Neumann Dirichlet Research Articles

Higher‐order integrable models for oceanic internal wave–current interactions

AbstractIn this paper, we derive a higher‐order Korteweg–de Vries (HKdV) equation as a model to describe the unidirectional propagation of waves on an internal interface separating two fluid layers of varying densities. Our model incorporates underlying currents by permitting a sheared current in both fluid layers, and also accommodates the effect of the Earth's rotation by including Coriolis forces (restricted to the Equatorial region). The resulting governing equations describing the water wave problem in two fluid layers under a “flat‐surface” assumption are expressed in a general form as a system of two coupled equations through Dirichlet–Neumann (DN) operators. The DN operators also facilitate a convenient Hamiltonian formulation of the problem. We then derive the HKdV equation from this Hamiltonian formulation, in the long‐wave, and small‐amplitude, asymptotic regimes. Finally, it is demonstrated that there is an explicit transformation connecting the HKdV we derive with the following integrable equations of a similar type: KdV5, Kaup–Kuperschmidt equation, Sawada–Kotera equation, and Camassa–Holm and Degasperis–Procesi equations.

A Chimera method for thermal part-scale metal additive manufacturing simulation

This paper presents a Chimera approach for the thermal problems in welding and metallic Additive Manufacturing (AM). In particular, a moving mesh is attached to the moving heat source while a fixed background mesh covers the rest of the computational domain. The thermal field of the moving mesh is solved in the heat source reference frame. The chosen framework to couple the solutions on both meshes is a non-overlapping Domain Decomposition (DD) with Neumann–Dirichlet transmission conditions.Increased steadiness and accuracy within the vicinity of the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) are the main advantages of this approach. The steadiness gain allows for the use of larger time steps, which is vital in AM applications and, in particular, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), where the disparity of time scales represents a major hurdle. Moreover, enhanced accuracy can be observed in the resulting morphology of the melt pool. It will be shown that the method addresses classical shortcomings pointed out by Goldak without requiring the use of an asymmetrical heat source profile.

New Time Domain Decomposition Methods for Parabolic Optimal Control Problems I: Dirichlet–Neumann and Neumann–Dirichlet Algorithms

New Time Domain Decomposition Methods for Parabolic Optimal Control Problems I: Dirichlet–Neumann and Neumann–Dirichlet Algorithms

Topology and anisotropy optimisation of continua using non-uniform rational basis spline entities

This paper presents a novel method to address the challenge of concurrent topology and anisotropy optimisation of variable-stiffness anisotropic structures with variable thickness from additive manufacturing technologies. The proposed methodology relies on the multi-level optimisation strategy based on non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) entities, density-based method for topology optimisation and the polar formalism to describe the anisotropy of the continuum. Specifically, NURBS entities are used to describe both the density field and the distribution of the polar parameters and the thickness across the design domain. Furthermore, the properties of NURBS entities are efficiently exploited to derive the gradient of the physical responses involved in the problem formulation. The proposed method is applied to the problem of maximising the structural stiffness, while fulfilling design requirements on the lightness and on the feasibility of the polar parameters. In this context, the problem is formulated in the most general case considering inhomogeneous Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions. The effectiveness of the approach is tested on benchmark problems taken from literature subjected to both in-plane and out-of-plane loads. Particularly, a large campaign of sensitivity analyses has been carried out to examine the impact of integer parameters of the NURBS entity, the penalty scheme used for the element stiffness matrix, inhomogeneous Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions, optimisation strategy (sequential versus concurrent) and initial guess on the optimised solution.

Linear and Nonlinear Dirichlet-Neumann Method in Multiple Subdomains for the Cahn-Hilliard Equation

In this paper, we propose and present a non-overlapping substructuring type iterative algorithm for the Cahn-Hilliard (CH) equation, which is a prototype for phase-field models. It is of great importance to develop efficient numerical methods for the CH equation, given the range of applicability of CH equation has. Here we present a formulation for the linear and non-linear Dirichlet-Neumann (DN) method applied to the CH equation and study the convergence behaviour in one and two spatial dimension in multiple subdomains. We show numerical experiments to illustrate our theoretical findings and effectiveness of the method.

Trace Formulae for Second-Order Differential Pencils with a Frozen Argument

This paper deals with second-order differential pencils with a fixed frozen argument on a finite interval. We obtain the trace formulae under four boundary conditions: Dirichlet–Dirichlet, Neumann–Neumann, Dirichlet–Neumann, Neumann–Dirichlet. Although the boundary conditions and the corresponding asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues are different, the trace formulae have the same form which reveals the impact of the frozen argument.

A combination of physics-informed neural networks with the fixed-stress splitting iteration for solving Biot's model

IntroductionBiot's consolidation model in poroelasticity describes the interaction between the fluid and the deformable porous structure. Based on the fixed-stress splitting iterative method proposed by Mikelic et al. (Computat Geosci, 2013), we present a network approach to solve Biot's consolidation model using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs).MethodsTwo independent and small neural networks are used to solve the displacement and pressure variables separately. Accordingly, separate loss functions are proposed, and the fixed stress splitting iterative algorithm is used to couple these variables. Error analysis is provided to support the capability of the proposed fixed-stress splitting-based PINNs (FS-PINNs).ResultsSeveral numerical experiments are performed to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of our approach, including the pure Dirichlet problem, the mixed partial Neumann and partial Dirichlet problem, and the Barry-Mercer's problem. The performance of FS-PINNs is superior to traditional PINNs, demonstrating the effectiveness of our approach.DiscussionOur study highlights the successful application of PINNs with the fixed-stress splitting iterative method to tackle Biot's model. The ability to use independent neural networks for displacement and pressure offers computational advantages while maintaining accuracy. The proposed approach shows promising potential for solving other similar geoscientific problems.

Narrow escape in composite domains forming heterogeneous networks

Cellular networks are often composed of thin tubules connecting much larger node compartments. These structures serve for active or diffusion transport of proteins. Examples are glial networks in the brain, the endoplasmic reticulum in cells or dendritic spines. In this latter case, a large ball forming the head is connected to the dendrite by a narrow passage. In all cases, how the transport of molecules, ions or proteins is regulated determines the time scale of chemical reactions or signal transduction. In the present study, based on modeling diffusion in three dimensions, we compute the mean time for a Brownian particle to reach a narrow target inside such a composite network made of tubules connected to spherical nodes. We derive asymptotic formulas by solving a mixed Neumann–Dirichlet boundary value problem with small Dirichlet part. We first consider the general case of a network domain organized in a 2-D lattice structure that consists of spherical ball compartments connected via narrow cylindrical passages. For a single target located on the boundary of one of the spherical domains, we derive a sparse linear system of equations for each Mean First Passage Time (MFPT) averaged over the different compartments. We then consider a composite domain consisting of a spherical head-like domain, with narrow absorbing targets on its boundary, that is connected to a large cylinder via a narrow cylindrical neck. For Brownian particles starting within the neck, we derive an asymptotic formula for the MFPT. When diffusing particles can be absorbed upon hitting additional absorbing boundaries of the large cylindrical compartment, we derive asymptotic formulas for the splitting probability and conditional MFPT to reach a target on the spherical head. We compare these formulas with numerical solutions of the mixed boundary value problem and with Brownian simulations, allowing to explore geometrical parameter ranges. To conclude, the present analysis reveals that the mean arrival time, driven by diffusion in heterogeneous networks, is controlled by the targets and tubules sizes, as well as the size of the nodal compartments.

On multi-material topology optimisation problems under inhomogeneous Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions

This work deals with the topology optimisation of structures made of multiple material phases. The proposed approach is based on non-uniform rational basis spline (NURBS) hyper-surfaces to represent the geometric descriptor related to each material phase composing the continuum, and an improved multiphase material interpolation (MMI) scheme to penalise the stiffness tensor of the structure. In this context, the problem is formulated in the most general case by considering inhomogeneous Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions and by highlighting the differences between two different problem formulations. The first one uses the work of applied forces and displacements as cost function and the resulting optimisation problem is not self-adjoint. The second one considers the generalised compliance (related to the total potential energy), and the resulting optimisation problem is self-adjoint. Moreover, the improved MMI scheme proposed here does not require the introduction of artificial filtering techniques to smooth the boundary of the topological descriptors of the material phases composing the structure. The effectiveness of the method is proven on both 2D and 3D problems. Specifically, an extensive campaign of numerical analyses is conducted to investigate the influence of the type of geometric descriptor, of the integer parameters involved in the definition of the NURBS entity, of the type of cost function, of the type of lightness requirement, of the number and type of material phases, of the applied boundary conditions on the optimised topology. • Topology optimisation of multi-material media under mixed boundary conditions • The generalised compliance is used as a measure of the structural stiffness • The work of external actions is not a self-adjoint function (unlike the compliance) • The geometrical descriptor of each material phase is a NURBS hyper-surface • Influence of NURBS parameters and number of materials on the optimal solution

Equivalence of MTS and CMR methods associated with the normal form of Hopf bifurcation for delayed reaction–diffusion equations

In this paper, we prove the equivalence of the multiple time scales (MTS) method and the center manifold reduction (CMR) method for deriving the normal form of Hopf bifurcation for delayed reaction–diffusion equations. First, we generalize the MTS method associated with functional differential equations to delayed reaction–diffusion equation for solving the normal form of Hopf bifurcation. This provides a user-friendly approach of analyzing the stability of time-periodic solutions, particularly, for the engineering researchers who are not familiar with CMR method. Second, we outline the CMR method associated with the computation of normal form of Hopf bifurcation for delayed reaction–diffusion equations. Third, we prove that the two methods can derive equivalent up to the third order normal form of Hopf bifurcation. Finally, different types of examples are presented, such as reaction–diffusion equations with Neumann boundary condition and Dirichlet boundary conditions, single delay and two delays, spatially homogeneous and spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions. We obtain the equivalent Hopf bifurcation normal forms results derived by using the CMR and MTS methods for above examples, respectively.

Comparison of Laplace Beltrami Operator Eigenvalues on Riemannian Manifolds

Let $\Delta_{g}$ be the Laplace Beltrami operator on a manifold $M$ with Dirichlet (resp.,Neumann) boundary conditions. We compare the spectrum of on a Riemannian manifold for Neumann boundary condition and Dirichlet boundary condition . Then we construct aneffective method of obtaining small eigenvalues for Neumann's problem.

Arbitrary High-Order Unconditionally Stable Methods for Reaction-Diffusion Equations with inhomogeneous Boundary Condition via Deferred Correction

Abstract In this paper, we analyse full discretizations of an initial boundary value problem (IBVP) related to reaction-diffusion equations. To avoid possible order reduction, the IBVP is first transformed into an IBVP with homogeneous boundary conditions (IBVPHBC) via a lifting of inhomogeneous Dirichlet, Neumann or mixed Dirichlet–Neumann boundary conditions. The IBVPHBC is discretized in time via the deferred correction method for the implicit midpoint rule and leads to a time-stepping scheme of order 2 ⁢ p + 2 2p+2 of accuracy at the stage p = 0 , 1 , 2 , … p=0,1,2,\ldots of the correction. Each semi-discretized scheme results in a nonlinear elliptic equation for which the existence of a solution is proven using the Schaefer fixed point theorem. The elliptic equation corresponding to the stage 𝑝 of the correction is discretized by the Galerkin finite element method and gives a full discretization of the IBVPHBC. This fully discretized scheme is unconditionally stable with order 2 ⁢ p + 2 2p+2 of accuracy in time. The order of accuracy in space is equal to the degree of the finite element used when the family of meshes considered is shape-regular, while an increment of one order is proven for a quasi-uniform family of meshes. Numerical tests with a bistable reaction-diffusion equation having a strong stiffness ratio, a Fisher equation, a linear reaction-diffusion equation addressing order reduction and two linear IBVPs in two dimensions are performed and demonstrate the unconditional convergence of the method. The orders 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 of accuracy in time are achieved. Except for some linear problems, the accuracy of DC methods is better than that of BDF methods of same order.

An initial boundary value problem for a pseudoparabolic equation with a nonlinear boundary condition

An initial boundary value problem for a quasilinear equation of pseudoparabolic type with a nonlinear boundary condition of the Neumann–Dirichlet type is investigated in this work. From a physical point of view, the initial boundary value problem considered here is a mathematical model of quasistationary processes in semiconductors and magnets, which takes into account a wide variety of physical factors. Many approximate methods are suitable for finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions in problems where the boundary conditions are linear with respect to the desired function and its derivatives. Among these methods, the Galerkin method leads to the simplest calculations. On the basis of a priori estimates, we prove a local existence theorem and uniqueness for a weak generalized solution of the initial boundary value problem for the quasilinear pseudoparabolic equation. A special place in the theory of nonlinear equations is occupied by the study of unbounded solutions, or, as they are called in another way, blow‐up regimes. Nonlinear evolutionary problems admitting unbounded solutions are globally unsolvable. In the article, sufficient conditions for the blow‐up of a solution in a finite time in a limited area with a nonlinear Neumann–Dirichlet boundary condition are obtained.

Nonexistence criteria for systems of parabolic inequalities in an annulus

We are concerned with nonexistence results for a class of systems of parabolic inequalities in (0,∞)×A, where A={x∈RN:1<|x|≤2}. The considered systems involve a singular potential function V(x)=(|x|−1)−ρ, ρ>0, in front of the power nonlinearities. Two types of inhomogeneous boundary conditions on ∂B2={x∈RN:|x|=2} are discussed: Neumann type conditions and Dirichlet type conditions. Using a unified approach, an optimal criterium of nonexistence is obtained for both cases. Our study yields naturally optimal nonexistence results for the corresponding stationary systems.

On the structural stiffness maximisation of anisotropic continua under inhomogeneous Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions

This work discusses three aspects of topology optimisation (TO) problems dealing with structural stiffness maximisation of anisotropic continua under mixed inhomogeneous Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions (BCs). Firstly, the total potential energy (TPE) is introduced as intuitive measure of the structural stiffness, instead of the work of applied forces and displacements (WAFD). Secondly, it is proven that the WAFD under mixed BCs is not a self-adjoint functional, while the one related to the TPE is always a self-adjoint functional, regardless of the BCs nature. Thirdly, the influence of the anisotropy, of the applied BCs and of the design requirement on the volume fraction on the optimised topology is investigated: depending on these features, the optimal solutions of the two problem formulations, i.e., minimisation of the functional involving the TPE or minimisation of the WAFD subject to a constraint on the volume fraction, can coincide. The problem is formulated in the context of a special density-based TO approach wherein a Non-Uniform Rational Basis Spline (NURBS) hyper-surface is used to represent the topological descriptor, i.e., the pseudo-density field. The properties of NURBS entities are exploited to derive the gradient of the physical responses involved in the problem formulation and to easily satisfy the minimum length scale requirement (related to manufacturing needs). The differences between TPE-based and WAFD-based formulations and the effectiveness of the proposed method are shown on 2D and 3D problems.

On the localization and numerical computation of positive radial solutions for ϕ -Laplace equations in the annulus

The paper deals with the existence and localization of positive radial solutions for stationary partial differential equations involving a general ϕ -Laplace operator in the annulus. Three sets of boundary conditions are considered: Dirichlet–Neumann, Neumann–Dirichlet and Dirichlet–Dirichlet. The results are based on the homotopy version of Krasnosel'skii's fixed point theorem and Harnack type inequalities, first established for each one of the boundary conditions. As a consequence, the problem of multiple solutions is solved in a natural way. Numerical experiments confirming the theory, one for each of the three sets of boundary conditions, are performed by using the MATLAB object-oriented package Chebfun.

Two-point functions of Neumann–Dirichlet open-string sector moduli

In this paper, we compute at one loop the two-point functions of massless scalars in the Neumann–Dirichlet open-string sector of the type IIB orientifold compactified on [Formula: see text], when [Formula: see text] supersymmetry is spontaneously broken. This is done by evaluating correlation functions of “boundary-changing vertex operators” which are analogous to correlators of twist fields for closed strings. We use our results to compute the mass developed at one loop by the moduli fields arising in the Neumann–Dirichlet sector.

New general and explicit stability result for a thermoelastic Timoshenko system

The goal of this article is to study a thermoelastic Timoshenko system with viscoelastic law acting on the shear force and thermoelastic dissipation acting on the bending moment. We prove a general decay as well as an explicit decay estimate for solution energy, from which the exponential and polynomial decay results are only special cases. The result is obtained without imposing equal-wave-speed condition, this is achieved by considering the Neumann–Dirichlet–Neumann boundary conditions . This result is therefore of great interest compared to majority of results in the literature that often time impose the equal-wave-speed condition.

Global dynamics and zero-diffusion limit of a parabolic–elliptic–parabolic system for ion transport networks

This paper is concerned with a parabolic–elliptic–parabolic system arising from ion transport networks. It shows that for any properly regular initial data, the corresponding initial–boundary value problem associated with Neumann–Dirichlet boundary conditions possesses a global classical solution in one-dimensional setting, which is uniformly bounded and converges to a trivial steady state, either in infinite time with a time-decay rate or in finite time. Moreover, by taking the zero-diffusion limit of the third equation of the problem, the global weak solution of its partially diffusive counterpart is established and the explicit convergence rate of the solution of the fully diffusive problem toward the solution of the partially diffusive counterpart, as the diffusivity tends to zero, is obtained.

Bifurcation mechanism of interfacial electrohydrodynamic gravity-capillary waves near the minimum phase speed under a horizontal electric field

We investigate the evolution of interfacial gravity-capillary waves propagating along the interface between two dielectric fluids under the action of a horizontal electric field. There is a uniform background flow in each layer, and the relative motion tends to induce Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability. The combined effects of gravity, surface tension and electrically induced forces are all taken into account. Under the short-wave assumption, the expansion and truncation method of Dirichlet-Neumann (DN) operators is applied to derive a reduced dynamical model. When KH instability is suppressed linearly by a considerably large electric field, our numerical results reveal that in certain regions of parameter space, nonlinear symmetric traveling wave solutions can be found near the minimum phase speed. Additionally, the detailed bifurcation structures are presented together with typical wave profiles.