New Applications In Various Fields Research Articles

SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF NEW COMPLEXES BASED ON SILVER NANOPARTICLES, BISACETYLACETONETHYLENEDIIMINE REAGENT AND CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE

This article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between azo reagents and silver nanoparticles (AgNP), highlighting significant advances in analytical chemistry and materials science. The integration of silver nanoparticles with azo compounds has shown remarkable improvements in sensitivity, selectivity, and catalytic activity, leading to new applications in various fields. The article highlights the principles of ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV), discusses experimental methodologies, and elucidates the insights gained into the nature of the complexes formed between silver nanoparticles and azo compounds. Today, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles is widespread due to their many applications in various fields. In the presented article, silver nanoparticles were obtained by the green synthesis method. At the same time, the bisacetylacetonethylenediimine (R) reagent was synthesized and new complexes of nanoparticles were synthesized based on the cetylacetonethylenediimine (CTAB) reagent and acetyl trimethylammonium bromide. The complexes were investigated by UV spectroscopy and the optimal formation conditions were determined. It was determined that the optimal formation of the complex is observed at concentrations of 0.01 M of silver nanoparticles, 10-³ M of the reactant, and 0.5% of the surfactant. UV analysis of the synthesized complexes was conducted, and it was determined that the R reagent gives a maximum peak at the wavelength of 223 nm, 270 nm, 299 nm. During the UV study of the synthesized complexes, it was determined that the binary complex is 227 nm, 272 nm, 308 nm, and the maximum wavelength of the peaks of the ternary complex formed by adding CTAB as a stabilizer is 214 nm, 243 nm, 285 nm. Keywords: silver, nanoparticle, CTAB, complex, reagent.

Study of Ni/Y2O3/Polylactic Acid Composite.

This study demonstrates the successful synthesis of Ni/Y2O3 nanocomposite particles through the application of ultrasound-assisted precipitation using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique. They were collected in a water suspension with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the stabiliser. The presence of the Y2O3 core and Ni shell was confirmed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and with electron diffraction. The TEM observations revealed the formation of round particles with an average diameter of 466 nm, while the lattice parameter on the Ni particle's surface was measured to be 0.343 nm. The Ni/Y2O3 nanocomposite particle suspensions were lyophilized, to obtain a dried material that was suitable for embedding into a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The resulting PLA/Ni/Y2O3 composite material was extruded, and the injection was moulded successfully. Flexural testing of PLA/Ni/Y2O3 showed a slight average decrease (8.55%) in flexural strength and a small decrease from 3.7 to 3.3% strain at the break, when compared to the base PLA. These findings demonstrate the potential for utilising Ni/Y2O3 nanocomposite particles in injection moulding applications and warrant further exploration of their properties and new applications in various fields.

Realizing depth measurement and edge detection based on a single metasurface.

How to simultaneously obtain the depth, edge, and other light information of the scene to accurately perceive the physical world is an important issue for imaging systems. However, such tasks usually require bulky optical components and active illumination methods. Here, we design and experimentally validate a single geometric metasurface that can achieve depth measurement or edge detection under incoherent or coherent light respectively. Double helix point source function is utilized, and three verification experiments are carried out, including double-helix beam calibration, 2D object and 3D object detection, respectively. Additionally, two-dimensional edge detection can also be achieved. This compact imaging system can enable new applications in various fields, from machine vision to microscopy.

Visible‐light‐switchable azobenzenes: Molecular design, supramolecular systems, and applications

AbstractPhotocontrol of functional molecules and supramolecular systems provides promising directions for the development of innovative materials and technologies. Reversible photoswitches that can isomerize among different states play a vital role in such photoresponsive systems. However, the commonly used UV light for triggering the isomerization of photoswitches such as azobenzene (AB) has limited their applications in functional material systems because UV light penetrates poorly and causes damage to materials or biological tissues. Accordingly, tremendous endeavors have been devoted to the development of visible‐light‐switchable molecules and expand their new applications in various fields. Herein, we highlight the strategies of molecule design for visible‐light‐switchable ABs by discussing the effects of benzene substituents on the absorption spectrum. Based on this, visible‐light‐responsive supramolecular systems with metal–organic frames, cyclodextrins, nanoparticles, and biomolecules (DNAs, peptides, and proteins) are elaborated. Then, the light‐responsive mechanical properties and their emerging applications in actuators, biological systems, information storage, energy storage, nonlinear optical devices, and photoswitchable adhesives are discussed. Finally, a summary of the challenges and perspective on visible‐light‐switchable ABs are outlined.Key points Structural design strategies for visible‐light‐responsive azobenzenes Visible‐light‐responsive supramolecular azobenzene systems in different research areas ranging from chemistry to biology Their light‐responsive mechanical properties and emerging applications

Green-Graphene Protective Overlayer on Optical Microfibers: Prolongs the Device Lifetime.

Optical microfibers find new applications in various fields of industry, which in turn require wear resistance, environmental friendliness and ease of use. However, optical microfibers are fragile. Here we report a new method to prolong the microfiber lifetime by modifying its surface with green-extracted graphene overlayers. Graphene films were obtained by dispergation of shungite mineral samples in an aqueous medium. For this, we tapered optical fibers and sculptured them with graphene films mixed with gold nanoparticles. We observed that due to the surface modification the lifetime and survivability of the microfiber increased 5 times, as compared to the bare microfiber. The embedded gold nanoparticles can also be utilized for enhanced sensitivity and other applications.

Technical Analysis and Qualitative Overview of High Power Lasers with Emphasis on Fiber Lasers and Diode-pumped Solid-State Lasers having Potential for Applications in Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering

The use of high power lasers has recently picked up in Engineering, especially Aeronautics and Aeronautical Engineering. This paper gives an overview of such applications with emphasis on the role of Erbium doped Fiber lasers, and diode-pumped solid-state lasers. Some Novel lasers like Random Lasers, X-Ray free electron lasers, Photonic Nano cavities, Ring resonators, and Spin lasers have been mentioned. Efforts being made in finding their new applications in various fields including research have been pointed out. The interest shown by defaces organizations and research institutions in investing lots of funds for new applications have been outlined. Some discussion on the Carbon dioxide lasers, Hydrogen fluoride lasers, and Cascaded Raman lasers has been presented. Erbium doped Fiber amplifiers and Diode-pumped solid-state lasers have been discussed at length. Some experimental results available in the literature have been technically discussed. A qualitative review of the important studies in this field has been given. The paper should be useful for the optical engineers engaged in the research work in this evolving field.

Fish and Rat as Models to Assess Environmental Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles

Nano-sized particles of less than 100 nm in diameter are attracting the scientific community due to their wide range of new applications in various fields including biophysics, material and medical sciences. Nanoparticles of noble metals such as silver have been found to reveal significantly distinct physical, chemical and biological properties from their bulk counterparts. As industrial production of nano-sized particles is increasing day by day, their dissemination in natural environments is also at an increase. This is leading to substantial water and soil pollution. Finding the adverse effects of such nano-sized particles on different faunal species is thus of utmost importance. In the present paper, toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on fish and rat models have been presented so as to have a view about the type of the damage posed by them. This study will not only add to the existing knowledge about the toxic effects of silver nanoparticles on faunal species but also help in formulating future pollution controlling programs.

High peroxidase-like activity of iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots and its application in immunosorbent assay

Herein, iron and nitrogen co-doped carbon dots (Fe-N-CDs) were synthesized through a solvothermal method assisting with the microwave synthesis system for the first time. Multiple techniques were employed to characterize the properties of the obtained particles. The emphasis of current work was the confirmation of their intrinsic peroxidase activity due to the Fe doping, which is similar to natural ferriporphyrin. Through catalyzing the oxidization of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of H2O2, the Fe-N-CDs exhibited a superior catalytic performance over horseradish peroxidase (HRP), suggesting their potential applications in catalytic area. Furthermore, the Fe-N-CDs were coupled to antibody as the biocatalyst instead of HRP (commonly used in enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA)). Results of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determination demonstrated the feasibility of this approach, a detection limit as low as 0.1pg/mL within 5min has been achieved. These advances may trigger research interest in Fe-N-CDs and their new applications in various fields.

Ultra-Thin Flexible Electronics with the Enhancement Inverter Based-on Pentacene Thin Film Transistor

Thin film technology is advancing the research on fully flexible system for new applications in various fields, such as electronics, sensors and energy harvesting. In particular, thin film transistor (TFT) based flexible circuits have been studied for diagnostic devices, solar-cells, and flexible display. Although many companies and research groups have presented semi-flexible devices; a fully flexible system has not shown the sufficient result in terms of mechanical and electrical performance. Recently, inorganic-organic hybrid type TFTs have been developed and it shows the useful performance. However, the devices show limited performance at extremely small bending radius (< 1mm). In order to overcome the limitations, many researchers have suggested various solutions such as new materials of high mechanical strength, neutral strain position fabrication and ultra-thin substrates. Among these solutions, ultra-thin substrate is promising in the field of smart-skin, implantable device and patch-type biosensor. Depending on the decreasing substrate thickness, the strain strength also decreases dramatically. In this study, we demonstrate a nm-level ultra-thin device based on pentacene TFT, using de-bonding-technology. For de-bonding, a double layer of PVA and PAA based water soluble release layer was spin coated on the glass substrate. Subsequently, we coated the buffer layer on the release layer. The Al as gate electrode was deposited on the buffer layer by thermal evaporation. PMMA was then spin-coated and baked at 100 °C for 30 min. The pentacene and gold layer was deposited using thermal evaporation. CYTOP material was used for the passivation of the device. Finally, the device was de-bonded in double deionized water followed by curing at 75 °C for 30 min. Based on this process, we fabricated the nm-level thick TFT and enhancement inverter. After de-bonding process, the nm-level ultra-thin device showed good performance compared with the initial device before de-bonding.

ChemInform Abstract: Recent Research Progress in the Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Ferrocene‐Based Derivatives and Polymers with Azobenzene

AbstractReview: 101 refs.

Recent research progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of ferrocene‐based derivatives and polymers with azobenzene

Aromatic azobenzene derivatives are outstanding organic photochromic compounds that possess unique photochemical properties. These compounds are widely used in research and development for various applications, especially in information storage, owing to their ability to isomerize between cis (Z) and trans (E) forms under the influence of light of different wavelengths. On account of these advantages, many efforts have been made to generalize the use of azobenzene derivatives. Furthermore, ferrocene‐based polymers and derivatives are promising candidates for functional materials due to their unique redox properties. By interlinking ferrocene with azobenzene, novel functional materials can be obtained that will integrate the excellent properties of both and will provide new applications in various fields including information storage, ion recognition, molecular devices, etc. This article provides an overview of the synthesis, properties and applications of novel ferrocene‐based polymers and derivatives containing azobenzene units. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

A Review of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis Methods, Properties and Applications

In recent years, nanoparticles of noble metals such as gold, silver and palladium have drawn immense attention due to the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Particularly, silver nanoparticles have significant interest in medical applications such as very effective antibacterial agents without the toxic effects, and industry application such as inkjet inks containing well uniform dispersions of nano-sized silver particles that are useful for producing electronic circuits. It is important that the silver nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of nano-size, but also synthesis of the nanoparticles to be produced easily and at low cost. Over the past few decades, many synthetic methods of silver nanoparticles have been studied. This paper aims to review different synthesis routes of silver nanoparticles and their applications. In particular, we mainly present several chemical approaches to preparing silver nanoparticles and their properties as well as applications based on our recent studies. The focus is on effective and efficient synthesis of pure colloidal silver nanoparticles with high electrical conductivity and their potential application.

Advanced humanin vitromodels to assess metal oxide nanoparticle-cell interactions

Abstract

Triple stimuli-responsive amphiphilic glycopolymer

Triple stimuli (temperature/pH/photo)-responsive amphiphilic glycopolymer, poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-6-O-methacryloyl-1,2,3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-D-galactopyranose)-b-poly(4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy methacrylate) [P(DMAEMA-co-MAIpGP)-b-PMAZO] was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization, followed by the hydrolysis of MAIpGP groups, resulting in the target product poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-6-O-methacryloyl-D-galactopyranose)-b-poly(4-(4-methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy methacrylate) [P(DMAEMA-co-MAGP)-b-PMAZO]. The composition, moleculer weight, and moleculer weight distribution of the resultant polymers were characterized by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. The micelles formed in aqueous solutions were simulated by various chemical and physical stimuli and characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that the glycopolymer is responsive to three different types of stimulus (light, temperature, and pH). The poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) segments give thermo- and pH-responsiveness. The presence of the azobenzene moiety endows the block copolymer to exhibit light-responsiveness due to its reversible trans-cis isomerization conversion. The triple stimuli-responsive glycopolymer micelles can simulate biomacromolecues in vivo/in vitro environment and can be expected to open up new applications in various fields. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2131–2138

An unusual example of morphology controlled periodic mesoporous organosilica single crystals

Morphology and size controlled mesoporous single crystals are of special significance in various applications. In this work, ethane-included PMO single crystals with cubic and truncated-cubic morphologies have been prepared by self-assembling the surfactant and organosilica precursor in aqueous solution. The PMO single crystals are highly uniform in external morphologies and the particle sizes can be trimmed down to less than one micrometre. With the cubic pore structure, the relatively small particle sizes, and the easily-functionalized organic groups embedded in the pore walls, the PMO single crystals may find new applications in various fields.

Recent Patents on Agrobacterium-Mediated Gene and Protein Transfer,for Research and Biotechnology

Agrobacterium has been widely used, in the last decades, for genetic transformation of a large number of plant species, and the genes and DNA sequences involved in this process have been subject of numerous patents. This review focuses on recent discoveries, which have shown new possibilities for the utilization of this versatile microorganism. For example, the identification of an ever-increasing number of the bacterial and plant factors involved in the Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer and integration may lead to new applications in various fields of research and biotechnology. One of the main challenges in the Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer technology is to achieve a better control of the integration and expression of transferred genes in the host cells and to apply it for targeted integration into the host genome or gene replacement (a technique not yet available in plants). In addition to genetic transformation of plants, under laboratory conditions, the host range of Agrobacterium can be extended to virtually all eukaryotic species, as demonstrated for various fungi, sea urchins, and animal cells. Not only can Agrobacterium transfer DNA to these very diverse hosts, but also its virulence machinery is able to inject proteins into the host cell, independently of the DNA transfer. Thus, Agrobacterium represents a universal gene and protein transfer machine.

Practical guidelines for dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy

Dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) allows for the determination of molecular mobility and concentrations and for the quantitative analysis of molecular interactions such as binding or cleavage at very low concentrations. This protocol discusses considerations for preparing a biological system for FCCS experiments and offers practical advice for performing FCCS on a commercially available setup. Although FCCS is closely related to two-color confocal microscopy, critical adjustments and test measurements are necessary to establish successful FCCS measurements, which are described in a step-by-step manner. Moreover, we discuss control experiments for a negative cross-correlation artifact, arising from a lack of detection volume overlap, and a positive artifact, arising from cross-talk. FCCS has been applied to follow molecular interactions in solutions, on membranes and in cells and to analyze dynamic colocalization during intracellular transport. It is a technique that is expected to see new applications in various fields of biochemical and cell biological research.

Microstrip gas chambers: Recent developments, radiation damage and long-term behavior

In the past years the technology of Microstrip Gas Chambers (MSGC) has made considerable progress offering a variety of possible new applications in various fields of research. MSGC are used to detect neutrons, X-rays, synchrotron radiation and VUV light as well as the full range of ionizing particles in nuclear and high energy physics. A variety of systematic studies led to a considerable increase in understanding of the functional principle and limiting parameters of the MSGC technology and enabled improved performances. In view of the large (HERA-B) and very large (CMS) detector systems planning to use MSGC in intense hadronic particle fluxes, the question of radiation hardness and long-term stability is of special importance. The problem of micro discharges, induced by heavy ionizing particles and destroying the electrode structure, turned out to be a major limitation to the applicability of MSGC in hadronic beams and demanded for new and revised solutions. The present status and future perspectives of the various technologies are discussed.

On the penetration of swift heavy ions through matter

Abstract Experimental results on energy loss, charge changing, and angular scattering of heavy ions are discussed in an energy range from MeV/u up to GeV/u. Progress in the understanding of heavy ion penetration phenomena has been achieved with the use of new accelerator facilities which allow to study atomic interactions under selected conditions with reduced complexity. Unique channeling experiments are possible with cooled relativistic heavy ions. Large ranges of relativistic stable and cooled radioactive ions are a basis for new applications in various fields.

The Multi-Media CD-Rom System for Educational Use

Recent market studies have shown CD-ROM systems to be gaining gradual acceptance in new applications in various fields.1)2) This acceptance is due to the CD-ROM system's great storage capacity, high data reliability cost effectiveness and ease of handling and delivery of media. One of the most suitable applications is in education / training in which electronic books and CAI materials are included.3)