Syphilis is one of the oldest known sexually transmitted diseases. Despite numerous scientific studies, syphilis infection affects humanity. The relevance of the syphilis problem is primarily determined by social factors. For hundreds of years, the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, has been increasing in times of social disruption, such as wars, environmental disasters, etc. We should expect their growth at present, the time of the Ukrainian-russian war. Cases of early forms of syphilis are already being registered.The elimination of specialised medical institutions and uncontrolled treatment of syphilis patients will lead to an increase in the incidence of latent forms with damage to the nervous system, internal organs, musculoskeletal system, etc. As a result, it will cause the loss of working capacity, disability, and mortality. Undoubtedly, patients will be treated mainly on an outpatient basis with penicillin of prolonged action.The publication is devoted to the description of a clinical case of latent cerebral meningovascular syphilis in a patient who had been treated for early latent syphilis for 12 consecutive years. The probable cause of neurosyphilis, in our opinion, is the patient’s use of a durant drug to penicillin (benzathini benzylpenicillinum). We cannot ignore the resistance of Treponema pallidum to antibiotics and the specifics of the interaction between the syphilis pathogen and the patient’s immune system.With this message, we draw the attention of family doctors, neurologists, dermatovenerologists and other specialists to the possible increase in syphilis incidence due to the war of russia against Ukraine. Parenteral administration of penicillin antibiotics in hospital setting, followed by long-term serological monitoring, remains the method of choice in the treatment of syphilis. Treatment of syphilis with durant drugs of penicillin should be carried out as an exception. Long-term results of treatment with these medications indicate relatively frequent cases of complications, such as neurosyphilis, visceral and early latent syphilis, etc.