Neutralization Of Free Radicals Research Articles

Ototoxicity-Alleviating and Cytoprotective Allomelanin Nanomedicine for Efficient Sensorineural Hearing Loss Treatment.

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) represents a significant clinical challenge, predominantly attributed to oxidative stress-related mechanisms. In this work, we report an innovative antioxidant strategy for mitigating SNHL, utilizing synthetically engineered allomelanin nanoparticles (AMNPs). Empirical evidence elucidates AMNPs' profound capability in free radical neutralization, substantiated by a significant decrement in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within HEI-OC1 auditory cells exposure to cisplatin or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Comparative analyses reveal that AMNPs afford protection against cisplatin-induced and noise-induced auditory impairments, mirroring the effect of dexamethasone (DEX), a standard pharmacological treatment for acute SNHL. AMNPs exhibit notable cytoprotective properties for auditory hair cells (HCs), effectively preventing ototoxicity from cisplatin or H2O2 exposure, as confirmed by both in vitro assays and cultured organ of Corti studies. Further in vivo research corroborates AMNPs' ability to reverse auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts resulting from acoustic injury, concurrently reducing HCs loss, ribbon synapse depletion, and spiral ganglion neuron degeneration. The therapeutic benefits of AMNPs are attributed to mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation within the cochlea, with transcriptome analysis indicating downregulated gene expression related to these processes post-AMNPs treatment. The pronounced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of AMNPs position them as a promising alternative to DEX for SNHL treatment.

Occurrence, dietary sources, quantification and bioactivities of natural antioxidant ergothioneine – A longavity vitamin?

SummaryThis review addresses the knowledge gap surrounding ergothioneine which is a naturally occurring antioxidant, by examining both its beneficial properties and the challenges associated with its study. Ergothioneine, often termed a ‘longevity vitamin’, is present in various foods such as mushrooms, grains and certain animal tissues and is synthesised by specific microorganisms. Despite its recognised potential in promoting healthier and extended lifespans, the mechanisms and full spectrum of its effects remain inadequately understood. This article provides a balanced overview of ergothioneine, covering its prevalence, methods for quantification and a wide range of bioactivities, while its antioxidant capabilities, including the neutralisation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, highlight its promise for enhancing cellular health and preventing age‐related diseases. In addition to that, this review also discusses the limitations and gaps in current research. Notably, ergothioneine's bioaccumulation in tissues vulnerable to oxidative stress suggests its significant role in longevity. Preliminary studies suggest benefits such as reduced inflammation, protection of mitochondrial function and support for brain health, yet comprehensive studies are required to fully understand its mechanisms. This review aims to present an unbiased and thorough understanding of ergothioneine, emphasising the need for further research to unlock its full potential in human health and ageing.

A Review on Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant Activity of Curcumin from Curcuma longa L. Rhizomes

This study focused on investigating the phytochemical composition and evaluating the antioxidant capability of an extract obtained from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (turmeric). Preliminary screening tests revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic substances, saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and fixed oils/fatty acids in the methanolic rhizome extract. The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed using the widely employed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The findings indicated a concentration-dependent enhancement in radical scavenging activity, reaching a maximum of around 81% at the highest concentration evaluated (3 mL). The remarkable antioxidant capacity can be attributed to the unique structural features of curcumin, the principal bioactive compound present, which contains methoxy, phenoxy, and carbon-carbon double bonds that enable efficient neutralization of free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, curcumin has been reported to modulate the activity of transcription factors like Nrf2, thereby upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes and bolstering the body’s defense against oxidative stress. These findings offer empirical support for the historical use of C. longa and underscore the diverse potential uses of curcumin as a natural antioxidant across different sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics

Effect of Foam Mat Drying on Antioxidants in Secang Wood Extract (Caesalpinia Sappan L)

There is a notable increase in interest in utilizing herbal plants, with some herbal products being particularly rich in bioactive compounds, including antioxidants. Antioxidants play a pivotal role in the protection of the body against oxidative stress, through the neutralization of harmful free radicals. One plant extract that exhibits notable antioxidant activity is sappan wood extract (Caesalpinia sappan L). The objective of this study is to assess the impact of foam formulation and temperature on the drying process and antioxidant activity of sappan wood extract, which has been dried by the foam-mat drying method. The research was conducted in three stages, namely extraction, drying and analysis of results. Drying of sappan wood extract was carried out at 40, 60 and 80°C, with different compositions of foaming agent. The results demonstrated that antioxidant activity exhibited a tendency towards stability at a drying temperature of 40°C. However, the highest reduction in water content was observed with drying at 80°C. The most effective foam composition was identified as foam composition 2, 0% CMC + 20% egg white (albumin) + 10%. Conversely, the foam composition with the highest antioxidant activity was identified as foam composition 5, 0.5% CMC + 30% gum Arabic. The most appropriate antioxidant degradation equation for this study was the first-order equation. The most accurate drying rate model for this study was the Lewis drying rate model.

Donor-Dependent Variations in Systemic Oxidative Stress and Their Association with One-Year Graft Outcomes in Kidney Transplantation

Plain Language SummaryWith advancements in therapies reducing the risk of graft-associated complications after kidney transplantation (KT), our focus shifts toward ensuring optimal graft conditions to improve the quality of life for KT patients. This emphasizes the importance of identifying prognostic factors of kidney function, even in populations without graft-associated complications. Oxidative stress, which is characterized by an imbalance in the production and neutralization of free radicals in the body, has been linked to graft-associated complications. Moreover, a significant determinant of graft function is the source of the graft, whether obtained from living donation (LD) or donation after circulatory or brain death (DCD and DBD). Therefore, we aimed to study whether oxidative stress differed in the short-term after KT in patients receiving LD, DCD, and DBD, and whether these levels of oxidative stress were predictive of graft function in KT patients without long-term complications such as rejection. We examined oxidative stress in 41 KT recipients over 12 months, finding increased oxidative damage early post-KT, notably higher in DCD donors. Moreover, lower oxidative damage in the first week after KT predicted better 1-year graft function in DBD recipients. In conclusion, DCD induced more short-term oxidative damage, while early oxidative levels predicted 1-year graft function in DBD recipients. These findings underscore the importance of early oxidative stress assessment in guiding clinical decision-making and optimizing long-term outcomes in KT recipients.

Construction and mechanism of efficient flame retardant system for alkali lignin‐enhanced rigid polyurethane foam

AbstractThe enhancement of flame resistance and mechanical strength is critical for the utilization of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) composites. In this study, the efficient synergistic flame‐retardant system, incorporating dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and expandable graphite (EG), with the addition of refined alkali lignin (A‐lignin) were aimed to superior fire resistance and mechanical integrity for RPUF. Furthermore, the flame retardancy and charring ability of obtained RPUF were obviously enhanced. Notably, an RPUF mixture containing A‐lignin, DMMP, and EG demonstrated substantial charring at elevated temperatures, improved limiting oxygen index, and met the UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Cone calorimeter test indicated that this formulation produces less heat and smoke than pure RPUF. The flame‐retardant efficacy of obtained RPUF was attributed to the formation of a protective char layer coupled with the free radical neutralization properties of DMMP, collectively enhancing the flame retardancy obtained RPUF. Additionally, this RPUF variant showed significant advancements in both mechanical and thermal performance. This study outlines a successful strategy for developing RPUF composites endowed with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical strengths.

АНАЛИЗ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОГО РЫНКА ПРЕПАРАТОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ ЭКСТРАКТИВНЫЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ ВЕЩЕСТВА РАСТОРОПШИ ПЯТНИСТОЙ

Natural flavolignans of milk thistle are widely used in pharmaceutical practice in the form of herbal remedies for the treatment of various hepatopathologies. In medical practice, medications (medicines) and dietary supplements containing extractive substances of milk thistle fruits are used. The therapeutic effect of drugs containing extractive substances of milk thistle is due to the stabilizing effect of flavolignans on hepatocyte membranes and neutralization of free radicals in the liver. By having a stabilizing effect on cell membranes, the extractive components of milk thistle prevent the release of intracellular components (transaminases) and promote the regeneration of liver cells. The work carried out a marketing analysis of the pharmaceutical market of drugs in Volgograd containing extractive substances of milk thistle and an assessment of their therapeutic effect in medical practice. The conducted research showed the presence on the pharmaceutical market of Volgograd of a wide range of over-the-counter medications containing extract of milk thistle fruits, both domestic and foreign produced. It was revealed that prescription drugs are not available in pharmacy organizations in Volgograd. It is shown that the main segment contains preparations containing milk thistle extractives in the form of dietary supplements. The analyzed price segment of drugs and dietary supplements is defined as average.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A72, a Strain with Antioxidant Properties, Obtained through ARTP Mutagenesis, Affects Caenorhabditis elegans Anti-Aging.

This research endeavored to elucidate the antioxidant attributes of lactic acid bacteria, specifically their impact on anti-aging and lifespan augmentation in Caenorhabditis elegans. The study focused on Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A72, identified through ARTP mutagenesis for its potent antioxidant properties. In vitro analysis affirmed its free radical neutralizing capacity. In C. elegans, the strain not only extended the lifespan by 25.13% and amplified motility 2.52-fold, but also maintained reproductive capabilities. Remarkably, Lpb. plantarum A72 diminished reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in C. elegans by 34.86% and 69.52%, respectively, while concurrently enhancing its antioxidant enzyme activities. The strain also bolstered C. elegans survival rates by 46.33% and 57.78% under high temperature and H2O2 conditions, respectively. Transcriptomic scrutiny revealed that Lpb. plantarum A72 could retard C. elegans aging and extend lifespan by upregulating the sod-5 and hsp-16.1 genes and downregulating the fat-6 and lips-17 genes. These findings propose Lpb. plantarum A72 as a potential antioxidant and anti-aging lactic acid bacteria.

The relationship of polymorphisms of the SOD2, NOS3 and SIRT1 genes with hypertension in employees of the converter workshop of the ferrous metallurgy enterprise

Workers employed in ferrous metallurgy enterprises are affected by various oxidants, which lead to increased formation of free radicals, suppression of the antioxidant system, initiation of oxidative stress and the development of diseases characterized by high blood pressure. In this regard, the identification of polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes that are associated with the formation and neutralization of free radicals is an important task of personalized medicine.
 The study aims to explore the relationship of polymorphisms rs4880 (SOD2), rs1799983 (NOS3) and rs7069102 (SIRT1) with hypertension in workers of the converter workshop.
 To conduct the research the authors used data from periodic medical examinations of men aged 30 to 59 years, including 116 employees of the converter shop and 169 representatives of administrative and managerial personnel (comparison group). Subsequently, we divided each group according to the principle of the presence or absence of a diagnosis of "hypertensive heart disease" (I11 according to ICD-10), established or confirmed during a periodic medical examination. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the Lumiere kit for the isolation of genomic DNA from whole blood and literal epithelium (Lumiprobe, Russia) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The scientists performed genotyping using the optical PCR system with real-time optical detection QuantStudio 3 (Thermo Fisher, USA) and ready-made commercial sets "SNP-Screen" (Syntol, Russia).
 The ratio of the chances of developing hypertension in the personnel of the converter shop was increased in carriers of mutant genotypes of the SOD2 (TT) gene. Also, the values of blood pressure, total cholesterol and glucose levels were higher in carriers of the mutant TT genotype of the SOD2 gene compared with CC/CT, but only in the group of converter shop workers with hypertension. In addition, in the comparison group with hypertension, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly differed, the values of which were higher in carriers of the mutant GG genotype of the SIRT1 gene.
 Presumably, an excess of superoxide anion in the TT genotype of the SOD2 gene, together with exposure to harmful environmental factors, may contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases in workers of the converter workshop.
 Ethics. The study was approved in accordance with Protocol No. 1 dated 02/26/2021 and the conclusion of the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Budgetary Institution of Science "Yekaterinburg Medical Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers" of Rospotrebnadzor.

Polyphenols in health and food processing: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant insights.

Polyphenols, as subordinate metabolites of plants, have demonstrated significant antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant action in scientific learn. These compounds exert their effects through various mechanisms, containing interference with microbial cell structures, rule of host immune responses, and neutralization of free radicals. This multifaceted activity positions polyphenols as promising candidates for maintaining human health and treating related diseases. Notably, in the context of escalating antibiotic resistance, the antibacterial properties of polyphenols offer innovative avenues for the development of new therapeutic agents. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects hold substantial potential for treating inflammatory diseases and mitigating the aging process. This review aims to summarize the latest findings on the biological activities of polyphenols, highlighting their mechanisms of action and potential applications in health and disease management. Furthermore, optimizing polyphenol extraction methods aligns with the goals of sustainable and green processing, reducing environmental impact while enhancing food safety and extending shelf life. Employing advanced analytical techniques, such as spectroscopy and chromatography, can ensure the accurate evaluation of polyphenol content and efficacy. These efforts collectively contribute to the ongoing improvement of food processing practices and product quality, promoting a healthier and more sustainable future in the food industry.

Retinoids—A unique ingredient for skin rejuvenation employing novel drug delivery systems

Millions of people around the world fall within the age group of 35 and above; having fluctuating lifestyles, increased exposure to blue light, and a faster-depleting ozone layer that enhances entry of UVA and UVB rays in the skin which tends to age faster leading into collagen degradation that results in fine lines and decreased cell senescence. The goal of skin rejuvenation is to have healthy skin. Cosmeceuticals incorporating retinoids have been increasingly used over the past few years to promote collagen synthesis and rejuvenate the skin. Photo-induced and chronological aging processes are decelerated with retinoid application that endorses skin elasticity by free radical neutralization, new cell growth, and blood vessel promotion within the skin to help fight pigmentation and reduce fine lines. Retinoids are commercially available as creams and serums for topical application. Nanotechnology is used in the development of retinoids to counteract adverse reactions like skin irritation and purging to improve its stability, efficacy, and acceptability. Emerging studies on retinoids include formulating them within liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-emulgels, and hydrogels. This review details understanding the aging process, the mechanism of action of retinoids to counterfeit aging, and the potential use of nanotechnological delivery in cosmeceuticals.

Resveratrol and curcumin against diabetic retinopathy. Better together than apart

The health-promoting effects of curcumin and resveratrol have been known for a long time. The most important features of polyphenols include their effect on blood vessels and participation in the neutralization of free oxygen radicals. Both resveratrol and curcumin exhibit antioxidant effects, and the combined use of both substances significantly improves their effectiveness. In the fight against diabetic retinopathy, the antiangiogenic effect of polyphenols also turn out to be important. Many researchers also point to the possibility of using resveratrol and curcumin in cancer therapy.

Quaternary nanorods: promising versatile agents for cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies and free radical neutralization

Cu2XSnS4 (CXTS; X: Zn, Mn or Co) nanorods (NRs) were prepared by a simple hot-injection method and their cytotoxic activities on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), metastatic melanoma (451Lu) and embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cell lines were investigated for the first time. The antibacterial activities of these nanoparticles on both gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) pathogenic bacteria as well as their DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activities were evaluated. The structural characterizations show that the obtained nanoparticles have the same crystal structure and are shaped as nanorods with an average 10–40 nm edge length. The data obtained in cytotoxicity studies revealed that the synthesized CXTS NRs have a significant inhibition effect, especially on cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and 451Lu), in a dose-dependent manner over a period of 24 h, demonstrating their potential for use as anticancer agents. In addition, the findings indicate that the synthesized nanorods possess strong antibacterial properties against the pathogenic microorganisms tested and display a marked antioxidant effect through efficient elimination of DPPH activity. This comprehensive study sheds light on the creation and development of CXTS NRs as promising versatile agents in various biomedical and environmental applications such as cancer therapy, antimicrobial strategies and the neutralization of free radicals.

Antioxidant effect of lactic acid bacteria in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke.

Chronic lung diseases are a major and increasing global health problem, commonly caused by cigarette smoke. We aimed to explore the antioxidant effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against cigarette smoke in bronchial epithelial cells. The antioxidant effects of 21 heat-killed (HK) LAB strains were tested in cigarette smoke stimulated BEAS-2B cells and 3-D bronchospheres organoids. We showed that HK Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BGPKM22 possesses antioxidant activity against cigarette smoke, resistance to hydrogen peroxide, and free radical neutralizing activity. We demonstrated that HK BGPKM22 inhibited cigarette smoke induced expression of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) genes. The cell-free supernatant (SN) of BGPKM22 fully confirmed the effects of HK BGPKM22. For the first time, we revealed that HK and SN of L. plantarum BGPKM22 possess antioxidant activity and modulate AhR and Nrf2 gene expression in bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke.

Pengaruh Perbedaan Pelarut Dalam Ekstraksi Herba Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) Terhadap Aktivitas Peredaman Radikal Bebas DPPH

Background: The decreased physiological function is influenced by age and degenerative diseases. Degenerative diseases can be caused by free radicals. Neutralization of free radicals can be done by giving antioxidants. However, synthetic antioxidants cause many side effects so that natural antioxidants are needed from natural ingredients. Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a natural antioxidant that can be used as antioxidant because celery contains flavonoid compounds. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of different solvents of ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane in the extraction of celery herbs on the free radical scavenging activity of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Method: Celery herbs were extracted using the maceration method to obtain ethanol 96%, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts. The extract was then tested for its free radical scavenging activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The principle of the DPPH method is that a hydrogen atom binds to a free radical, causing the free radical to become a non-radical. Result: The results showed that 96% ethanol extract of celery had the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.084 g/mL, followed by ethyl acetate 15.250 g/mL, and n-hexane 28.206 g/mL. Conclusion: which the three solvents could be categorized as very active.

α-lipoic acid ameliorates hepatotoxicity induced by chronic ammonia toxicity in crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation and inhibiting ERS pathway

High environment ammonia (HEA) poses a deadly threat to aquatic animals and indirectly impacts human healthy life, while nutritional regulation can alleviate chronic ammonia toxicity. α-lipoic acid exhibits antioxidative effects in both aqueous and lipid environments, mitigating cellular and tissue damage caused by oxidative stress by aiding in the neutralization of free radicals (reactive oxygen species). Hence, investigating its potential as an effective antioxidant and its protective mechanisms against chronic ammonia stress in crucian carp is highly valuable. Experimental fish (initial weight 20.47 ± 1.68 g) were fed diets supplemented with or without 0.1% α-lipoic acid followed by a chronic ammonia exposure (10 mg/L) for 42 days. The results revealed that chronic ammonia stress affected growth (weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion rate), leading to oxidative stress (decreased the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase; decreased total antioxidant capacity), increased lipid peroxidation (accumulation of malondialdehyde), immune suppression (decreased contents of nonspecific immune enzymes AKP and ACP, 50% hemolytic complement, and decrease of immunoglobulin M), impaired ammonia metabolism (reduced contents of Glu, GS, GSH, and Gln), imbalance of expression of induced antioxidant-related genes (downregulation of Cu/Zu SOD, CAT, Nrf2, and HO-1; upregulation of GST and Keap1), induction of pro-apoptotic molecules (transcription of BAX, Caspase3, and Caspase9), downregulation of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 expression, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (upregulation of IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 expression). The results suggested that the supplementation of α-lipoic acid could effectively induce humoral immunity, alleviate oxidative stress injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ultimately alleviate liver injury induced by ammonia poisoning (50–60% reduction). This provides theoretical basis for revealing the toxicity of long-term ammonia stress and provides new insights into the anti-ammonia toxicity mechanism of α-lipoic acid.

Metal complexes as potential agents for neutralizing free radicals: a review of in vitro studies

Metal complexes due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and antioxidant properties have been extremely studied today. A large number of metal complexes have the ability to neutralize free radicals, which most often occur as a result of metabolic processes in the body, smoking, exposure to radiation and chemical substances. Testing the antioxidant capacity of metal complexes can be tested by various methods in vitro and in vivo. This paper will present the efficiency of neutralization of free radicals by metal complexes synthesized in the past few years using different ligands, as well as the most commonly used methods for testing the antioxidant capacity of this group of compounds.Â

Evaluation of free radical quenching, anti-inflammatory activity together with anticancer potential of Lychnis coronaria and characterization of novel molecules from its extract through high resolution-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry coupled to structural biochemistry approach

Lychnis coronaria, a perennial (herbaceous) belonging to Caryophyllaceae has been traditionally used for treating different complications. However, the free radical scavenging effect, anti-inflammatory activity and anticancer property of methanolic extract of this plant has not been addressed. Most importantly, the chemical constituents present in the extract of Lychnis coronaria responsible for its diverse activities have not been scrutinized till date. Here, we used a complex approach for exploring the above mentioned effects of Lychnis coronaria. We performed rigorous phytochemical screening followed by quantification of tannins, phenols, alkaloids, quinones and sterols from the extract. Moreover we employed in vitro DPPH, ABTS , FRAP assay, albumin denaturation inhibition experiment, MTT assay, high resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for measurng the reactive oxygen species quenching, anti-inflammatory and anticancer strength of Lychnis coronaria and for identifying the possible bioactive molecules. We identified two novel molecules panaxynol (polyacetylenic alcohol) and norharman (9H-Pyrido [3, 4-B] indole) following rigorous analysis of the extract. Following this, the binding affinity of these molecules was estimated using human cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme as target. Among the constituents of Lychnis coronaria norharman manifested stronger binding towards COX-2 compared to panaxynol. Most importantly, norharman showed high stability in the groove of COX2 as confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. Collectively, Lychnis coronaria manifested free radical neutralizing, inflammation soothing and anticancer effect in concentration dependent manner and thus may serve as a promising phytotherapeutic in future. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

RATIONALE OF THE USE OF GLYCOPROTEIN Ά2 - GLOBULIN FRACTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF RECURRENCE OF CANCER OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

In Ukraine there is a steady increase in morbidity and mortality from cancer of the upper respiratory tract. The cancer process is accompanied by homeostasis disorders and purulent-septic postoperative complications associated with severe cancer and chemoradiation intoxication, which leads to the depletion of the antioxidant system, holding and enhancing the process of neoplastic immortalization, that is, the endless division of the cancer cell.Under such conditions, the protective mechanisms of the body require the active use of highly active antioxidants, which could provide a low concentration of aggressive free oxidative radicals due to neutralization.Purpose of the study: to evaluate the effect of the antioxidant glycoprotein ceruloplasmin on the indicators of exogenous and endogenous intoxication, as well as on clinical semiotics in the postoperative and relapse-free periods.Materials and methods: 75 male patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer aged 56 to 70 years were examined and operated on. According to the TNM system, patients werein II, III and IV stages of the disease and previously received a full course of radiation therapy. Patients of the 1st and 2nd groups received the accompanying therapy with biocerulin at all stages of treatment. In the control group, treatment was carried out without biocerulin.Results and Discussion: The reported results of a biochemical study of blood serum in patients with laryngopharyngeal cancer confirmed the presence of intoxication of varying degrees.Conclusions: studies have shown that the use of biocerulin for detoxification of patients led to the neutralization of aggressive free oxidative radicals, which made it possible to carry out surgical treatment without complications and to achieve an improvement in the quality of life of patients of the 1st and 2nd groups in comparison with the control group. The relapse-free period in patients of the 1st and 2nd groups was more than 5 years.Key words: Biocerulin (cerupoplasmin), pharynx, upper respiratory tract, laryngopharyngeal cancer, tonsils, surgical treatment, relapse-free period, quality of life.

Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology

Human lymphatic filariae have evolved numerous immune evasion strategies to secure their long-term survival in a host. These strategies include regulation of pattern recognition receptors, mimicry with host glycans and immune molecules, manipulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, induction of apoptosis in effector immune cells, and neutralization of free radicals. This creates an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory milieu in the host: a modified Th2 immune response. Therefore, targeting filarial immunomodulators and manipulating the filariae-driven immune system against the filariae can be a potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategy. Filariae-derived immunosuppression can also be exploited to treat other inflammatory diseases and immunopathologic states of parasitic diseases, such as cerebral malaria, and to prevent leishmaniasis. This paper reviews immunomodulatory mechanisms acquired by these filariae for their own survival and their potential application in the development of novel therapeutic approaches against parasitic and inflammatory diseases. Insight into the intricate network of host immune-parasite interactions would aid in the development of effective immune-therapeutic options for both infectious and immune-pathological diseases.