New Measure Of Value Research Articles

Data credit distribution: A new method to estimate databases impact

Abstract It is widely accepted that data is fundamental for research and should therefore be cited as textual scientific publications. However, issues like data citation, handling and counting the credit generated by such citations, remain open research questions. Data credit is a new measure of value built on top of data citation, which enables us to annotate data with a value, representing its importance. Data credit can be considered as a new tool that, together with traditional citations, helps to recognize the value of data and its creators in a world that is ever more depending on data. In this paper we define data credit distribution (DCD) as a process by which credit generated by citations is given to the single elements of a database. We focus on a scenario where a paper cites data from a database obtained by issuing a query. The citation generates credit which is then divided among the database entities responsible for generating the query output. One key aspect of our work is to credit not only the explicitly cited entities, but even those that contribute to their existence, but which are not accounted in the query output. We propose a data credit distribution strategy (CDS) based on data provenance and implement a system that uses the information provided by data citations to distribute the credit in a relational database accordingly. As use case and for evaluation purposes, we adopt the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology (GtoPdb), a curated relational database. We show how credit can be used to highlight areas of the database that are frequently used. Moreover, we also underline how credit rewards data and authors based on their research impact, and not merely on the number of citations. This can lead to designing new bibliometrics for data citations.

Competitividade internacional do Brasil à luz da fragmentação da produção e das cadeias globais de valor

Este artigo desenvolve uma análise pioneira da competitividade das exportações brasileiras no período 1995-2011, ao considerar o fenômeno das cadeias globais de valor (CGV). Calcularam-se os índices de competitividade market share e vantagem comparativa revelada (VCR) pelas vias tradicionais e por meio de medidas de valor adicionado, assim como índices de participação e posicionamento nas CGV. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma nova metodologia de decomposição matemática das exportações (KOOPMAN et al., 2014) e indicadores estimados por meio da matriz de insumo-produto global World Input Output Tables (WIOT). As análises demonstram que os índices tradicionais tendem a subestimar o desempenho de países localizados a montante nas CGV, como o Brasil, mas nas categorias “produtos primários” e “manufaturas de baixa-tecnologia” percebem-se uma superestimação dos índices tradicionais e uma queda das vantagens comparativas reveladas do país.

Infrastructure, trade facilitation, and network connectivity in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper uses new measures of value added in exports in two sectors (textiles and clothing, and agriculture) to examine the linkages between trade facilitation and infrastructure on the one hand, and value chain participation on the other. It applies network analysis methods to derive a summary measure of value chain connectivity for 189 countries, including 44 in Sub-Saharan Africa. There is a statistically significant association between this measure and summary indicators of infrastructure development and trade facilitation performance. Moreover, it is not only a country's own performance that matters, but also that of its neighbors. The regional dimension of infrastructure and trade facilitation policies is an important determinant of particularly SSA countries' ability to connect to global value chains.

From Sources to Sinks

A steadily growing world population, combined with shrinking supplies of natural resources, could be a global catastrophe in the making. Since the eighteenth century, economists have warned of this disastrous prospect where population growth outpaces the growth in food and other resources. Yet time and again, innovation has changed the equation. The true limit on society’s growth, however, may be Earth’s finite ability to absorb the waste by-products of human resource use and production. This article proposes changing the rules of economic production, using new measures of value like the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) or the Five Pillars of Economic Development (5P) to assure that future development planning includes maintaining nature’s capacity to absorb pollution and society’s capacity to absorb stressors, as well as providing continued access to raw materials, labor, and capital.

A Simple Method for Producing Core Scientific and Technical Journal Title Lists

The objective of this paper is to present a simple method for constructing core journal title lists in scientific and technical (ST) disciplines. This method is the invention of Bensman and is based on the theoretical foundation outlined in Bensman and Wilder (1998). The method requires the creation of a new measure of value called the Estimated Annual Citation Rate (EACR), which is derived from the Journal Citation Reports’ total citation variable. EACR allows researchers to compare the relative value of ST journals, and because it is an annual estimate of citations, it can be compared directly to subscription price to produce a measure of cost-effectiveness. The method is described along with an illustrative exercise using journals in physics and chemistry, and the value and cost results are presented.

New Measures of Value of Nonfarm Building for the United States, Annually 1850-1939

IN a preceding work, an effort was made to develop a new nation-wide series of the number of dwelling units erected annually in the United States since 1840.1 This series contained revisions of the prevailing estimates for the decade levels of building between 1890 and 1940 and added a full half century to our statistical annals of residential building. decade levels of the estimates up to 1910 were aligned to Census increments of housing stock and nonfarm labor force and were adjusted by rates of new residential building for these increments as found in the state of Ohio. In this paper, the same research effort is extended to estimation of the of nonfarm building, both total and residential. necessary preparatory data regarding the of building in Ohio over the period 1837-1912 has been disclosed elsewhere.2 We seek, first, to establish a reliable and consistent set of decade aggregates of new nonfarm building for the six decades before 1910. For this purpose, we have available periodic Census returns on standing stocks closely related to new nonfarm building activity: (a) the socalled value of nonfarm real estate, and (b) the nonfarm labor force. Periodic readings of the true of real estate will obviously reflect intervening activity in building. These readings will also reflect shifts in urban site values, as gauged by speculative opinion, underlying land improvement, and utilities (roads, sidewalks, water, and sewage, etc.) which become reflected in private land values, and rates of wastage or deterioration of existing stocks. Moreover, true will be variously gauged by analysts of different temperaments with access to different kinds of market information. True measures of reality are thus treacherous. Increments from a historic succession of such measures should have an early unpredictable range of error. We have known, however, from the work of Simon Kuznets, that the Censal surveys of value can be utilized to shed light on building activities.3 These Censal surveys were themselves conducted in the later Census periods with awareness of the difficulty of evaluation. And it is proposed here to use them not in their vulnerable form but in the light of Ohio experience with these same Censal surveys and the independently determined Ohio measures of building activity. A particular Censal survey of market values may have badly misgauged market or the scope of enumeration of property may have been altered, but if the survey did not utilize different standards of evaluation or enumeration in Ohio, the Ohio relationship between building and realty will be affected and the necessary correction can be imparted to the national returns. We have * author is Professor of Economics at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. This paper grew out of intensive research during the past four years into all phases of urban building cycles carried on with the aid of the National Bureau of Economic Research and particularly Dr. Moses Abramovitz. See progress reports on the inquiry in the Annual Reports of the National Bureau of Economic Research for 1962, pp. 48-51 for 1963, pp. 46-47, for 1965, pp. 53-54. An early version of this paper was presented to and discussed at the September 4 and 5, 1963 Conference on Research in Income and Wealth. Conference discussion, particularly the challenging comments of Dr. Paul David of Stanford University, helped to direct attention to contentious issues. 'M. Gottlieb, Estimates of Residential Building, United States I840-I939, (National Bureau of Economic Research, Technical Paper No. 17, 1964). 2 See M. Gottlieb, Building in Ohio Between 1840-1912, Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, Proceedings of Conference September 4 and 5, 1963, Output Employment and Productivity in the United States After 1800 (National Bureau of Economic Research, to be published), 243-290. 3 Simon Kuznets, National Product Since I869 (National Bureau of Economic Research, 1946), 202-215. See the further development of Kuznets' estimates in R. Goldsmith, The Growth of Reproducible Wealth of the United States of America from 1805 to 1950, International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Income and Wealth Series (1952) 225ff and Appendix Tables. Goldsmith found it feasible to utilize the value estimates of the 1850 Census as the basis for his 1850 wealth estimate (p. 317 and following) while Kuznets worked with the Census returns of 1880 and later.