New Method For Counting Research Articles

Long-term memory for contemporary dance is distributed and collaborative

Professional dancers appear to be the embodied records of works of choreography that have been created, rehearsed and performed. Their precision in recalling extended sequences of movement developed for these works defies the conventional methods used to investigate memory. A distributed cognition view holds that memory will not only be individualistic, but also extended across a dance ensemble. Working closely with the highly skilled dancers of Australian Dance Theatre (ADT), we set out to develop an ecologically valid method that elicited memory recall and lapsing. Dancers were divided into two “teams” with each team asked to choose excerpts for memory recall from the company's extensive repertoire that would challenge individual dancers in the other team. There were 14 trials; 12 involved the dancers recalling dance excerpts on their own (solo condition) and 2 with a partner (duet condition). In the ADT studio, seven dancers recalled (reproduced) as much of the excerpt as possible in the absence of an accompanying soundscape. Recall was extensive, but contained lapses, and these recall failures form the core of the analysis in this study. Four novel types of memory recall were identified: static shapes, isolated movements, partial and full movement sequences; and two strategies for recall: looking for movement by moving and collaborative sketching. Four types of errors were observed: errors of detail, order, omission, and additions. Analysis was conducted through a new method of counting ‘choreographic items’. The most detailed recall (73–96%) was for the two duet excerpts with significantly poorer recall of excerpts from complex group sections of a dance. Movement gist was generally retained. The types of recall and types of errors observed pointed to the use of not only procedural memory and chaining but also contextual cues as aids to movement recall. Collaborative elements of recall were observed that suggest the importance of distributed cognition and collective memory within a contemporary dance ensemble.

Why and how we determine nephron number

The total number of glomeruli (nephrons) in a kidney is an important microanatomical parameter for at least three reasons: it provides an index of the success/extent of nephrogenesis and can thereby provide insights into the roles of specific genes and feto-maternal environmental factors in nephrogenesis; low nephron number has been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease in adulthood; and knowledge of quantitative kidney microanatomy can illuminate our understanding of physiological mechanisms in health and disease. A range of methods has been used to count glomeruli in kidneys over the past 100 years, with design-based stereology (the physical disector/fractionator combination) considered the gold standard. However, this approach is labor-intensive and expensive, and therefore is not utilized by most laboratories. A new method for counting and sizing every glomerulus in the kidney has recently been described. This method involves in vivo labeling of glomeruli with cationic ferritin, and then magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the ex vivo kidney. Values are obtained in one sixth of the time of disector-based approaches. This new MRI method holds great promise for studies of glomerular number and size ex vivo and in vivo.

Using the National Provider Identifier for health care workforce evaluation.

The establishment in recent years of a National Provider Identifier (NPI) offers a new method for counting and categorizing physicians and other health care professionals involved in clinical care. In this paper, I describe how the NPI is assigned, the information collected in association with assigning the NPI, potential ways to enhance information on health professionals through data linkages using the NPI, and how the assessment of the health care workforce could be improved by requiring health care professionals to update their information as a part of maintaining their NPI.

BioTimer Assay, a new method for counting Staphylococcus spp. in biofilm without sample manipulation applied to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm

The medical device-related infections are frequently a consequence of Staphylococcus biofilm, a lifestyle enhancing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility tests are usually performed on planktonic forms of clinical isolates. Some methods have been developed to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests on biofilm. However, none of them counts bacterial inoculum. As antibiotic susceptibility is related to bacterial inoculum, the test results could be mistaken. Here, a new method, BioTimer Assay (BTA), able to count bacteria in biofilm without any manipulation of samples, is presented. Moreover, the BTA method is applied to analyze antibiotic susceptibility of six Staphylococcus strains in biofilm and to determine the number of viable bacteria in the presence of sub-inhibitory doses of four different antibiotics. To validate BTA, the new method was compared to reference methods both for counting and antibiotic susceptibility tests. A high agreement between BTA and reference methods is found on planktonic forms. Therefore, BTA was employed to count bacteria in biofilm and to analyze biofilm antibiotic susceptibility. Results confirm the high resistance to antibiotics of Staphylococcus biofilm. Moreover, BTA counts the number of viable bacteria in the presence of sub-inhibitory doses of antibiotics. The results show that the number of viable bacteria depends on sub-inhibitory doses, age of biofilm and type of antibiotic. In particular, differently to gentamicin and ampicillin, sub-inhibitory doses of ofloxacin and azithromycin reduce the number of viable bacteria at lower extent in young than in old biofilm. In conclusion, BTA is a reliable, rapid, easy-to-perform, and versatile method, and it can be considered a useful tool to analyze antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp. in biofilm.

Propagating modes of a non-Abelian tensor gauge field of second rank

In the non-Abelian tensor gauge field theory a lower-rank field is represented by a general nonsymmetric tensor and describes the propagation of charged bosons of helicities two and zero. We clarify and prove this result from different perspectives which would include generalized Bianchi identities and the analysis of the corresponding partial differential equation. We suggest a new method for counting propagating modes in general gauge field theories. We derive also the expression for the energy–momentum tensor and confirm that its nonzero components get contribution only from helicity-two and helicity-zero states. We extended this analysis considering the interaction between two currents caused by the exchange of a tensor gauge field and proved that the residue at the pole is the sum of three terms each of which describes positive norm polarizations of helicity-two and helicity-zero bosons.

Flow‐Cytometric Method for Counting Very Low Numbers of Leukocytes in Platelet Products1

We provide a detailed description of a new method for counting very low numbers of leukocytes present in platelet products. The method uses fluorescent staining of leukocyte DNA using propidium iodide and flow cytometry. The assay is accurate over a range of leukocyte concentrations from 0.1 to 10 WBC/microliter. We validated the method using specially designed dilution studies and applied it to the measurement of leukocyte content in leukocyte-depleted platelet products prepared by apheresis or filtration. This method should prove useful in studies which address the clinical impact of leukocyte-depleted platelet products.

Poisson convergence and semi-induced properties of random graphs

Barbour [l] invented an ingenious method of establishing the asymptotic distribution of the number X of specified subgraphs of a random graph. The novelty of his method relies on using the first two moments of X only, despite the traditional method of moments that involves all moments of X (compare [8, 10, 11, 14]). He also adjusted that new method for counting isolated trees of a given size in a random graph. (For further applications of Barbour's method see [4] and [10].) The main goal of this paper is to show how this method can be extended to a general setting that enables us to derive asymptotic distributions of subsets of vertices of a random graph with various properties.

The thermal origin of spontaneous activity in the Limulus photoreceptor.

1. Discrete depolarizations of the photoreceptor cell membrane called discrete waves occur spontaneously and in response to illumination in the eye of the horseshoe crab, Limulus. Each light induced discrete wave is caused by the absorption of a single photon.2. The frequencies of spontaneous and light induced discrete waves were studied at different temperatures from 0 to 25 degrees C using a new method of counting them to avoid errors due to their temporal overlap.3. The frequency of spontaneous discrete waves followed the Arrhenius relationship with activation energy equal to 48.6 kcal.4. The frequency of the discrete waves caused by a fixed level of steady illumination was not significantly changed when the temperature of the cell was changed.5. The relationship of the frequency of spontaneous discrete waves to temperature was compared to a prediction based on the relationship of the quantum relative spectral sensitivity of the Limulus eye to the temperature of the eye. The prediction was in good agreement with observation and suggests that spontaneous discrete waves result from thermally induced cis to trans isomerizations of visual pigment molecules.

Comparison of methods of counting skin window coverslips A statistical analysis

Using the skin window technique, many investigators have expressed their results in terms of an increase or decrease of one cell type versus another on the skin window coverslips. These percentages of cell types are often then discussed as to how they represent the cellular aspect of inflammation and-lor hypersenrtsitvuity. The usual method of arriving (it these percentages of cell types is to count approximately 200 cells representative of the relative proportion of cell types seen on scanning a skin window coverslip. This method of counting (referred to as the “representative” method) was drought to be too -subjective, and a new method of counting was elaborated (referred to as the “fixed” method). Using the “fixed” method, one counts all the cells which fall under a given unit (e.g., a poiniter tip) as the, entire coverslip is viewed in a fixed pattern.: To compare' the two methods, the scatter of the samples obtained by the two methods was calculated by finding their standard deviations about, the true percentages of cell, types on each coverslip sampled. The true percentages of cell types were obtained by counting call the cells on the coverslips: Eight to 10 samples were -taken from each of coverslips by both methods (126 samples from a total cell population of .58,611). Samples obtained by the “representative” method had standard deviations twice those of the “fixed” method. The “fixed” method was found to come closer to the binomial standard deviations of the true percentages of cell types on the coverslips than the “representative” method. Hence the “faxed” method of counting is proposed as a new means-of sampling skin window coverslips.

An improved method of counting radioactive acrylamide gels

A new method for counting sliced acrylamide gels is described. The method essentially consists of dissolving the sample at the relatively low temperature of 37° with a mixture of H 2O 2 and NH 4OH.

A new method for counting labeled nucleic acids by liquid scintillation

A new method for counting labeled nucleic acids by liquid scintillation

A NEW METHOD FOR COUNTING BLOOD PLATELETS AND RELATION OF RESULTS OF THIS METHOD AND NORMAL VALUE

The advantages and disadvantages of the direct and indirect methods of counting blood platelets are subject to discussion, but factor of simplicity and long term preservation bring to the foreground the use of Fonio's method. However, failure attending this method in obtaining uniform distribution of the blood platelets and the erythrocytes in the blood smears may be pointed out. Therefore, as a modification of the smear technic and the character of the diluent used, a cover glass method of obtaining more uniform distribution of blood platelets and erythrocytes was conceived. As compared with Fonio's method, the number of blood platelets counted by the new method is definitely larger, and the normal value is found to be 520, 000 per cmm, a value believed to approach more closely the actual count.The characteristics of the new method are as follows:1) The viscosity of the diluent is rendered high as to give a uniform distribution of the erythrocytes and the blood platelets.2) The staining of the blood platelets is improved through altering the pH of the diluent to an alkaline character.3) Counting can be made immediately without fixation or staining.4) This technic is simple and the rate of destruction and agglutination of the blood platelets is low, thus giving more accurate values.5) The count is more stable as compared with Fonio's method.6) The blood platelets and the reticulocytes may be counted at the same time.The foregoing are the advantageous features of the new method, but a disadvantage is that fresh blood samples must be used, for which preservation must not exceed 24 hours, and special care in this respect must be taken in obtaining and counting of blood samples.

Une nouvelle technique pour le comptage des micelles d'un hydrosol à particules lyophobes

AbstractIt has been confirmed, that the classical method for counting hydrophobic particles by means of a slit ultramicroscope, was inaccurate.However if the apparent particle concentration is determined for different slit‐apertures, correct results can be obtained, by extrapolating to infinite aperture.This procedure is extremely tedious and time consuming. This lead us to propose a new method of counting, which is both more accurate and more rapid than the classical one. It does not need any statistical treatment of the experimental data. In fact every particle contained in a given volume is counted. The volume is so large that there are practically no concentration fluctuations. The particles are forced to pass one by one under the microscope.Results obtained by this technique, by extrapolation to infinite aperture and by electron microscopy, agree within 5%.

A new method for counting proportional represent ballots

A new method for counting proportional represent ballots

A NEW METHOD OF COUNTING THE CORPUSCLES OF THE BLOOD

A NEW METHOD OF COUNTING THE CORPUSCLES OF THE BLOOD