New Generation Of Architects Research Articles

Data-driven bio-integrated design method encoded by biocomputational real-time feedback loop and deep semi-supervised learning (DSSL)

Today, under the imperatives of synthetic biology (Synbio), material-based design strategies are conceived as biofactories that can recapitulate the functionalities of living systems for developing building materials with controllable structural features. These strategies include biofabrication techniques such as vitro-culturing, Fabrication Information Modeling (FIM), growth parametrization, machinery systems, and genetic programming articulated bioproducts as the construction material for low-carbon buildings. However, these biophysical systems need interactive development by data-oriented models and decision-maker tools that can mine, measure, and re-configure the complexity in biological systems through monitoring and controlling in a higher integration toward systemic decision-making solutions. This research presents a real-time feedback loop as the bio-integrated design method for design and fabrication of Gluconacebacter Xylinus (GX) Bacterial Cellulose (BC) with Transfer Learning (TL) and Deep Semi-Supervised Learning (DSSL) through TensorFlow and Keras Python libraries. The loop started by mining datasets from BC growth via the VGG16 pre-trained model. In this stage, the loop can learn the material behavior over the growth process and attribute features to a measured BC thickness. Based on this attribution, the loop can drive real-time classifying of input datasets to thickness-based classes and guide the Region of Interests (ROIs) to a user-designed thickness till the captured features are fitted to the user-input class features. The training results over 8640 images show a 0.001 learning rate, an average loss of 0.18 (540 total steps), an accuracy of 0.706, and a precision of 0.752 for the feature extractor model. For the classifier, a 0.15 average loss (3375 total steps), an accuracy of 0.829, and a precision of 0.712 demonstrate the models' efficiency in pattern recognition and classification. Also, the loop operation persistently exhibits a more than 50% precision rate, displaying the loop's high performance in achieving user-designed 3D shapes. This research aims to a transformative shift in bio-integrated design based on feedback loops as the foundational step towards intelligent bio-digital design platforms. Also, this ground can break designing with biological systems based on desired tasks for the new generation of designers called biodesigners.

Tadao Ando’s Application of Fair-Faced Concrete Building Materials

In the world of architecture, fair-faced concrete has evolved from a utilitarian building material to a symbol of design innovation and aesthetic excellence. Tadao Ando, a renowned architect, has played a pivotal role in showcasing the possibilities and beauty of fair-faced concrete in his architectural works. The use and appreciation of fair-faced concrete by Tadao Ando have permanently altered the architectural environment. As a result of his imaginative use of the material, a new generation of architects and designers are today exploring the boundless potential of fair-faced concrete to create environments that are not only functional but also visually beautiful and profoundly connected to their surroundings. Ando's imaginative work has revolutionized modern architecture and raised the status of fair-faced concrete as a medium for aesthetic expression.

Unifying the design space and optimizing linear and nonlinear truss metamaterials by generative modeling

The rise of machine learning has fueled the discovery of new materials and, especially, metamaterials—truss lattices being their most prominent class. While their tailorable properties have been explored extensively, the design of truss-based metamaterials has remained highly limited and often heuristic, due to the vast, discrete design space and the lack of a comprehensive parameterization. We here present a graph-based deep learning generative framework, which combines a variational autoencoder and a property predictor, to construct a reduced, continuous latent representation covering an enormous range of trusses. This unified latent space allows for the fast generation of new designs through simple operations (e.g., traversing the latent space or interpolating between structures). We further demonstrate an optimization framework for the inverse design of trusses with customized mechanical properties in both the linear and nonlinear regimes, including designs exhibiting exceptionally stiff, auxetic, pentamode-like, and tailored nonlinear behaviors. This generative model can predict manufacturable (and counter-intuitive) designs with extreme target properties beyond the training domain.

Teaching and learning “Digital Wellbeing”

Nowadays, the traditional approach to supporting people’s digital wellbeing is providing them with digital self-control tools that can delay or block access to websites and mobile apps. As recent works demonstrate, however, such an approach is often ineffective, and developing proper boundaries to technology (over)use is still a challenge. In this paper, we support the idea that achieving digital wellbeing is a path of personal growth that requires education rather than restrictions, and that education may foster the emergence of a new generation of designers and practitioners that considers digital wellbeing and social good. To this end, we report on the results of a case study (N = 93) in an Italian university during which we measured the impacts and outcomes of a multidisciplinary course on the digital wellbeing topic. The course introduced the digital wellbeing research area from the HCI and psychology perspectives, and challenged students in the design and prototype of technological solutions respecting and promoting people’s digital wellbeing. Results from the case study confirm that educational solutions may positively impact students’ digital wellbeing and inspire them to prototype technologies for the social good, opening the way to exploring and establishing more sustainable design practices.

VREA PROJECT - A DIGITAL CURATOR FOR ARCHITECTURE AND DIGITAL PERSPECTIVES FOR HERITAGE MANAGEMENT AND ENHANCEMENT

Abstract. Thinking about architectural education, one must face the challenges of the ever-changing and digital world and bear in mind the figure of the architect of the future - the curator of digital data. Nowadays the aim is to train specialists who know how to manage the production of digital products and are able to face the challenges of digital change in the field of architecture and architectural heritage management. Virtual Reality Engineering and Game Design for Architecture and Cultural Heritage (VREA) will be a new Master’s degree course designed to generate a new professional figure in charge of the technological evolution and at the same time having critical sensitivity towards the architectural heritage, its conservation, and enhancement. These objectives received funding as part of the call of European Erasmus Mundus Design Measures (ERASMUS-EDU-2021-EMJM-DESIGN) for the development of new, innovative, high-level integrated transnational study programmes at the Master level. VREA project aims to create a basis for a new international joint Master level course to create a new generation of architects and engineers equipped with the cultural and technical knowledge for managing Digital Twins in the field of Cultural Heritage, outlining at the same time the future course of study for architects and engineers. The result of the work is an innovative, international and comprehensive programme, strengthening the competences of all project participants and aimed at educating architects and engineers of the future, prepared for the challenges of the 21st century.

Expanded Design between Design Activism and Collectible Design

The last three decades have witnessed in Europe an increasing interest from institutions, and creative communities in independent research connected to crafting, DIY, maker culture, and design activism. A new generation of designers has focused on the experimentation of processes, materials, and technologies used as a vehicle for socio-political and environmental messages and as the starting point of solid narrative projects. This paper aims to analyse this phenomenon inside the niche of Collectible Design, a field in recent years of great interest by galleries and institutions for its ability to embrace material and technological research as well as craftsmanship and art. We investigate the phenomenon, through a series of interviews with designers such as Shahar Livne, Eugenia Morpurgo, Pleun van Dijk, Tellurico, and Standard 404, selected for their ability to use experimental materials and technologies, as communicative media for reflections on systemic issues.

An integrating contextual approach using architectural procedural modeling and augmented reality in residential buildings: the case of Amman city

In architecture, context term refers to the surrounding area in which the building is situated. Context is crucial in architectural theory and practice when developing architectural vocabulary. Creating harmony with historic context amidst expanding development has been a primary concern and focus of designers since the mid-twentieth century. Contextualism theory refers to the interaction between new buildings and their surroundings, as well as the challenge of integrating new and existing structures to establish congruence and continuity. When using a contextual design method, an analysis of traditional architectural style has a considerable impact on a designer’s decision-making process (Lambe and Dongre, 2019). In this study, a general framework is proposed, which integrates shape grammar-based procedural modeling and augmented reality technology to create a harmonious environment through the generation of new designs based on the grammar of the existing architectural style of the residential buildings in Amman city without limiting the designer’s creativity of order to address the issue of Western architectural movements influencing the architectural style in Amman, which is incompatible with the city’s identity and it’s context. This approach was tested on a group of University of Jordan students, and the results were evaluated using a machine learning model. The effectiveness of this method was discovered, and it can be regarded as a step toward achieving spatial congruence.

Feedback systems in the design and development process

Feedback is essential in the design and development process, occurring in the generation of new designs, in the adaptation of development projects to emerging information, and in coordination and collaboration of project participants—among many other aspects. Feedback also contributes to development project complexity and may cause resistance to desirable changes. But despite the importance of feedback in the design and development process (DDP), relatively few publications have examined this topic in an integrated way. This article makes two contributions towards addressing the gap. First, a conceptual framework is developed to organise perspectives on feedback in the DDP literature. The framework shows how feedback occurs at different levels of the design and development process and how it affects important DDP behaviours, namely goal-seeking, learning and emergence. Second, a system-theoretic model of feedback situations in the design and development process is introduced to synthesise key ideas. We provide concrete examples to show how this new model can be used to frame DDP situations and draw out feedback-related insight.

Problem-Based Learning and Mind Mapping: Boosting Creativity in Architecture Education

This paper focuses on unlocking the creative potential of architecture students through an exploration of the Four C model of creativity. This model extends the traditional understanding of creativity and offers a comprehensive framework for fostering innovation in architecture. It introduces "mini-c" and "Pro-c" dimensions, highlighting creativity within the learning process and the attainment of professional expertise. Architecture demands a blend of technical skills and artistic expression for effective communication of ideas. However, nurturing creative thinking among architecture students faces challenges, including fear of experimentation and traditional teaching methods. To address these obstacles, the paper suggests integrating problem-based learning (PBL) and mind mapping techniques. PBL encourages collaboration and critical thinking, while mind mapping stimulates visual and associative thinking, aiding idea generation and organization. Additionally, the role of technology in architecture education is explored, emphasizing the benefits of mixed learning environments that enhance collaboration and creativity. Embracing technology readiness equips students with tools to tackle real-world challenges and create innovative designs. In conclusion, this paper underscores the importance of creative thinking in architectural design and its implications for the discipline's future. By adopting the Four C model, implementing PBL with mind mapping, and leveraging technology, educators can revolutionize architecture education, nurturing a new generation of architects prepared to shape the evolving world with imaginative and visionary designs.

Architecture’s Road to Sustainable Innovation

Current practice in the building industry is not sustainable. The United Nations 17 Sustainable Development Goals define a key set of the global challenges and targets that the world must move significantly towards to address the sustainability emergency. Architectural solutions, products and services contributing to the Goals are already there, in smaller scale. However, the bulk of the built environment is part of im-mense current challenges – the building industry is a major consumer of energy and natural resources, and a prolific producer of waste. To create new sustainable practice, we need to understand why new architectural solutions, products and services struggle to become market dominant. And we need to teach a new generation of architects and building professionals how to engage in, develop, sustain and promote emerging sustainable practices not yet formed. In this article we discuss findings from seven case studies to argue that dynamic capabilities are required for sustainable innovation to succeed. Rather than simply following established practise, navigating in emergent sustainable markets requires finding and forming new practise, which in turn make the ability to work freely among knowledge domains an essential capability in future professionals. This points to an educational potential in working with open-ended project- and problem-specific assignments to build the capabilities needed to reach sustainable change.

Submitting BIM to the Educational Plan for the Faculty of Architecture According to NARS and ARS Standards.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has imposed itself as a powerful engineering and technological tool over time. It's even become mandatory in some countries (UK) and is gradually gaining more and more awareness worldwide. Although that, BIM education is still a new concept even in some countries that are already implementing it in their various engineering and construction projects. This research aims to conclude with an educational plan and curricula for the faculty of architecture that contains BIM as the core of it. The methodology used in this research is the online-structured questionnaire, distributed to students and staff of the faculty of architecture at Al-Baath University which is the case study of this research. Architecture faculty undergraduates and graduates with different degrees were surveyed by an online-structured questionnaire, and the results of the questionnaire were gathered and analyzed using google forms. This study concludes with the proposed modified plan and curricula for the previously mentioned faculty in the light of the theoretical study, questionnaire results, and similar experiences around the world. This new plan is expected to prepare a new generation of architects who are High-tech qualified and fully aware of BIM and its general ideas, which makes it easier for these architects to emerge within the job market and fulfill AEC firms' requirements of course this would also help to promote the university's reputation and help to spread BIM education among other local universities and also to other engineering competencies.

A key design parameter proposal for aerodynamically efficient subsonic blended wing body

PurposeBlended wing body (BWB) is a very advantageous design in terms of low fuel consumption, low emission and low noise levels. Because of these advantages, the BWB is a candidate to become the commercial passenger aircraft of the future by providing a paradigm shift in conventional designs. This paper aims to propose a key design parameter for wing sizing of subsonic BWB and a performance parameter for calculating the lift/drag ratio values of BWBs.Design/methodology/approachThe parameter proposed in the study is based on the square/cube law, that is, the idea that the wetted area is proportional to the power of 2/3 of the weight. Data on the weight, wing area, wingspan, lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio for 19 BWB used in the analyzes were compiled from the published literature and a theoretical methodology was developed to estimate the maximum lift to drag ratio of BWBs. The accuracy of the proposed key design parameter was questioned by comparing the estimated L/Dmax values with the actual values.FindingsIn the current study, it is claimed that the wingspan/(take-off gross weight)(1/3) parameter provides an L/D efficiency coefficient regardless of aircraft size. The proposed key design parameter is useful both for small-scale BWB, that is unmanned aerial vehicles BWB and for large-scale BWB designs. Therefore, the b/Wg(1/3) parameter offers a dimensionless L/D efficiency coefficient for BWB designs of different scales. The wetted aspect ratio explains how low aspect ratio (AR)-BWB designs can compete with high AR-tube-and-wing designs. The key parameter is also useful for getting an idea of good or bad BWB with design and performance data published in the literature. As a result, reducing the blending area and designing a smaller central body are typical features of aerodynamically efficient BWB.Originality/valueAs the role of the square/cube law in the conceptual aircraft design stage has not been sufficiently studied in the literature, the application of this law to BWBs, a new generation of designs, makes the study original. Estimation of the wetted area ratio using only wingspan and gross weight data is an alternative and practical method for assessing the aerodynamic performance of the BWB. According to the model proposed in the current study, reducing the take-off gross weight of the BWBs using lighter building materials and designing with a larger wingspan (b) are the main recommendations for an aerodynamically efficient BWB.

Review: Cold War and Architecture: The Competing Forces That Reshaped Austria after 1945

Review: <i>Cold War and Architecture: The Competing Forces That Reshaped Austria after 1945</i>

On GANs, NLP and Architecture: Combining Human and Machine Intelligences for the Generation and Evaluation of Meaningful Designs

Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) hold considerable promise in architecture, especially in the early, creative stages of design. However, while GANs are capable of producing infinite numbers of new designs based on a given dataset, the architectural relevance and meaningfulness of the results have been questionable. This paper presents an experimental research method to examine how human and artificial intelligences can inform each other to generate new designs that are culturally and architecturally meaningful. The paper contributes to our understanding of GANs in architecture by describing the nuances of different GAN models (SAGAN vs DCGAN) for the generation of new designs, and the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the conceptual analysis of results.

Economic Efficiency of Highly Mixed Use Buildings. (Dept. A)

Architecture has experienced a strong restoration over the last eras of the twenty’s cen-tury, leading to the appearance of a new generation of architects that were inspired by the designs which had been made by pioneers such as Zaha Hadid , Gharry and Norman foster . As they integrate the designs by the current technology and their own creativity. Which leads to a variety of types, forms and functions of the buildings all over the world such as - multi use, mixed use and multifunctional buildings which are the signif-icance of sustainable architecture. Multifunctional buildings are growing rapidly, especially in downtown spaces, repro-ducing a modern design or management approach that avoids urban problems. Also con-tribute to the regeneration of the urban areas where people can live and work in one building that contain stores, theatres, exhibitions, government workplaces, private ac-commodation settled in one building which has been designed to fit any function. In the Upcoming years, the internal spaces inside buildings must produce an economical progress and living sustainability. Also, the concept of multi-functional buildings can add a language that expresses the sustainable ecology for life processes. So, the liability issue is for what value the ideal meaning of the multi-functional buildings can fit the meaning of sustainability in an eco-efficient way. Finally, the paper presents some of the different aspects that are related and influence the idea of the urban concept of multi-functional building and economic sustainability

The architect’s task: the use of models as structural expressionism

In the above cited quote, Kevin Roche, a principal associate at Eero Saarinen’s architectural practice in 1957, recalls an early morning discussion about the design of the Trans World Airlines’ (TWA) Flight Center. Roche’s story about Saarinen reminds us that at the beginning of an architectural project, a solution may come from any variety of sources, not least of all from everyday objects. This was certainly the case for Saarinen, who found the seed for his design of the structural shells of the TWA Flight Center in the rind of a grapefruit. Despite its seeming novelty, Saarinen is not unique in his approach to the generation of architectural form with models; the Greek-French composer, architect and engineer Iannis Xenakis, who while working with Le Corbusier in 1957, used strings and thick wire to design the hyperbolic shell for their Philips Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels Expo. That a model will play a defining role in an architect’s approach to structural design is also demonstrated by the ‘spherical solution’ that Jørn Utzon discovered while stacking models of his Sydney Opera House’s shell roofs. These explorations with the expression of structure emerged at a time when a new generation of designers, including Eduardo Torroja, Pier Luigi Nervi and Felix Candela, had realised a handful of buildings using models to study and test structural form.

Beogradski arhitekta Milivoje Tričković (1895-1981)

At a time when Belgrade was recovering from the ravages of war, one of the basic requirements of development was the renovation or reconstruction of the devastated building stock, and the erection of new buildings due to the ever-increasing influx of newcomers into the capital of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. A major role was played in this process by the Technical Directorate of the Municipality of Belgrade, whose architectural department worked diligently on the (re-)construction of the capital. One of the most important architects of the Technical Directorate was the Paris-trained Milivoj Tričković. Although he did not leave behind a large number of buildings, he influenced the development of the architectural profession, both through his publications and writings, and - arguably even moreso - through his role as a professor at the Faculty of Architecture in Belgrade. The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of Milivoj Tričković, both as an architect in the construction of Belgrade in the interwar period through new attributions of individual buildings, and in the development of the architectural profession through the education of new generations of architects, by providing an overview of his most significant professional achievements.

On the aesthetic significance of imprecision in computational design: Exploring expressive features of imprecision in four digital fabrication approaches

Precision of materialized designs is the conventional goal of digital fabrication in architecture. Recently, however, an alternative concept has emerged which refashions the imprecisions of digital processes into creative opportunities. While the computational design community has embraced this idea, its novelty results in a yet incomplete understanding. Prompted by the challenge of the still missing knowledge, this study explored imprecision in four digital fabrication approaches to establish how it influences the aesthetic attributes of materialized designs. Imprecision occurrences for four different digitally aided materialization processes were characterized. The aesthetic features emerging from these imprecisions were also identified and the possibilities of tampering with them for design exploration purposes were discussed. By considering the aesthetic potentials of deliberate imprecision, the study has sought to challenge the canon of high fidelity in contemporary computational design and to argue for imprecision in computation that shapes a new generation of designs featuring the new aesthetic of computational imperfection.

LATEST ATTEMPTS IN CONTEMPORARY IRANIAN ARCHITECTURE IN SEARCH FOR AUTHENTICITY

The conflictions between homogeneity and universal values suggested by Modernism and traditional values resulted in a variety of ideas generated as a search for authenticity all over the world. Iran is known as one of the countries which imported the modern ideas directly to a society, which was still living with and respecting the traditional values. This challenge between the two seemingly conflicting poles of tradition and modernism resulted in three periods in the history of contemporary Iranian architecture. Now, it seems that Iranian architecture has entered to a new period regarding the interpretation of authenticity. Since novelty and relation with the past are known as the main indicators of the concept of authenticity, in this research it is tried to explore the ideas of seven pioneers of the new generation of architects in Iran around these concepts. These architects are amongst the most well-known young architects of Iran who have won more than 3 prizes in Memar (Architect) competition which is the most prestigious architectural competition in the country. To find out the interpretation of these architects about the concept of authenticity, inclusive interviews have been realized with these architects. Then, using recursive abstraction method, it is tried to find out the main points in definition of the concept of authenticity by each architect. In addition, some of the completed projects of theses architects have been visited and analyzed to find out the reflection of their ideas related to authenticity in their projects.

Educating a ‘Creative Class’: Anti-Disciplinary School Architecture in the Early 1970s

ABSTRACT In 1970, Sim Van der Ryn, professor of architecture at the University of California in Berkeley, together with a group of collaborators, who included the schoolchildren themselves, embarked on a series of experiments in alternative school designs. The emphasis was on breaking down the institutional spatial order into smaller, ad hoc, personalised spaces, or else spaces for unexpected encounters. By the early 1970s, a new generation of architects had begun to critique what they considered to be the repressive ideological apparatus of the classroom, with its rigid seating arrangements, furnishings, lesson plans, and hourly divisions – in short, the whole pedagogical apparatus of what Michel Foucault called the ‘disciplinary society’. While this and similar experiments, I argue, had limited effect on subsequent school buildings, most of which remained institutionally conventional, they foreshadowed the work spaces of new companies in Silicon Valley and elsewhere that promoted creativity and collaboration among elite employees.