory: A New Method for Separation of Aminophenol Isomers by Cucurbit[6]uril

Titanium-based metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti) for the highly selective isolation and purification of immunoglobulin G from human serum.

Titanium-based metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method of terephthalic acid and tetra butyl titanate in N-N,dimethylformamide, and methanol. MIL-125(Ti) was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed MIL-125(Ti) could be used as a potential adsorbent for protein separation and purification due to the high specific surface area, high stability, and strong hydrophobicity. As a result, MIL-125(Ti) had adsorption selectivity for immunoglobulin G, which was due to the hydrogen bond between MIL-125(Ti) and protein. At pH 8.0, the maximum adsorption efficiency of 0.25mg MIL-125(Ti) for 300μL 100μg/mL immunoglobulin G was 98.3%, and its maximum adsorption capacity was 232.56mg/g. The elution efficiency of immunoglobulin G was 92.4% by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis result demonstrated the successful isolation of highly purified immunoglobulin G from the human serum. Therefore, a new method of separation and purification of immunoglobulin G in human serum using titanium-based metal-organic framework MIL-125(Ti) as a solid-phase adsorbent was established, which broadened the application scope of metal-organic frameworks.

Suppression of reflected signals from substrate as clutters for cell measurements using acoustic impedance microscopy

Recently, a method for estimating three-dimensional acoustic impedance profiles in cultured cells and human dermal organs was proposed by interpreting the reflected ultrasonic signal based on a 1-D transmission line model for acoustic impedance microscopy (AIM). However, AIM has a disadvantage that reflected signals from cells overlap with that from a reference substrate. Additionally, the amplitudes of the reflected signals from the specimens are significantly weaker than that from the substrate. In this paper, we proposed a new method for separation of those signals based on a concept of clutter filter, which had been developed for a color Doppler method in medical ultrasonic imaging. The proposed filter using singular value decomposition (SVD) could separate original signals into desired signals such as those from the substrate and cells. Additionally, an effect from a tilt of the substrate was investigated in this study. Separability of the proposed filter was evaluated by two investigations. First one was to evaluate the separability by estimating a correlation coefficient between the filtered signal and signal reflected from a position only with the substrate. Second one was to compare a slope of the substrate estimated from the original signal with that estimated from the filtered signals from the substrate. The experimental results showed that the proposed filter could separate signals from the substrate, and the compensation of the tilt of the substrate could improve the performance of the proposed filter.

Meta‐separation: Improvement of Properties by Molecular Design of Metamaterials for Organophosphorous Flame Retardants

AbstractThe separation of liquid mixture has been studied for a long time. Separation proceeds based on the difference in physical properties including pore size and electrostatic interaction. Therefore, there are many difficulties in separation of materials having similar size and/or polarities in physical properties. Recently, meta‐separation which is novel separation strategy employing a metamaterial was reported. It utilizes the structural properties of metamaterials rather than electrostatic characteristics to separate water‐organic mixtures. Although it proposes a new method for separation of aqueous liquid mixtures, it has a low phase transition temperature and melting point. A newly designed and synthesized 12,12′,12′′,12′′′‐(pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetrayltetrakis(oxy))tetrakis(dodecan‐1‐ol)(PTOH) can significantly increase the thermal stability by replacing the end of the building block with a hydroxyl group. This dramatically improves the stability of the metamaterial in the xy plane through hydrogen bonding interaction, thereby increasing the phase transition temperature by 23.49 °C. Furthermore, organophosphorous flame retardants (OPFRs), critical hazardous organic compounds, are entirely eliminated from the water mixture by molecular metamaterial with PTOH.

Ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography method for separation and quantitation of saikosaponins in herbal medicine

Saikosaponins are the main active ingredients of Bupleuri Radix and have been shown to have hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and anti-viral activities. Among the saikosaponins, saikosaponin a (SSa), saikosaponin b1 (SSb1) and saikosaponin b2 (SSb2) are a group of isomers, which are difficult to separate by HPLC. In this study, a new method for separation and quantitation of saikosaponins was established by using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography (UHPSFC). A Torus Diol column (100 mm × 3 mm, 1.7 μm) was applied in this study. The mobile phase CO2 (A) was the main solvent with MeOH (B) as co-solvent. The results showed that the five saikosaponins were successfully separated within 22 min through optimization of chromatographic conditions. Besides, the UHPSFC method was applied for the quantitation of saikosaponins in a patent medicine Chaihu Dropping Pills, and demonstrated a good correlation coefficient (R2) ≥ 0.9990 in the range of 0.025 – 0.25 mg/mL. The recoveries of the five saikosaponins at three different concentrations were in the range of 90.23–99.84%. This study indicates that the proposed method has high separation efficiency in analyzing saikosaponins, which provides a new way for the separation and quantitation of saikosaponins in herbal medicines.

Combination of Modified QuEChERS and Disposable Polyethylene Pipet Assisted DLLME Based on Low Density Solvent Extraction for Rapid and Sensitive Determination of Fipronil and Its Metabolites in Eggs by GC-MS

In the present study, a new method for separation and enrichment of fipronil and its metabolites in eggs was proposed by combining a modified QuEChERS procedure with a disposable polyethylene pipet assisted DLLME (DPP-DLLME). The DPP-DLLME employed low density solvent as extractant and was conducted in a cheap, disposable polyethylene pipet with an open and narrow tip upside. After phase separation, the extractant was floating on the aqueous solution and concentrated in the narrow neck of the pipet, which can be directly withdrawn by a microsyringe for instrument analysis. By coupling with GC-MS detection, a new method for analysis of fipronil and its metabolites in eggs was established. The linearity range was 0.5–200 ng/g with correlation coefficient R2 higher than 0.9967. The recoveries in spiked egg samples were in the range of 89.3–103.8% with the RSDs less than 13.6% (intra-day) and 17.5% (inter-day). The limits of quantification for the four target analytes (fipronil desulfinyl, fipronil sulfide, fipronil, fipronil sulfone) in eggs were in the range of 0.2–0.3 ng/g, which was comparable or better to the previously reported methods. Finally, the established QuEChERS-DPP-DLLME method was successfully applied to detect fipronil and its metabolites in several egg samples with different brands from local market.

Separation of methylmercury from biological samples for stable isotopic analysis

A new method of separation and pre-concentration of methylmercury (MeHg) species from total Hg in biological samples for determining the MeHg isotope composition.

Analysis of the influence of the size of particles on the choice of design and mode parameters of the vibro-impact screen during dehydration and separation of materials

The article is aimed at the development of new methods of separation by size and dehydration of technogenic raw materials during vibro-impact screening. About 1 billion tons of coal enrichment waste with high coal content (25-70%) with up to 45% humidity have been accumulated in ash dumps and sludge settlers of Ukraine. A useful component can be removed from such waste. But traditional methods allow you to effectively separate only materials with particle sizes greater than 1 mm, and reduce the humidity of the finished product to 18-22% depending on the size The reasons for the decrease in the efficiency of these processes with a decrease in the particle size of the raw materials are analyzed. The conditions for increasing the intensification of these processes for raw materials of various sizes have been determined. The author analyzes the effect of particle size on the choice of mode and design parameters of a vibroimpact screen, which make it possible to intensify the loosening of raw materials and thereby increase the efficiency of separation by size and dehydration. Research data on dehydration and separation of materials with a size of + 0.4-1.0 mm are presented; + 0-0.4 mm and + 0-10.0 mm, where the average values of the results of five experiments in each mode are given. The proposed new method of vibroimpact screening is especially useful in the processing of technogenic raw materials of a wide range of sizes, when it is necessary to separate thin classes (as a rule, substandard product) and to dehydrate the finished (oversize) product as much as possible. The use of this method will increase the yield undersize product (-0.1 mm) to 75-80%, and reduce the humidity of the positive product to 4-7% As a result of the analysis for different classes of size the conditions provided are determined under which the maximum decrease in humidity and increase of minus product output is provided. The results obtained will be used to improve the process of separation by size and dehydration of technogenic raw materials, as well as to create a new vibro-impact screen.

Importance of gas input in aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF)

Aqueous two-phase flotation (ATPF) is a new method for separation of biotechnological products like enzymes from crude bio-suspensions. However, more research is needed to develop ATPF on its way to industrial use. Especially the gas input has to meet several demands.An appropriate bubble introduction could be realized via porous media. Bubble sizes were measured using image analysis methods. Impacts of system and flotation parameters on bubble size were monitored. The passage of bubbles through aqueous phase boundary was characterized and an appropriate bubble size window was found for efficient flotation and preventing phase mixing. Increasing the bubble surface area flux led to higher flotation rates and thus faster separation. A linear dependency of flotation rate constant and bubble surface area flux could be determined for ATPF of model enzyme phospholipase A2. The bubble surface area flux was found to be a key parameter for evaluating gas input.

Separation of actinium-227 and its daughter radium-223 from phosphogypsum

A new method for separation and purification of 227Ac and 223Ra from phosphogypsum was developed. 227Ac was leached from phosphogypsum using nitric acid solution (3 mol L−1), and purified using Dowex 1 × 8 and Dowex 50wx8 ion exchangers. The maximum separation recovery was about 86%. 223Ra was separated from the purified 227Th/227Ac solution using UTEVA resin, while RE resin was used to separate 227Ac from the mixture. The method can be used in the preparation of a source with an activity concentration of 10 kBq of 227Ac, by leaching one ton of phosphogypsum containing 11 Bq kg−1 of 227Ac.

Study of the Effect Operational Parameters on the Super critical Extraction Efficient Related to Sunflower Oil Seeds

Super critical extraction is a new method for separation of efficient processes and effective method for extracting a necessary foundation of solid or liquid material are suitable purity. Seed sunflower seed oil is the second one year after soy which is cultivated for its oil on the world. In this article, sunflower seed oil is extracted by liquid carbon dioxide in super critical conditions. Effects of temperature, pressure and grain size in the rate of extraction efficiency were the change in particle size among other parameters extraction efficiency because they have a role and the smaller the size, the efficiency is higher. Results proves is that temperature changes and pressure changes in comparison with particle size in the process of extraction efficiency was less effect because of reduced grain size increased 75 percent extraction efficiency. While the temperature increase of 16 percent and increasing pressure about 5 percent increase in extraction efficiency was observed.

A new method for separation of 97Ru from irradiated by α-particles molybdenum for nuclear medicine

A new method for separation of 97Ru radionuclide from irradiated by a-particles molybdenum, which potentially could be applied in nuclear medicine, is proposed. Carrier-free ruthenium-97 was separated from macroamounts of molybdenum and trace amounts of technetium by extraction chromatography on a commercial DGA sorbent. The distribution of 97Ru in the body organs of mice was studied.

A non-toxic for environmental electrolyte terminating for the analysis of stilbene derivatives by the isotachophoresis technique

ABSTRACT This work presents the new-generation terminating electrolyte for isotachophoresis analysis of stilbene derivatives. The terminating electrolyte used was the aqueous solution of 4,4ʹ-bis[(1-morpholiniomethyl)spirobi(1-sila-2,5-dioxacyclopentan-3-on)at]. Stilbene derivatives were used as test substances. In order to be able to use the new terminating electrolyte, the researchers developed a new method of separation and determination of biologically active stilbene derivatives. The use of the above-mentioned terminating solution enables determination within a much wider pH range (3–12) compared to the ones mentioned in the literature. Additionally, the electrolyte presented herein can be successfully used for determination of both cations and anions. Increase of electrophoretic technique popularity had an influence on several investigations. This number is still not immense, but it has the tendency to increase. Every paper increases our knowledge. This paper is an attempt of a synthesis of information concerning electrophoretic techniques.

An azine-linked covalent organic framework as stationary phase for separation of environmental endocrine disruptors by open-tubular capillary electrochromatography

In recent years, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) play an important role in the field of chromatographic separation. However, COFs are used rarely in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) so far, and the reported methods have not been applied to actual sample analysis. Herein, a novel azine-linked COF (N0-COF) coated capillary was prepared as OT-CEC separation channel and a new method for separation and detection of environmental endocrine disruptors, i.e., bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues was established. Under optimal separation conditions, the analytes were baseline separated by the N0-COF coated capillary with 20 min. The intra-day, inter-day and column-to-column relative standard deviations were 0.07–2.99%, 1.05–3.20% and 1.31–5.83% for the migration time; 1.68–5.50%, 1.52–9.24% and 4.04–9.14% for the peak area. The method was further applied to separate and determine BPA and its analogues in beverage samples, and the recovery ranged from 91.0–112.0%.

A new method for separation of As–Pb alloys: Vacuum distillation-condensation

As–Pb alloys exist in the smelting process of non-ferrous metals. Both arsenic and lead are toxic and need to be recycled. Vacuum distillation can be used to recover these metals, but the distilled materials still need to be processed by multiple distillation, which may waste of manpower and material resources. In this work, a new method of vacuum separation of alloys has been discovered which can be used to recover those metals with high efficiency at one time. The purity of condensate arsenic and lead were over 99.98% and 99.96% respectively by using this method. Furthermore, the condensation ranges of lead concentrates between 480 and 700 °C, and the arsenic concentrates between 200 and 310 °C when the pressure is 5–20 Pa. At the same time, this method also provided the theoretical basis and solutions for non-ferrous metal refining and alloys recovery.

Isolation and bioactive evaluation of flavonoid glycosides from Lobelia chinensis Lour using two-dimensional liquid chromatography combined with label-free cell phenotypic assays

Flavonoid glycosides are widespread in herbs and often used as medicines and nutraceuticals because of good bioactivities and low toxicities. However, due to their structural complexity and diversity, isolation of flavonoid glycosides and evaluation of their bioactivities are still highly challenging. To solve this problem, a new method for separation and preparation of novel flavonoid glycosides from Lobelia chinensis Lour (L. chinensis) was developed. To avoid the interference of non-flavonoids, a solid phase extraction method was used to selectively enrich the flavonoids from the total extract. Based on hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of the flavonoid chemical structure consisting of sugar residue and diphenylpropane (C6C3C6) skeleton, a structure-guided method development strategy was employed to design a 2D-HILIC × RPLC system in the first time. After optimization of chromatographic conditions, high selectivity and symmetric peaks of flavonoids were obtained on a zwitterionic Click XIon column and a polar-modified Atlantis T3 column. Based on these two columns, a 2 D-HILIC × RPLC system was constructed and successfully enlarged from the analytical level to the preparative level. In the first dimension, 20 fractions were obtained with good peak shapes at high sample loading. In the second-dimensional preparation, nine compounds were isolated and identified. Seven of them were novel flavonoid glycosides, lobelitin A-G, and two other known compounds were linatin and diosmin, respectively. Their target activities were evaluated via label-free cell phenotypic assays. Four novel flavonoid glycosides lobelitin A-D were found to have agonistic activities at G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35). These results demonstrated that this method was effective to orthogonally separate flavonoids at the preparative level, especially for novel active flavonoid glycosides. The discovery of flavonoid glycosides with novel agonistic activity on GPR35 also sheds light on the mechanisms of action of L. chinensis relevant to its clinical application.

Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Metal-Organic Frameworks for Sc(III) Selective Adsorption.

The increasing demand for rare-earth elements (REEs) due to their extensive high-tech applications has encouraged the development of new sustainable approaches for REE recovery and separation. In this work, a series of acrylic acid-functionalized metal-organic framework materials (named as y-AA- x@MIL-101s) were prepared and used for selective adsorption of Sc(III). The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and zeta potential and surface functional-group titration. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics data were accurately described by the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models. The adsorption capacity of the material for Sc(III), Nd(III), Gd(III), and Er(III) was 90.21, 104.59, 58.29, and 74.94 mg g-1, respectively. Importantly, the adsorbent was better for selective recovery of Sc(III) not only from the 16 REE mixed system but also the Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), Co(II), and Al(III) coexistence solution. Except for Sc(III), the material displayed high affinity for Nd(III) in the light rare-earth mixture and for Gd(III) in the middle rare-earth mixture. All in all, this study provides a new method for separation and recovery of REEs, which makes this work highly significant in separation and enrichment.

Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in male and female rats: A new method for exposure to ambient air pollution

In the previous studies regarding the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on biological markers and/or behavior of animals, the gaseous pollutants are not separated from the particulate matter (PM). Hence the synergetic effect of gaseous pollutants and PM was not considered. In this regard, current study was aimed to devolve a new method for separation of PM from gaseous pollutants. Also, the effect of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in rats after 3 and 6 months were investigated. Three chambers were designed including exposure group 1 (PM2.5 plus gaseous pollutants alone), exposure group 2 (gaseous pollutants alone) and control group (clean air). Exposure time was 5 h per day (9.00 a.m.–2.00 p.m.) for 4 days per week. The concentration of PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants (O3, NO2, and SO2) were monitored in the exposure hours, continuously. Concentration of PM2.5 by beta attenuation method and concentration of O3, NO2, and SO2 by UV fluorescence was monitored. Also, the concentration of metals including Al, Cr, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Fe, and Cu and 16-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound PM2.5 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) were analyzed, respectively. Cognitive-like behavior related to Alzheimer and depressive behaviors were determined by Y maze and Force swimming. The concentration of PM2.5 in the 3 and 6 months exposure was higher than WHO guideline, significantly (p-value <0.05). The concentration of O3, NO2 and SO2 in the 3 and 6 months exposure was lower than WHO guideline, significantly (p-value <0.05). The order of metals in the PM2.5 according to mean concentration Al > Ca > Cu > Cd > Na > Fe > Cr > Ni > Mn > Pb. Also, the sum concentration of 16-PAHs in the PM2.5 in the 3 and 6 months exposure was 45.7 ± 37.15 ng/m3 and 30.04 ± 25.27 ng/m3, respectively. Exposure to PM2.5 cannot significantly increase Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in the rats. Also, a significant difference between male and female in Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors not observed.•A new method for separation of PM2.5 from other PM in the ambient air by ECO-PM sampler was presented.•A new method for separation of PM2.5 from gaseous pollutants in the ambient air by HEPA filter and active carbon was presented.•Tow exposure groups including exposure 1: PM2.5 plus gaseous pollutants and exposure 2: gaseous pollutants only were designed for increased accuracy of the in-vivo study.•Exposure to PM2.5 cannot cause significant increased Alzheimer and depressive cognitive-like behaviors in the rats.

LITHIUM ENRICHING BY ISOTOPE 7Li WITH ELECTROMEMBRANE METHOD

The need for using isotopes in the nuclear power engineering, medicine, as well as in the sphere of control of engineering and construction facilities is increasing annually. However, the isotope separation methods do not allow to meet the need for production of a significant list of isotopes, including the purity of lithium isotopes. The process of amalgamation to date is the main technology of enrichment of 7Li in practical use. Other methods have very low separation efficiency and are not suitable for mass production. The present work is devoted to a new method for enriching the isotope 7Li, in parallel, the work presents the method of separating lithium isotopes by amalgamation modified by authors. The study relates to physical chemistry, in particular to electromigration processes and methods for separating lithium isotopes. A new promising approach for separating Li isotopes is the electrodialysis process using an ionic liquid as an electrolyte. Data on the relevance and uses of 7Li isotopes are given, the existing methods and criteria for the separation of lithium isotopes are considered. The article briefly describes the principle of the new technology, the regimes of enrichment experiments and the details of analysis of products obtained. Moreover, the new technology demonstrates the good environmental characteristics, it is amenable to mass production and has very low power consumption. However, it should be also emphasized that ionic liquids are very sensitive to impurities which inevitably appear in the electrolyte during separation process. One of the most important characteristics of isotope separation methods and technologies is the specific energy consumption, so currently the problem of reducing energy consumption is acute, for which it is necessary to create new methods for separation and purification of isotope systems and modernization of technologies already introduced in industry. The proposed method for enriching the 7Li isotope is carried out by controlling the process of electromigration of lithium ions through ion-exchange membranes in the electrolytic cell compartments. The work in the long-term future can ensure an increase in the efficiency of enrichment process for the 7Li isotope and a decrease in specific energy costs.