Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory Research Articles

Negative life events and their association with anxiety in adolescents with subthreshold depression

Subthreshold depression (SD) is a serious mental health problem in adolescents, and there is increasing evidence that depressive symptoms frequently occur alongside anxiety. Despite this, the extent to which negative life events (NLEs) are an associated factor in adolescents with SD comorbid with anxiety remains unclear. A total of 371 Chinese adolescents with SD were recruited (204 girls, 166 boys and missing data), ranging in age from 14 to 19 years (M = 16.34, SD = 0.96). All subjects were rated on the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), the Individualism-Collectivism Scale (ICS), the Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire (ALEQ), and the Neuroticism Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-N). The SD adolescents with higher anxiety had higher neuroticism scores, more self-reported negative life events and vertical individual orientation than those with low anxiety, and more of them were female than male (all p < 0.05). Further logistic regression indicated that gender, severity of depressive symptoms, vertical individualism orientation, and neuroticism were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms (p < 0.05). Our cross-sectional study could not explain the causal relationship between the severity of individual anxiety and risk factors in SD adolescents. Our results suggest that SD adolescents with high anxiety are more likely to experience NLEs than SD adolescents with low anxiety. Gender, severity of symptoms, vertical individualism orientation, and neuroticism are independent risk factors for anxiety in SD adolescents.

The effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students: A moderated mediation model

ObjectiveChildhood trauma is considered as a critical risk factor for depression. Although many studies have investigated the pathway of Childhood trauma to depression, especially the mediating or moderating effects of cognitive emotion regulation strategies or neuroticism or stress perception, the results were inconsistent and the underlying psychological mechanisms of depression remain unclear. This study aims to explore the influence and mechanism of childhood trauma on depression in college students, and establish a full model among these interactive factors. Methods1272 college students were surveyed using the childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ), short version of center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D), Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS), neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Results(1) Childhood trauma, neuroticism, stress perception, and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies were all significantly and positively correlated with depression among college students; (2) Stress perception and neuroticism act as a chain mediator between childhood trauma and depression in college students. (3) Maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a moderating role in “childhood trauma-neuroticism-depression”. ConclusionChildhood trauma increases the risk of depression in college students by affecting neuroticism and stress perception, and high levels of maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies link neuroticism and enhance the effect of childhood trauma on depression in college students.

Personality traits and preoperative lifestyle improvement are predictors of early weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy.

This study investigated the associations of personality traits and preoperative lifestyle improvements with early weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy. This was a single-center, retrospective study of 57 patients who underwent preoperative lifestyle intervention with a multidisciplinary team approach based on cognitive behavioral therapy before sleeve gastrectomy. All patients underwent preoperative psychological testing with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Tokyo University Egogram New Version II (TEG II). We investigated the associations of psychological testing results and lifestyle improvements with percent total weight loss (%TWL) one year after surgery. The median %TWL at 1year was 38.2% for patients with an improved lifestyle and 26.9% for those without improvement (P = 0.0008). Although TEG II factors were not associated with %TWL at 1year, higher NEO-FFI extraversion (E) scores were significantly associated with a better %TWL at 1year. The median %TWL at 1year was 35.2% for patients with higher E scores and 25.4% for those with lower E scores (P = 0.0247). Lifestyle improvement and the NEO-FFI E score significantly influenced %TWL at 1year based on a logistic regression analysis. The NEO-FFI E score and preoperative lifestyle improvement may be predictors of early weight loss after sleeve gastrectomy.

Re-interpretation of the mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on a framework of psychosomatic medicine: a real-world study

ObjectiveUsing bipolar disorder (BD) as a control, we explored the possible developmental process of impaired glucose metabolism rhythm.MethodsIn total, 441 subjects (77, 162, 134, 54, and 14 in the pre-diabetes [pre-DM], DM, BD, BD + pre-DM, and BD + DM groups, respectively) and 160 controls were included. All subjects were assessed using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axes were measured.ResultsCluster analysis showed that the BD, BD + DM, and DM groups were classified as the ‘disease group, the BD + pre-DM group as the ‘mixed period group’, and the pre-DM group as the ‘pre-disease group’. The conscientiousness factor scores of the NEO-FFI in the ‘disease group’ were higher than the norm but lower than the norm in the ‘pre-disease group’. The scores of neurotic factors in the ‘pre-disease’ and ‘mixed period’ groups were both significantly higher than that in the ‘disease group’ (corrected p < 0.001). The incidences of the abnormal HPA axis decreased gradually from the ‘pre-disease group’ to the ‘mixed period group’ then to the ‘disease group’, while those of the HPT axis slightly increased at first and then significantly decreased. The overall prediction rate of the multiple logistic regression model was 92.7%.ConclusionThis study suggests that progression of pre-diabetes to DM is a continuous process from local abnormalities to rhythm disorder of glucose metabolism. This understanding can be applied to the whole course management and early intervention of DM and to the future development of optimised treatment based on rhythm regulation.Trial registrationClinical trial registration number: ChiCTR1800019064. Name of trial registration: Identify and the optimization of treatment for non-infectious chronic diseases under the “stress-dysrhythmia” theory hypothesis (Registration date: 24/10/2018). The full trial protocol can be accessed at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn/).

Correlated Change Between Personality Traits and Perceived Social Support in Old Age.

This study investigated correlated change between the Big Five personality traits and perceived social support in old age. Two data waves with an 8-year span from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study on Adult Development (ILSE) were utilized. The longitudinal sample for this study consisted of 491 older adults (aged 64-68 years at T1). Four different aspects of perceived availability of social support were assessed (emotional support, practical support, social integration, and social strain). The Big Five personality traits were assessed with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Results show significant latent concurrent correlations and correlated changes between personality traits and social support. Notably, correlated change with social support types differed depending on the Big Five traits being evaluated, with changes in extraversion, neuroticism, and agreeableness being the traits most associated with changes in social support types, and openness being least associated. Results are discussed through a life span development lens in light of past research.

Forensic psychiatric analysis of organic personality disorders after craniocerebral injury in Shanghai, China.

ObjectiveTo explore the incidence rate and the differences of clinical manifestations of organic personality disorders with varying degrees of craniocerebral trauma.Materials and methodsAccording to the International Classification of Diseases-10, 1,027 subjects with craniocerebral trauma caused by traffic accidents were reviewed, the degrees of craniocerebral trauma were graded and those with personality disorder after craniocerebral trauma were diagnosed. The personality characteristics of all patients were evaluated by using the simplified Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI).ResultsThe incidence rate of organic personality disorder after all kinds of craniocerebral trauma was 33.1%, while it was 38.7 and 44.2% in the patients after moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the patients after mild craniocerebral trauma (18.0%) (P < 0.05). Compared with the patients without personality disorder, the neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness scores all showed significantly differences (P < 0.05) in the patients with personality disorder after craniocerebral trauma; especially the conscientiousness scores showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in the patients with personality disorder after moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma. The agreeableness and conscientiousness scores in the patients with personality disorder after moderate and severe craniocerebral trauma were significantly lower than that after mild craniocerebral trauma, and the patients with personality disorder after severe craniocerebral trauma had lower scores in extraversion than that after mild craniocerebral trauma.ConclusionThe severity and area of craniocerebral trauma is closely related to the incidence rate of organic personality disorder, and it also affects the clinical manifestations of the latter, which provides a certain significance and help for forensic psychiatric appraisal.

Personality traits of patients with multiple sclerosis and their correlation with anxiety and depression levels: A cross-sectional case-control study.

ObjectiveMultiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that can cause severe disability and impair the quality of life (QoL).MethodsIn the current cross‐sectional, case–control study, we investigated personality traits, anxiety and depression levels, in 101 patients in the case group and 202 individuals as a control group. The personality traits of the participants were collected via the Neuroticism‐Extraversion‐Openness Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) questionnaire. We evaluated the level of anxiety and depression based on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire.ResultsOur study showed in patients with disease duration above 1 year, the rates of agreement (29.78), anxiety (8.83), and depression level (6.39) were significantly higher than the control group (27.19, 6.47, and 4.97, respectively). Although patients with disease duration below 1 year showed a higher level of agreement and conscientiousness (29.65 and 34.35, respectively) than controls (26.6 and 30.86, respectively). The level of anxiety and depression in patients with a disability index above 4.5 was significantly higher than patients with a disability index below 1. Patients with a disability index below 1 showed a higher rate of extraversion and agreement and conscientiousness (31.47, 31.53, and 35.07, respectively) than controls (25.5, 26.23, and 3033, respectively). In addition, patients with a disability index above 4.5 showed a higher level of agreement (35.64), conscientiousness (35.5), anxiety (9.64), and depression (7.5) than controls (25.96, 30.71, 6.96, and 4.71, respectively).ConclusionsIn conclusion, anxiety and depression levels were much higher among MS patients compared with controls and the severity of these conditions correlate with the score of the disability index. Therefore, a complete comprehension of these conditions by the neurologist could be vital in improving patients’ QoL and increasing compliance and adherence to pharmacological therapy.

Exploring the Relationship between Attachment Styles, Personality Traits and Fear of Missing Out

In the early years of life, attachment is the most dominant aspect of one’s psyche which plays a major role in the development of personality of an individual later in life which in turn influences how different individuals engage in various social interactions with others. In present times, when the world has come closer, a desire to be acknowledged and validated has become crucial to young adults to define themselves which has led to various psychological problems in them. Fear of missing out has emerged as one of the reasons for distress for many. The present study aims to explore the dynamic relationship between attachment styles (closed, dependent and anxious), Big Five personality traits and fear of missing out as its variables. Based on a quantitative research design, a sample of 281 participants between the age group of 18-25 are chosen and three standardised scales; the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Fear of Missing Out scale are administered through an online questionnaire. Pearson Product Moment correlation method is used for data analysis and additionally the stepwise regression is also employed. Results suggest that extraversion and agreeableness share a significant positive relationship with closed and dependent attachment style. In addition, neuroticism is significantly negative with closed and dependent attachment. Findings also suggests that conscientiousness, extraversion and agreeableness are negatively correlated with anxious attachment style. Additionally, neuroticism is positively significant with anxious attachment. Moreover, agreeableness and conscientiousness are found to have a significant negative correlation with fear of missing out, whereas, neuroticism is significantly positive. In addition, fear of missing out is found to be positively related with anxious attachment style. Furthermore, the step-wise multiple regression indicates that agreeableness is the most dominant trait in dependent attachment style, extraversion being the highest predictor of closed attachment style and neuroticism being the most dominant trait in anxious attachment style. Additionally, neuroticism and anxious attachment style make the highest contribution to fear of missing out.

More Insight on the Role of Personality Traits and Sensitivity to Experimental Pain.

PurposeThe present study aimed to assess the influence of personality traits on the variability of sensitivity to pain in two distinct groups of healthy subjects with low versus high sensitivity to pain (LSP vs HSP, respectively).MethodsHealthy subjects (n=156) were allocated to two groups according to their tolerability to cold stimulation (cold pressor test, CPT, 1°C). Group LSP (n=76) reached the cut-off time of 180±0 sec, and a size matched group of HSP (n=80) tolerated the CPT for an average of 10.5±3.4 sec only. Subjects from both groups completed the self-reported pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness - Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI).ResultsIn comparison to the LSP group, HSP individuals had higher scores of PSQ (p<0.001), catastrophizing (p=0.001), and extraversion (p=0.01). By adjusting for age and gender, mediation analyses revealed that catastrophizing mediated the relationship between neuroticism and pain sensitivity, both in the allocation of subjects to a certain group of sensitivity to pain (LSP or HSP, B=0.02 95% CI: 0.006–0.040) and in the PSQ score (B=0.01 95% CI: 0.001–0.023).ConclusionThese results, which were demonstrated by two different prisms (CPT and PSQ), point to the potential of the five-factor inventory and pain catastrophizing scale as tools for identifying specific personality traits associated with a high sensitivity to pain.

Do Students With Different Majors Have Different Personality Traits? Evidence From Two Chinese Agricultural Universities.

This paper explores whether a Student’s choice of major leads to certain personality traits and the reasons for this phenomenon. Specifically, we look at evidence from two Chinese universities, both of which specialize in agricultural studies. Using the Sixteen Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire, we collected data from two groups of students: those who study agriculture-related majors (ARM), and those who study non-agriculture-related majors (NARM). The surveys all showed no significant change in personality traits during Students’ freshman year. However, after 3 years of university study, significant personality trait changes were noted between seniors in the ARM and NARM groups. Whereas ARM seniors tended to be socially shy and lower in communicative competence, NARM seniors were better at expressing themselves and communicating with others. Although a Student’s choice of profession has an influence on their personality traits, it is not the only factor. The differences between ARM and NARM training models and curricula are also undoubtedly significant. Moreover, the bias against ARM in Chinese society further magnifies the differences in personality traits among students with different majors.

Does Cochlear Implantation Affect Openness-to-Experience in Profound Postlingual Hearing Loss?

Recent studies suggest that hearing loss in postlingually deafened adults may be associated with lowered levels of the personality factor Openness to experience. This study investigated whether cochlear implantation in postlingually deafened adults raises the level of Openness to experience. Fifty-five postlingually deafened adults (mean age: 63years) were assessed with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness-Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI), a questionnaire capturing the five personality factors Extraversion, Openness to experience, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Personality assessment occurred before cochlear implantation and 24months after implant activation. On factors Extraversion, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness the mean scores of the sample were equal to population norms, both before and after cochlear implantation. On factor Openness to experience, the mean score was significantly lower before cochlear implantation, and remained so thereafter. Openness to experience may be reduced in some groups of deaf or hard of hearing persons. Cochlear implantation had no effect on any personality factor, at least not after two years of implant use.

The relationship between personality traits, caring characteristics and abuse tendency among professional caregivers of older people with dementia in long-term care facilities.

To explore the relationship between personality traits, caring characteristics and abuse tendency among professional caregivers of older people with dementia in long-term care facilities in China. Elder abuse is a serious global health problem and human right violation with high incidence among older people with dementia. There are many investigations about impact factors of risk of abuse among family caregivers of older people with dementia. However, in long-term care facilities, the situation of abuse tendency needs further investigation. Cross-sectional study. An observational survey was conducted according to the STROBE checklist. We investigated 156 professional caregivers of older people with dementia in three long-term care facilities in Guangzhou, China. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) and the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Data were analysed using Mann-Whitney U tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, Spearman's rank correlation and logistic regression analyses. Over half of the participants (51.9%) reported abuse tendency to the older people with dementia. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregivers' agreeableness scores of NEO-FFI and their CASE scores. Multivariate logistic regression analyses highlighted that protective factors of abuse tendency were caregivers' agreeableness, care recipients' source of finances and their duration of dementia while higher care difficulty and presence of older people's behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) were the risk factors. Caregivers' agreeableness personality trait and the caring characteristics of older people with dementia may be relevant to abuse tendency in long-term care facilities. Further study with a larger sample size is needed to validate such a correlation. Older people with dementia are at high risk for abuse. Prospective caregivers could pay more attention to developing their own agreeableness. The managers might establish monitoring system for reducing the abuse.

The association of depressive symptoms, personality traits, and sociodemographic factors with health-related quality of life and quality of life in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer: an observational multi-center cohort study

BackgroundIdentification of patient-related factors associated with Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and Quality of Life (QoL) at the start of treatment may identify patients who are prone to a decrease in HRQoL and/or QoL resulting from chemotherapy. Identification of these factors may offer opportunities to enhance patient care during treatment by adapting communication strategies and directing medical and psychological interventions. The aim was to examine the association of sociodemographic factors, personality traits, and depressive symptoms with HRQoL and QoL in patients with advanced-stage lung cancer at the start of chemotherapy.MethodsPatients (n = 151) completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (trait anxiety subscale), the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). Simple linear regression analyses were performed to select HRQoL and QoL associated factors (a P ≤ 0.10 was used to prevent non-identification of important factors) followed by multiple linear regression analyses (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsIn the multiple regression analyses, CES-D score (β = − 0.63 to − 0.53; P-values < 0.001) was most often associated with the WHOQOL-BREF domains and general facet, whereas CES-D score (β = − 0.67 to − 0.40; P-values < 0.001) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (β = − 0.30 to − 0.30; P-values < 0.001) were most often associated with the scales of the EORTC QLQ-C30. Personality traits were not related with HRQoL or QoL except for trait anxiety (Role functioning: β = 0.30; P = 0.02, Environment: β = − 0.39; P = 0.007) and conscientiousness (Physical health: β = 0.20; P-value < 0.04).ConclusionsHigher scores on depressive symptoms and ECOG performance status were related to lower HRQoL and QoL in patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Supportive care interventions aimed at improvement of depressive symptoms and performance score may facilitate an increase of HRQoL and/or QoL during treatment.

Analysis of Driving Behavior Based on Dynamic Changes of Personality States.

This study investigated the relationship between personality states and driving behavior from a dynamic perspective. A personality baseline was introduced to reflect the driver’s trait level and can be used as a basic reference for the dynamic change of personality states. Three kinds of simulated scenarios triggered by pedestrian crossing the street were established using a virtual reality driving simulator. Fifty licensed drivers completed the driving experiments and filled in the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire to measure the drivers’ personality baselines. Key indicators were quantified to characterize the five types of personality states by K-means clustering algorithm. The results indicated that the high-risk situation had a greater impact on the drivers, especially for drivers with openness and extroversion. Furthermore, for the drivers of extroverted personality, the fluctuation of personality states in the high-risk scenario was more pronounced. This paper put forward a novel idea for the analysis of driving behavior, and the research results provide a personalized personality database for the selection of different driving modes.

The NEO-FFI domain of openness to experience moderates ketamine response in treatment resistant depression

BackgroundThere are many putative mechanisms by which ketamine has its effect and many unanswered questions about risks and benefits of long-term ketamine therapy. A research imperative is the identification of predictors of response to intravenous ketamine, especially a sustained response to maintenance ketamine. Temperament is an inherited aspect of personality and is a predictive factor for outcome in treatment resistant depressed (TRD) patients. MethodsWe analyzed which domains of personality impacted initial and sustained ketamine response. Utilizing the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) on 125 participants with TRD, we tested (1) whether the degree of neuroticism predicted initial and/or sustained response to ketamine; and (2) whether extraversion, agreeableness, openness to experience, and conscientiousness had an impact on response. ResultsOur findings confirmed previous literature that elevated neuroticism, low conscientiousness, and low extraversion was the pattern of our TRD population regardless of response. Openness was the only factor to significantly predict sustained treatment outcome. LimitationsOur findings are limited by the lack of placebo control, small sample size, non- standardized infusion intervals, polypharmacy rather than ketamine monotherapy, a select TRD population in that they had all failed ECT, and a primarily Caucasian population. ConclusionsOur registry adds to the literature that factors making up temperament may have predictive value in regard to treatment response, specifically the outcome for TRD patients receiving long-term ketamine infusion therapy. If confirmed, assessing for Openness could reduce inappropriate exposure to ketamine with its attendant unknown long-term risks.

Validity and reliability of Chinese version of 28-item Substance Use Risk Profile Scale in Chinese adolescents and young adults

The present study aimed to explore the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the 28-item Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS) and provide an effective assessment tool for personalities related to substance use by which to predict and intervene in substance use cases. A total of 2114 Chinese adolescents and young adults (age 19.44 ± 1.63 years old) were enrolled. The results showed that the modified SURPS-SL_r model fit well (χ2/df = 5.15, p < 0.01, CFI = 0.851, TLI = 0.835, RMSEA = 0.037, SRMR = 0.063), indicating that the structure of the SURPS was suitable for Chinese adolescents and young adults. The SURPS significantly correlated with the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Subjective Health Complaints Index, Beck Depression Inventory, Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, and Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Five-Factor Inventory (r = 0.22 ~ 0.60, all ps < 0.01), indicating that the criterion validity of the SURPS was good. The Cronbach’s α of SURPS and its dimensions were 0.74~0.83, which suggested the SURPS has good reliability. Therefore, the Chinese version of the 28-item SURPS is an effective and reliable measure of personalities linked to substance use in Chinese adolescents and young adults.

Neuroanatomical correlates of personality traits in temporal lobe epilepsy: Findings from the Epilepsy Connectome Project

Behavioral and personality disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) have been a topic of interest and controversy for decades, with less attention paid to alterations in normal personality structure and traits. In this investigation, core personality traits (the Big 5) and their neurobiological correlates in TLE were explored using the Neuroticism Extraversion Openness-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) through the Epilepsy Connectome Project (ECP). NEO-FFI scores from 67 individuals with TLE (34.6 ± 9.5 years; 67% women) were compared to 31 healthy controls (32.8 ± 8.9 years; 41% women) to assess differences in the Big 5 traits (agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and extraversion). Individuals with TLE showed significantly higher neuroticism, with no significant differences on the other traits. Neural correlates of neuroticism were then determined in participants with TLE including cortical and subcortical volumes. Distributed reductions in cortical gray matter volumes were associated with increased neuroticism. Subcortically, hippocampal and amygdala volumes were negatively associated with neuroticism. These results offer insight into alterations in the Big 5 personality traits in TLE and their brain-related correlates.

Association of Personality on Changes in Weekday Sitting Time: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Evaluation.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association of personality typology on changes in sitting (sedentary) time.MethodsYoung adults (N = 126; Mage = 21.6 yrs) completed self-report assessments of personality and sitting time at baseline and at an approximate 5-month follow-up. At baseline, personality was assessed via the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) questionnaire. At both baseline and the follow- up period, sitting time was self-reported using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form.ResultsBoth extraversion (β = −5.8; 95% CI: −11.7, 0.21; p = 0.05) and conscientiousness (β = −5.7; 95% CI: −11.3, −0.2; p = 0.04) were inversely associated with baseline sitting time. Regarding the prospective results, the only personality trait associated with changes in sitting time was openness to experience. Independent of changes in physical activity as well as other potential confounders, for every 1 unit increase in openness to experience, there was an associated 6.6 min/day increased change score in sitting time over the 5-month follow-up period (β = 6.6; 95% CI: 0.13, 13.0; p = 0.04).ConclusionPersonality was differentially associated with sitting time based on the study design, with the personality trait of openness to experience being prospectively associated with increases in sitting time.

Teachers’ personality traits and students’ motivation: A structural equation modeling analysis

One of the most prominent factors in developing more effective teaching and learning strategies is the association between personality traits and motivation. The current research examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and students’ motivation. Thirteen English teachers and 375 high school students participated in this study. The teachers completed the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the students filled out Language Learning Orientations Scale – Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation, and Amotivation Subscales (LLOS – IEA). The results showed some significant relationships between the Big Five traits and the subscales of motivation. Particularly, teachers’ conscientiousness personality trait had a positive effect on students’ intrinsic- motivation- knowledge. In addition, teachers’ extraversion personality trait had a negative effect on students’ intrinsic- motivation- accomplishment, and knowledge. The results of this study can help the teachers to know how to behave in the classroom. More specifically, the study shows exactly which personality traits will result in increasing or decreasing students’ motivation.

The Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers’ Self-efficacy, their Personality and Students’ Motivation

A growing body of evidence suggests that teachers play a significant role in the process of foreign language teaching and learning. On the other hand, motivation is one of the most important pre-requisites of foreign language learning which can be influenced by many teacher-related factors such as teachers’ personality characteristics and their self-efficacy beliefs. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the relationship between Iranian EFL teachers’ self-efficacy, their personality and students’ motivation. Participants included 25 EFL teachers teaching in different language institutes and 75 EFL students learning English in those institutes. In this study, three instruments were used for data collection: Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001), Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Students’ Motivation Questionnaire designed by Mojavezi and Tamiz (2012). To analyze the data, Pearson correlation was conducted on the variables using the computer program of SPSS 22. Results of the analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between teachers’ self-efficacy and students’ motivation (r = .591, p = .002 &lt; .05). The other finding of the study was that one of the NEO-FFI variables, conscientiousness, was found to be significantly in correlation with students’ motivation (r = .413, p = .040 &lt; .05). Results of the study and their pedagogical implications were discussed and recommendations for further research were also made.