Neuroprotective Effects Of Methanolic Extract Research Articles

Neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract from Chuanxiong Rhizoma in mice with middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced ischemic stroke: suppression of astrocyte- and microglia-related inflammatory response

BackgroundIn traditional Asian medicine, dried rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong Rhizoma [CR]) have long been used to treat pain disorders that affect the head and face such as headaches. Furthermore, they have been used primarily for blood circulation improvement or as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicine. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of a methanol extract of CR (CRex) on ischemic stroke in mice caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).MethodsC57BL/6 mice were given a 1.5-h transient MCAO (MCAO control and CRex groups); CRex was administered in the mice of the CRex group at 1,000–3,000 mg/kg either once (single dose) or twice (twice dose) before MCAO. The mechanism behind the neuroprotective effects of CRex was examined using the following techniques: brain infarction volume, edema, neurological deficit, novel object recognition test (NORT), forepaw grip strength, and immuno-fluorescence staining.ResultsPretreating the mice with CRex once at 1,000 or 3,000 mg/kg and twice at 1,000 mg/kg 1 h before MCAO, brought about a significantly decrease in the infarction volumes. Furthermore, pretreating mice with CRex once at 3,000 mg/kg 1 h before MCAO significantly suppressed the reduction of forepaw grip strength of MCAO-induced mice. In the MCAO-induced group, preadministration of CRex inhibited the reduction in the discrimination ratio brought on by MCAO in a similar manner. CRex exhibited these effects by suppressing the activation of astrocytes and microglia, which regulated the inflammatory response.ConclusionsThis study proposes a novel development for the treatment of ischemic stroke and provides evidence favoring the use of L. chuanxiong rhizomes against ischemic stroke.

<i>Cassia tora</i> Mitigates Aluminium Chloride Induced Alterations in Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Neurotransmitters, and Beta-amyloid and Tau Protein Markers in Wistar Rats

Background and Aim: Exposure to Aluminium (Al) has been reported to cause neurotoxicity in laboratory animals. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque formation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation have been indicated as the possible mechanism of Al-induced neurodegeneration. The present study aimed to understand the mechanism of aluminium chloride (AlCl3)-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats and to assess the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves (MECT). Material and Methods: Seventy-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups. AlCl3 (100 mg/kg bw) and MECT (300 mg/kg bw) were given orally by gavage and memantine (MEM) was administered intraperitoneally (20 mg/kg bw) to rats, daily for 60 days. The spatial learning memory and recognition memory were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The levels of oxidative stress, neurotransmitter markers, pro-inflammatory markers, Aβ proteins plaques formation and tau protein hyperphosphorylation were evaluated. Histopathology of brain tissue was performed to assess the extent of tissue damage on AlCl3 exposure. Results: MECT significantly improved cognitive behaviours in AlCl3-exposed rats during the MWM test. Treatment with MECT resulted in a significant recovery of antioxidant enzyme function, the activity of neurotransmitter markers and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. MECT prevented the aggregation of Aβ proteins and tau protein phosphorylation. Also, it inhibited the loss of neuronal integrity in the cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain in AlCl3-exposed rats. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that a methanolic extract of Cassia tora leaves ameliorated AlCl3-induced neurodegeneration in Wistar rats.

Amelioration of streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity in rats by a standardized extract of Cydonia oblonga seeds

Background: Globally, medicinal plants are widely used to treat ailments due to their safety, accessibility and efficacy. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine in vivo neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of seeds of Cydonia oblongaagainst streptozotocininduced diabetes in rats, as this research has not been reported previously. Methods: Methanolic extract (100, 150 and 200 mg/kg b.w) was administered for 21 days to diabetic rats. Total protein content, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) specific activity, total glutathione level (tGSH), catalase activity (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) level and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were determined in the brain homogenate. Results: C. oblonga seeds extract showed a significantly (*p < 0.05) increased in GST activity, tGSH level, CAT activity and level of SOD. While MDA levels and AChE activity were decreased in comparison with streptozotocin-treated group. Histopathological examination also showed a marked improvement in the morphology of brain tissues. Conclusion: It is concluded that the methanolic extract of C. oblonga seeds has the potential to protect the brain against streptozotocin-induced neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress and is beneficial for cognitive improvement in diabetic patients. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October’22 Page : 848-857

Neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii on rotenone-induced parkinsonism-like symptoms in Wistar albino rats

Introduction: The pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is multifactorial in which oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction are the leading factors. Currently, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents of natural sources as neuroprotectants have raised much attention. The current study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii in male Wistar albino rats against rotenone-induced PD. Methods: The rats were administered with rotenone (10 mg/kg orally) daily for 28 days to induce PD. S. wightii (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and levodopa+carbidopa combination (10 mg/kg) were administered to different groups of rats one hour prior to rotenone for 28 days. Behavioral parameters (akinesia, tremor, motor coordination, and locomotor activities) and body weight were recorded on days 14th and 28th of drug treatment. On the 28th day, the animals were sacrificed for the neurobiochemical analyses of brain tissue. Results: Rotenone treatment caused a significant reduction in behavioural parameters (P < 0.001), neurochemical deficits (P < 0.001), and elevation of oxidative stress markers (P < 0.001) in the brain. Pre-treatment with S. wightii at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses significantly attenuated the rotenone-induced behavioral alterations and restored the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase activity and dopamine level in the striatum (P < 0.001). Moreover, 400 mg/kg of S. wightii restored the rotenone-induced increased oxidative stress markers like malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the striatum (P < 0.01). Conclusion: S. wightii has provided a neuroprotective effect, probably by virtue of its antioxidant and dopamine restoring potential. Hence, it may offer a promising and new therapeutic lead for the treatment of PD but needs further research.

NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SARGASSUM WIGHTII ON HALOPERIDOL INDUCED CATALEPSY AND TARDIVE DYSKINESIA IN ALBINO RATS

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Sargassum wightii on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and tardive dyskinesia in Wistar albino rats.
 Methods: In this study, thirty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. Gr-I served as control. Haloperidol (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered to rats of Gr-II to Gr-V for twenty-one consecutive days to induce catalepsy and tardive dyskinesia. Animals of Gr-II to Gr-V were orally administered with vehicle, levodopa carbidopa combination (30 mg/kg), Sargassum extract 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. All the drugs and vehicles were given orally one hour before haloperidol injection for twenty one consecutive days. The cataleptic scores were recorded using standard bar test. Tardive dyskinesia was assessed in terms of vacuous chewing movement (VCM) and tongue protrusion (TP) scores. After behavioural testing, all animals were sacrificed on twenty-second day and various biochemical parameters like MDA, SOD and GSH were estimated in brain tissue.
 Results: Chronic administration of haloperidol significantly increased cataleptic scores, VCM and TP scores. (p<0.001) Sargassum wightii extract (400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited haloperidol-induced catalepsy, VCM and TP (p<0.001) Haloperidol increased MDA and decreased SOD and GSH in brain tissue to a highly significant extent (p<0.001) Sargassum extract at 400 mg/kg also significantly reversed the haloperidol-induced alteration in brain oxidative stress markers.
 Conclusion: Sargassum wightii inhibits haloperidol-induced catalepsy and tardive dyskinesia. Thus it may be used as a unique therapeutic adjunct for the prevention of neuroleptic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms, however, it has to be explored more.

Neuroprotective Effects of Methanolic Extract of Avocado Persea americana (var. Colinred) Peel on Paraquat-Induced Locomotor Impairment, Lipid Peroxidation and Shortage of Life Span in Transgenic knockdown Parkin Drosophila melanogaster.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, finding new antioxidant sources might be beneficial for its treatment. Avocado Persea americana is a fruit widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical climates worldwide. Although avocado by-products in the form of peel, seed coat and seeds are currently of no commercial use, they constitute a natural source of bioactive compounds. Methanolic (80%) extract obtained from lyophilized ground peels, seed coats, and seeds of the avocado Hass, Fuerte, Reed and Colinred varieties were analyzed for their total phenolic content (TPC) and their correlations with antioxidant capacity (AC) were assessed by ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC assays. For all varieties, the var. Colinred peel shows the highest TPC and AC. Further analysis showed that the var. Colinred peel presented major phenolic compounds B-type procyanidins and epicatechin according to HPLC-MS. The antioxidant effect of peel extract was evaluated upon in vivo oxidative stress (OS) model. We show for the first time that the peel extract can protect and/or prevent transgenic parkinDrosophila melanogaster fly against paraquat-induced OS, movement impairment and lipid peroxidation, as model of PD. Our findings offer an exceptional opportunity to test natural disease-modifying substances from avocado's by-products.

Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of Cinnamomum camphora leaves in rat brain

The aim of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of Cinnamomum camphora leaves (MECC) in albino wistar rats against maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) models. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress parameters like malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were estimated in the brains after completion of the anticonvulsant studies. MECC (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) exhibited anticonvulsant activity as indicated by significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) reduction in the duration of hind limb tonic extensor phase in MES induced seizure model and significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) increased the time of onset of clonic convulsion, decreased the duration of seizures, increased the % protection and decreased the percent mortality in a dose dependent manner. MECC (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., p.o.) exhibited neuroprotective activity as indicated by significant reduction in MDA levels, AChE activity and increased GSH level also in a dose dependent manner. These results indicate that MECC may exert anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects which may be attributed to the increase in the level of GABA, inhibition of AChE and inflammation and antioxidant activity in the brain.

Effect of Canscora decussata Extract against the Neurochemical and Behavioral Changes Induced by 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-Tetrahydropyridine in Mice

Abstract: Objective: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced parkinsonism is a widely accepted animal model for screening the drugs used in Parkinson’s disease (PD). In the present study, the neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of Canscora decussata (MECD) were evaluated, which was already known for its monoamine oxidase inhibiting, antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities, a part from its use as a nerve tonic. Materials and Methods: Twenty four male Swiss albino mice were grouped into 4 (n=6). MECD at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses, 30 minutes before the MPTP (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal administration) treatment were administered for 7 days and behavioral assessment was made by rota rod test, grip strength test, spontaneous locomotor activity and catatonia behavioral study. In addition, assessment of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, GPx and GSH was done to know the neurotoxicity of MPTP. Results: The results indicated that MECD shows a significant improvement (*P<0.05) in the behavioral activities, striatal neurotransmitter content and antioxidant status in a dose dependent manner and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the TBARS levels. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study indicate the antioxidant and neuroprotective role of MECD. Hence, Canscora decussata seems to have anti-Parkinson’s activity in mice. Key words: Parkinson’s disease, Canscora decussata, Substantia nigra, Dopamine. Key words: Parkinson’s disease, Canscora decussata, Substantia nigra, Dopamine.

O21 Protective effect of Anogeissus acuminata bark extract against experimentally induced diabetic neuropathy in Wistar rats

Objective One of the major morbidities associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic neuropathy (DN), which develops even in patients receiving antidiabetic treatment. Anogeissus acuminata is rich in phenolic compounds and may have potential beneficial effects in DM. The aim of our work was to assess the antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of Anogeissus acuminata bark (MEAA). Methods Rats with DM induced by streptozotocin were treated with MEAA for 8 weeks at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, orally. Human NPH insulin (4 IU/kg, s.c.) was used as standard treatment. Plasma glucose levels and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Effects on DN were measured by assessment of thermal nociceptive function using the hot plate method, chemical allodynia using the formalin test, autonomic neuropathy using the intestinal charcoal meal test and impairment of nerve conduction by assessing sciatic nerve conduction velocity. Results MEAA produced significant ( P Conclusion MEAA attenuated the development of DN and had hypoglycaemic and potent antioxidant actions.

The Neuro-Protective Effect of the Methanolic Extract of Perilla frutescens var. japonica and Rosmarinic Acid against H₂O₂-Induced Oxidative Stress in C6 Glial Cells

Neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with oxidative damage in neuronal cells. This study was conducted to investigate the neuro-protective effect of methanolic (MeOH) extract of Perilla frutescens var. japonica and its one of the major compounds, rosmarinic acid, under oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in C6 glial cells. Exposure of C6 glial cells to H2O2 enhanced oxidative damage as measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance assays. The MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid prevented oxidative stress by increasing cell viability and inhibiting cellular lipid peroxidation. In addition, the MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid reduced H2O2-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the transcriptional level. Moreover, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression was down-regulated in H2O2-indcued C6 glial cells treated with the MeOH extract and rosmarinic acid. These findings suggest that P. frutescens var. japonica and rosmarinic acid could prevent the progression of neurodegenerative diseases through attenuation of neuronal oxidative stress.

Protective effect of methanolic extract of Garcinia indica fruits in 6-OHDA rat model of Parkinson's disease.

Context:Several studies have reported that antioxidants play an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Garcinia indica extract is a natural antioxidant, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Garcinia indica (GIM) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) neurotoxicity for striatal dopaminergic neurons in the rat.Materials and Methods:Thirty adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups namely control, 6-OHDA model, and GIM (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight suspended in one ml of 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose). The treatment was started three days before surgery and continued for next 14 days. The surgery was done on third day in all groups for administration of 6-OHDA into the right striatum and right substantia nigra, whereas control group injected with 6-OHDA vehicle. Various behavior and biochemical tests (Apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, Stepping test, Initiation time, Postural balance test, and Disengage time) were used to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of GIM. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's test was used to compare inter-group differences. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results:GIM had significant (P<0.05, P<0.01) preventive effect in biochemical tests, i.e., dopamine and its metabolites measurement and in various behavior tests, i.e., apomorphine-induced rotational behavior, stepping test, initiation time, postural balance test, and disengage time as compared to 6-OHDA-treated rats.Conclusions:Our results demonstrated that GIM acted as an effective neuroprotective agent for striatal dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA lesioned rat model of PD.

Methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves improves spatial memory deficits in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson's disease

While the Hibiscus asper Hook.f. (Malvaceae) is a traditional herb largely used in tropical region of the Africa as vegetable, potent sedative, tonic and restorative, anti-inflammatory and antidepressive drug, there is very little scientific data concerning the efficacy of this. We investigated antioxidant activity and the effects of methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves on neurological capacity of male Wistar rats subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesion. Two model systems: 2,4-dinitrophenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching inhibition assay were used to measure the antioxidant activities of the plan extract. We also investigated the neuroprotective effect of methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves (50 and 100 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats subjected to unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesion rat model. Methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves showed potent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. Chronic administration of methanolic extract (50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p., daily, for 7 days) significantly reduce anxiety-like behavior and inhibit depression in elevated plus-maze and forced swimming tests, suggesting anxiolytic and antidepressant activity. Also, spatial memory performance in Y-maze and radial arm-maze tasks was improved, suggesting positive effects on memory formation. Taken together, our results suggest that the methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves have antioxidant effects and might provide an opportunity to management neurological abnormalities in Parkinson's disease conditions.