New Cases Of Traumatic Brain Injury Research Articles

Effects of Sensorimotor Stimulation Program with and Without Routine Physical Therapy on Balance and Cognitive Performance in Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A randomized Controlled Trial

The term "Traumatic brain injury (TBI)" has replaced the phrase "head injury." A disturbance in neuronal activity caused by the application of a quick, abrupt, and unbearable mechanical force is classified as traumatic brain injury. Every year, around 1.7 billion new cases of TBI are recorded worldwide. Objectives: To compare the effects of Routine physical therapy and Routine physical therapy along with Sensorimotor stimulation program on balance and cognitive performance in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Methods: A total of 64 patients were divided into two groups, each including 32 people. Those in Group A got routine physiotherapy, whereas patients in Group B also received sensorimotor stimulation. Patients were randomized to groups at random using a lottery system. The study was intended as a single RCT with blinding. The duration of the intervention was sixteen weeks. Data was gathered on the first day prior to the implementation of treatments, then again after eight weeks, and finally after sixteen weeks. The obtained data was evaluated using the Berg balance scale and the Rancho loss amigos scale. Results: In group A, balance before treatment was 21.90±5.43 and after treatment of 8th and 16th weeks it was 25.93 ± 4.977 and 39.62 ± 5.68. Mean of cognition before treatment was 5.15 ± 0.94 and after treatment of 8th and 16th weeks it was 5.468 ± 0.802 and 5.90 ± 0.85 with p-value < 0.05. In group B balance before treatment was 21.43 ± 5.17 and after treatment of 8th and 16th weeks it was 27.12 ± 6.59 or 52.78 ± 2.70, mean of cognition before treatment was 5.12 ± 1.00 and after treatment of 8th and 16th weeks it was 6.250 ± 0.87 and 7.70 ± 0.4 with p-value < 0.05. Conclusions: The study concluded that both treatment plans were effective for balance and cognitive performance but sensorimotor along with physical therapy significantly better outcomes as compared to conventional physical therapy treatment.

Reactive oxygen species-activated nanoprodrug of Ibuprofen for targeting traumatic brain injury in mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an enormous public health problem, with 1.7 million new cases of TBI recorded annually by the Centers for Disease Control. However, TBI has proven to be an extremely challenging condition to treat. Here, we apply a nanoprodrug strategy in a mouse model of TBI. The novel nanoprodrug contains a derivative of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen in an emulsion with the antioxidant α-tocopherol. The ibuprofen derivative, Ibu2TEG, contains a tetra ethylene glycol (TEG) spacer consisting of biodegradable ester bonds. The biodegradable ester bonds ensure that the prodrug molecules break down hydrolytically or enzymatically. The drug is labeled with the fluorescent reporter Cy5.5 using nonbiodegradable bonds to 1-octadecanethiol, allowing us to reliably track its accumulation in the brain after TBI. We delivered a moderate injury using a highly reproducible mouse model of closed-skull controlled cortical impact to the parietal region of the cortex, followed by an injection of the nanoprodrug at a dose of 0.2 mg per mouse. The blood brain barrier is known to exhibit increased permeability at the site of injury. We tested for accumulation of the fluorescent drug particles at the site of injury using confocal and bioluminescence imaging of whole brains and brain slices 36 hours after administration. We demonstrated that the drug does accumulate preferentially in the region of injured tissue, likely due to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) phenomenon. The use of a nanoprodrug approach to deliver therapeutics in TBI represents a promising potential therapeutic modality.

The Spectrum Captured: A Methodological Approach to Studying Incidence and Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury on a Population Level

Objective: Drawing on the experience of conducting the Brain Injury Incidence and Outcomes New Zealand in the Community study, this article aims to identify the issues arising from the implementation of proposed guidelines for population-based studies of incidence and outcomes in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Study Design and Setting: All new cases of TBI (all ages and severities) were ascertained over a 1-year period, using overlapping prospective and retrospective sources of case ascertainment in New Zealand. All eligible TBI cases were invited to participate in a comprehensive assessment at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Results: Our experience to date has revealed the feasibility of case ascertainment methods. Consultation with community health services and professionals resulted in feasible referral pathways to support the identification of TBI cases. ‘Hot pursuit’ methods of recruitment were essential to ensure complete case ascertainment for this population with few additional cases of TBI identified through cross-checks. Conclusion: This review of proposed guidelines in relation to practical study methodology provides a framework for future comparable population-based epidemiological studies of TBI incidence and outcomes in developed countries.

Brain and spinal cord injury in Australia – economic cost and burden of disease

BackgroundDespite rapidly increasing knowledge of the biological, physical, emotional and social impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), understanding of the economic impact of these injuries...