New Forms Of Addiction Research Articles

New form of addiction: An emerging hazardous addiction problem of milk tea among youths

BackgroundMilk tea has experienced tremendous growth in popularity in China, especially among youths. The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether milk tea addiction may have a detrimental impact on youths' mental health, such as anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, we aim to explore its potential role in influencing various mental health outcomes. MethodsA large-scale, cross-sectional study was conducted from 5281 college students in Beijing, China. Participants self-reported depressive, anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, and milk tea addiction symptoms including milk tea consumption, dependence, guilty feelings, withdrawal, tolerance, unable to stop, craving, and intention to stop. ResultsNearly 77 % of participants consumed milk tea at least 6–11 cups in the last year. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the one-factor structure of the milk tea addiction scale, developed according to DSM-5 substance use guidelines. Moreover, we found that a higher level of milk tea addiction was significantly associated with a higher risk of depression (b = 0.24, p < 0.001), anxiety (b = 0.21, p < 0.001), and suicidal ideation (b = 0.06, p < 0.001), respectively, after controlling confounding variables, among youths consuming milk tea. The possible mediating role of milk tea addiction between loneliness feelings and mental health outcomes was further addressed. Conclusions and implicationsOur findings highlighted that milk tea consumption might lead to addiction, and it is associated with depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Current findings can assist policymakers in developing regulations such as restricting advertising, providing psycho-education, establishing food hygiene standards for such a prosperous youth-dominant consumption industry while protecting their mental health.

The use of electronical devices and relative levels of Nomophobia within a group of Italian nurses: an Observational Study

&#x0D; Background: In healthcare, the use of smartphones and other electronical devices are becoming important tools among health professionals. Thanks to these devices, there are new methods of assistance. However, if used incorrectly, they may cause distraction during clinical practice. The excessive use of such devices has generated a new form of addiction in the workplace named nomophobia, a phobia still little explored in literature. We reported an analysis of the frequency and method of use of these electronical devices. The primary aim of the research was to investigate the level of dependence on electronic devices (nomophobia) and the digital habits of nurses. Secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the possible association between nomophobia and distraction in the workplace.&#x0D; Methods: A transversal multicenter study was conducted on a sample of Italian nurses, using the Nurses’ Use of Personal Communication Devices Questionnaire and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q).&#x0D; Results: 34.1% of the sample (n=184) declared that they used smartphones and other electronical devices a moderately during working hours. 20.2 % (n=109) used them frequently and 8.9% (n=48) uses devices during working hours constantly. However, 44.0% (n=222) never uses health apps for patient medical assistance, the 32.9% (n=166) never uses learning apps or apps for professional development. 16.6% (n=87) admit that the use of these devices negatively affected their working performance (mean 80.5; SD 40.1). Study participants showed moderated levels of nomophobia (media=50.34; SD=29.0).&#x0D; Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate the scares use of such electronical tools to implement adequate care among Italian nurses. Nomophobia can have significant impact on the risk of making mistakes. Future studies should examine not only nurses but also other help professionals and support staff, to bring out an underestimated dimension.&#x0D;

Kako digitalno doba oblikuje um mladih

The paper explores changes that occur in the human mind as a consequence of life in digital age. The specific subject of the analysis is the impact on the human mind and overall human activity of human existence dominated by screen culture, where mobile phones, tablets, iPods, computers have become inevitable parts of everyday life. Through the analysis of the thought process of teenagers, who are now refered to in literature as "screenagers" and whose life is characterised by copy-paste education, decline of reading culture and new forms of addiction to technology and its impact on their behaviour, this paper will show that this new high-tech culture has led to emergence of increasingly difficult direct, offline interpersonal communication and to a decline of social skills. The main goal of the research is to determine how the mind of a modern man works today in the age of electronic markets, web-economy, social networking, cybercrime, love at first "site" and how the human mind reacts to the effect of technology on our privacy.

La bottega della psichiatria: l'operare psichiatrico a quarant'anni dalla Legge 180

Some important aspects characterize the movement of humanistic from John Conolly to Wilfred R. Bion and Franco Basaglia, up to the many colleagues who intervened in the debates published in the last issues of the journal Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane around the 40 years of the Italian Law no. 180/1978 that provided for the closing of Psychiatric Hospitals. Among these aspects there are a culture of acceptance and inclusion, respectful and affectively rich, and the abil-ity to understand and treat psychiatric patient without relying only on descriptive diagnoses and overt symptoms. These aspects can be considered an antidote to a return of mental asylums and of a mental attitude and an ideology of exclusion that can come back in any moment. Many Commu-nity Mental Health Centers tried to deal the new forms of psychopathology (eating disorders, adolescent crises, depressions in the elderly, personality disorders, new forms of addiction, etc.), while other Centers remained attached to ideological or self-referential approaches. Two concept are discussed: the idea of craftsmanship of psychiatry, sensible to improvements and open to external influences; and the idea of psychiatry as a discipline at the border of different areas of expertise and specialized in the relationship with the Other (institution, biological psychology, sociology). This psychiatry is light and poor without being fragile. Italian psychiatry should be proud of these 40 years after the Law no. 180/1978: Psychiatric Hospitals, differently from any other country of the world, are still closed. Pessimism could be an alibi to avoid further progress, and future developments of humanistic psychiatry are possible.

Adicción a la pornografía: interferencia atencional y gravedad del consumo

Introducción: El aumento del uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TICS) e Internet en nuestra sociedad ha potenciado la aparición de nuevas formas de adicción. Una de las más relevantes por sus implicaciones sociosanitarias sería la adicción al cibersexo, y más en concreto, el visionado excesivo de pornografía online. Numerosos estudios apuntan que, en determinadas personas, el visionado de pornografía puede sobrevenir excesivo e incontrolado, generando graves problemas en las diferentes áreas de la vida. Por ello, es importante explorar aquellos factores que actúan como predisponentes o mantenedores de este problema. Se postula que uno de ellos podría ser la capacidad que tiene el material pornográfico para atraer y consumir recursos atencionales (cue reactivity), generando una interferencia en la atención a otros estímulos relevantes. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo sería explorar la relación entre la interferencia atencional inducida por la exposición a contenidos pornográficos y la severidad de dicha conducta. Método: A fin de evaluar dichos sesgos atencionales, se desarrolló una tarea experimental que se aplicó a participantes con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 35 años. La tarea experimental consistía en responder a una tarea Stroop al mismo tiempo que los participantes eran expuestos a cuatro tipos de video (pornográfico, serie de televisión, videojuego y contenido poco interactivo -un vídeo de un hombre leyendo el periódico-). Los participantes recibían la premisa de ignorar los videos y centrarse en responder de la forma más rápida y certera a la tarea Stroop. Resultados: El nivel de interferencia atencional inducida por la pornografía en comparación a la inducida por los otros tipos de contenidos se evalúo a través del contraste de los tiempos de reacción medios y los aciertos y errores de cada ensayo Stroop. Dichos resultados, donde se aprecian importantes diferencias entre las distintas condiciones experimentales, se exponen de forma detallada durante la presentación del presente trabajo. Conclusiones: Este estudio confirma la capacidad de distintos contenidos multimedia (entre ellos, la pornografía) para atraer y consumir recursos atencionales, así como la relación entre la capacidad de interferencia atencional y su potencial adictivo. Así, resulta primordial plantear nuevas aproximaciones clínicas que den relevancia a este aspecto tanto a nivel de evaluación como a nivel de tratamiento e intervención directa.

An Explorative Model to Assess Individuals’ Phubbing Risk

Phubbing could be defined as a new form of addiction; however, checking the phone and ignoring the speaker could also be linked to the increased availability of virtual social environments. We developed a multidimensional model for phubbing considering psychological dimensions and information and communication technology related habits. We collected data through online questionnaires and surveys. The best model obtained from our data was constituted by Information and Communication Technologies’ (ICTs) usage behaviours, Trait Anxiety, Virtual Sense of Community and Neuroticism. Finally, our study confirmed a strong connection between phubbing and online addiction behaviours.

Bases, Challenges, and Main Dangers for Deploying Cybersecurity in Industry 4.0

Cybercrime is making waves bigger and bigger in the global economy. Attack companies are adding up, as advances in the scanning of production and work processes make their data easier to prey. Hackers are forming their sights, especially in companies with business models dependent on the availability of digital infrastructures and content. Since the digitization of production and products is constantly deepening the integration, both inside and outside companies, the task of connecting any gaps to protect data availability, integrity and confidentiality increasingly devours the management of time and money. All manufacturing companies are potentially exposed to the risk of cyberattacks, as the root cause of each threat is a new form of addiction. All industrial production chains depend increasingly complex and interconnected, often digital goods, as well as the constant exchange of data, information and knowledge. There is no doubt the benefits of this smart network give companies up and down the value chain. The downside is that it leaves them more vulnerable to digital attacks as the number of points of contact with the outside world increases. In this paper we introduce the context of the problem at hand, ie the cybersecurity challenges for Industry 4.0. Next, we present aspects resulting from a bibliographic study on the subject, which highlights an example of an algorithm that provides security and information stored in Cloud Computing. I develop a topic on current Cybersecurity assessment scenarios, emphasizing an example of a deeper approach. The biggest security risks for Industry 4.0 are presented, where the most commonly used methods for cyber-attacks in Industry 4.0 are spelled out. A set of defense methods are exemplified. It summarizes a set of strategic principles for building a security system. Finally, the main layers are cybersecurity to Industry 4.0.

EVALUATION OF THE NOMOPHOBIA’S PREVALENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON SCHOOL PERFORMANCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN MOROCCO

Social networks are a new form of addiction to technology and are beginning to take place in the moroccan society in the last decades, especially among children and adolescents. Furthermore the Nomophobia is a new form of addiction to new generations of mobile phones. Because of the importance of their speed spread and their influence on the person's future and interpersonal relationships, we conducted a study to calculate the degree of Nomophobia in adolescent population. It is through the establishment of a questionnaire for a sample of 541 adolescents including 298 girls and 243 boys of young Moroccans and a test on Nomophobia NMP-Q. The statistical result stated that 69.1% of girls and 63% of boys have Nomophobia in a moderate and severe state, and that the Smartphone is more solicited than the laptop with a negative correlation between school performance and the score of Nomophobia. Thus, poor school performance and mental disorders in adolescents can be explained by taking Nomophobia.

Prehending Addiction: Alcohol and Other Drug Professionals' Encounters With "New" Addictions.

This article investigates the ways new forms of addiction are encountered by professionals working in the area of alcohol and other drugs. Combining interviews with policymakers, service providers, and peer advocates in three countries (Australia, Canada, and Sweden), and Mike Michael's utilization of the notion of prehension for science communication, we track the notions of addiction, drugs, and subjectivity that emerge when alcohol and other drug professionals encounter what Fraser, Moore and Keane call the addicting of nonsubstance-related practices. The analysis has three parts: constituting addiction unity, questioning addiction unity, and conflicting logics of addicting processes. We argue that specific articulations of drugs and health and specific health professional and addiction subjects are made anew in these encounters. These notions of drugs, health, and subjectivity shape how alcohol and other drug professionals engage with substance-related addictions. In concluding, we consider the implications of new addictions for professional practice.

Depression among Users of Social Networking Sites (SNSs): The Role of SNS Addiction and Increased Usage

Background: Previous literature suggests that increased usage of social networking sites (SNSs) can have a detrimental effect on mental wellbeing [1,2]. Furthermore, increased SNS usage has been found to result in the development of a new behavioral addiction: SNS addiction [3]. This new form of addiction to social networking is shown to predict depression in users of SNSs [4,5]. Objective: As the rates of people who use SNSs are rising, the current study aimed to identify relationships between SNS usage, SNS addiction and depression, with a focus on SNSs used today that have not been researched before, namely Instagram, Twitter and Snapchat. Methods: A cross-sectional online study was conducted on a sample of 103 young adults. Each participant filled out a questionnaire consisting of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale Revised (CESD-R), Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT), along with general questions relating to SNS use. Results: The results of the current study suggest that Instagram use (β = .24, p ≤ .05) and SNS addiction (β = .32, p = .001) were significant predictors of depression. The results also showed that Instagram use predicted SNS addiction (β = .22, p < .05). No such relationship existed between Facebook, Twitter or Snapchat and SNS addiction or depression. Conclusion: The results indicated that both Instagram use and SNS addiction were related to depression, and that Instagram use was related to SNS addiction. Results are explained from a uses and gratifications perspective. Further research using longitudinal designs is needed to establish the direction of this relationship.

103. Reward Sensitivity and “unbalance” cortical effect as a biomarker of new addictions. A multi-method study

The present study explored the effect of cortical lateralisation activity during the decisional process in a gambling context. It is assumed that increasing of the left DLPFC activity and personality trait make subjects’ strategies more disadvantageous and “gambling” during an online game. Twenty-one subjects were tested using the IGT and GO/noGo task while the EEG was registered and alpha-band modulation was considered. Secondly, the Behavioral Activation System (BAS)/Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) scale was used to test the effect of reward sensitivity. Moreover, metacognitive questionnaire was applied. It was found that high-BAS subjects increased their tendency to opt in favour of the immediate reward rather than the long-term option, while a significant increasing of the left-hemisphere activation was found in response to immediate reward choices compared to low-BAS subjects. Finally, they tended to have difficulties to inhibit the automatic response, and they showed dysfunction of metacognitive abilities. A reward bias effect was supposed to explain both the bad strategy and the unbalanced hemispheric activation for high-BAS subjects. These findings could have important repercussions in the social context for the prevention of dysfunctional behaviours that affect compulsive disorders like new forms of addiction.

Effect of Family Climate on Internet Addiction among College Students of Bathinda District

Internet is a worldwide, decentralized network of hundreds and thousands of computers linked to each other through satellites orbiting in the space. Presently internet is not only limited to computers but also includes millions of people who are connected to each other through the internet. It has emerged as a major source of communication. On the one hand it has helped lets millions of people to express themselves and communicate with people separated by millions of kilometers; on the other hand it makes people dependent. The advent of computers has given birth to a new form of addiction called internet addiction. The symptoms of internet addiction not only resemble the symptoms substance addiction but also are equally harmful. The severity of internet addiction has made American Psychological Association include it into the appendices of DSM-V. Lot of research has been initiated to see the variables playing a vital role in the development of internet addiction. As the family is the most significant unit in every individual’s life, so the present study aims to see the relationship between family climate and internet addiction.

Dual Pathological Dependence On Alcohol and Araliaceae Stimulators: Problem Identification and Integrated Approaches to the Treatment

Abuse of pharmaceuticals and formation of addiction states became an urgent problem in Ukrainian narcology. The purpose of the research is to identify problem of dissemination of new forms of addiction to Araliaceae galena and tablets and to search effective integrated treatment remedies. Officinal alcohol tinctures Extractum Eleotherococci Fluidum, Tinctur? Ginseng , ?inctura Aralia? mandshurica and their alcohol-free tablet analogues are the pattern representatives of this group. Their intensifying excitation, psychostimulation, tone up, antistress, euphoriant effects attract drug addicts. Non-medical abuse specific features, typical somatoneurological, mental, pathopsychological, behavioral and social consequences (increased tolerance and megadoses attainment, cross-tolerance phenomenon, pathological inclination and discontinuation syndrome formation, mental and physical dependence) prove narcogenic potential availability in Araliaceae drugs. Chronologically, in majority of the patients dependence made a debut as alcoholic dependence and then it transformed into combined dual (dual alcohol + Araliaceae) or lucid (Araliaceae only) one. Formation of Araliaceae dependence on tablet pharmaceutical forms of Araliaceae drugsis possible. Dual dependence significantly complicated the clinical picture of addiction and determined therapeutic resistance. The research demonstrates the author's method for dual pathology treatment in which with the aim to stop the addiction to alcohol and Araliaceae the examinations were prescribed: conventional pharmacotherapeutic detoxication including membrane plasmapheresis, laser therapy modifications; electroauricular reflexotherapy; microwave resonance therapy; anticonvulsant and thymoleptic Carbamazepine (Finlepsin). The proposed integrated treatment demonstrated expressed sedation, reduced internal strain, anxiety and irritability as well as mood improvement, cessation of alcohol and Araliaceae stimulators inclination. The work discusses mechanisms of therapeutic effects of the proposed complex.

PO-0945 How To Deal With Abuses Of The Internet In Adolescents?

Introduction The modern world of living, raises the question of recognition of new forms of addiction, such as the internet and gambling. The aim of the study point to the excessive use of the Internet and gambling in adolescents Novi Sad. Material and methods Our target group were students aged 14–18 years, from 2009 to 2012 th year, which are treated in the school clinic Health Centre Novi Sad. Students filled in an anonymous questionnaire with the following data: patient sex, age, how many hours a day they spend in internet gambling and how neglecting school work. Results The survey covered the 589 (87.49%), adolescent girls than that number was 270 (45.78%) boys and 319 (54.22%). On the internet daily for more than an hour of his time 284 (48.25%), during the evening and late at night not sleeping 189 (32.16%). Neglect of homework assignments for the internet is present in 162 (27.56%) students. When asked if they would stop visiting the Internet responded to the 90 (15.26%) students with no 150 (25.47%) students. Number of students who gamble with 74(12.63%). Consciousness to neglect their school and family obligations answer is 128 (21.76%) students. Conclusion Every day, unfortunately, a growing number of children who are dependent on internet-new lifestyle. To solve this problem it is necessary to daily physical activity or at least three times a week, socialising and communication with peers live, instead of staying long hours at the computer.

Development of Korean Smartphone addiction proneness scale for youth.

This study developed a Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale (SAPS) based on the existing internet and cellular phone addiction scales. For the development of this scale, 29 items (1.5 times the final number of items) were initially selected as preliminary items, based on the previous studies on internet/phone addiction as well as the clinical experience of involved experts. The preliminary scale was administered to a nationally representative sample of 795 students in elementary, middle, and high schools across South Korea. Then, final 15 items were selected according to the reliability test results. The final scale consisted of four subdomains: (1) disturbance of adaptive functions, (2) virtual life orientation, (3) withdrawal, and (4) tolerance. The final scale indicated a high reliability with Cronbach's α of .880. Support for the scale's criterion validity has been demonstrated by its relationship to the internet addiction scale, KS-II (r = .49). For the analysis of construct validity, we tested the Structural Equation Model. The results showed the four-factor structure to be valid (NFI = .943, TLI = .902, CFI = .902, RMSEA = .034). Smartphone addiction is gaining a greater spotlight as possibly a new form of addiction along with internet addiction. The SAPS appears to be a reliable and valid diagnostic scale for screening adolescents who may be at risk of smartphone addiction. Further implications and limitations are discussed.