Distribution Network Research Articles

A time-variant power distribution network voltage sag identification method based on the concept of inheritance

The present paper introduces a novel method for identifying voltage sags in time-variant power distribution networks, effectively addressing the challenges arising from the temporal variability of network topology and data. The proposed method is founded on the concept of inheritance, which is bifurcated into breadth and depth inheritance strategies. The breadth inheritance strategy employs transfer learning to manage topological temporality, utilizing the Euclidean distance between samples to ascertain the sequence of sample migration, and implements multitask learning to share feature representations across different tasks. The depth inheritance strategy, on the other hand, utilizes incremental learning to handle data temporality, building upon the initial model parameters to learn new sample features, which in turn reduces the time required for model updates and enhances the accuracy of target tasks. Case study findings validate the suitability of the proposed methods for reconstructing fault identification models in scenarios characterized by topological temporal variability and for rapidly updating fault identification models in scenarios with data temporal variability. The approach presented herein holds significant implications for the enhancement of power supply reliability and the adaptability of electrical grids.

Optimization of Active Distribution Network Operation with SOP Considering Reverse Power Flow

As the penetration of distributed renewable energy increases, the phenomenon of bidirectional power flow in distribution networks becomes increasingly severe. Traditional regulation devices like OLTC (on-load tap changer) and CB (capacitor bank) cannot effectively mitigate reverse power flow in distribution networks due to their limitations. The transmission capacity of the distribution network under reverse power flow is approximately 50% of the rated capacity of the OLTC, leading to issues such as voltage limit violations and high wind and solar curtailment rates. This paper proposes a method for calculating the reverse power flow delivery capacity of distribution networks, quantitatively describing the distribution network’s delivery limits for reverse power flow. Based on this, a joint optimization model for multiple distribution networks with an SOP is established. The SOP is utilized to share reverse power flow delivery capacity among multiple distribution networks, enhancing operational economy and increasing the accommodation of the DG. Finally, the method’s effectiveness and correctness are verified in the IEEE 33-node system. The results validate that while joint operation does not enhance the reverse flow transmission capacity of a single distribution network, it can, through the shared reverse flow transmission capacity approach, elevate the reverse flow transmission capacity to approximately 70% during the majority of time periods.

Comprehensive benefit optimization method for photovoltaic inverters participating in distribution network loss reduction by reactive compensation

When a large number of distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems are integrated into the distribution network, power flow becomes bidirectionally fluctuating, resulting in variable line losses. In the scenario of reverse flow, the increase in line loss is particularly significant. The bidirectional reactive power regulation of photovoltaic inverters is an effective approach to reduce losses in the distribution network. However, despite the benefits of reducing losses, reactive power regulation by photovoltaic inverters also incurs additional costs. Therefore, there is a need for research into a comprehensive benefit optimization method for inverters participation in reducing reactive power losses in distribution networks. Firstly, the cost quantification models for the investment, transformation, operation, and lifespan loss of the photovoltaic inverters involved in reactive power loss reduction are established. Secondly, the benefit quantification models for loss reduction and power factor improvement are developed. Thirdly, considering various operational scenarios of both photovoltaic systems and loads, a comprehensive benefit optimization method for photovoltaic inverters participating in reactive power loss reduction in distribution networks is proposed. Finally, through example analysis, the cost and benefit are calculated and fitted in different scenarios, and the optimization calculation is carried out. Compared to the scenario where the photovoltaic inverter operates at the maximum reactive power regulation capacity, the optimized comprehensive benefit is increased by 21.20%. The proposed method is validated to effectively enhance the comprehensive benefits of inverters participation in reactive power loss reduction.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE RESISTANCE OF THE NEUTRAL GROUNDING RESISTOR ON THE 20 KV VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION MODES OF OPERATION

The article examines the impact of different modes of neutral grounding on the operating parameters of 20 kV distribution networks, in particular, the selection of the optimal resistor resistance for resistive neutral grounding. One of the main tasks is to improve the efficiency of distribution networks of the UES of Ukraine by switching from a voltage of 10 kV to 20 kV. This solution is aimed at reducing power losses, increasing the amount of transmitted energy and improving the operation of relay protection. In the context of such a transition, the choice of the method of grounding the neutral of the power transformer is particularly relevant, which significantly affects the reliability and safety of operation of electrical networks. In the study, an analysis of the effect of resistive grounding of the neutral of the transformer on the operating characteristics of the 20 kV network was performed, as well as determination of the optimal value of the resistance of the resistor. The article presents the results of a comparison of a network with an isolated neutral and resistive grounding. The main operating parameters, such as short-circuit currents, overvoltages on undamaged phases, power losses and operation of relay protection, which have a significant impact on the stability and safety of network operation, are analyzed. Modeling is performed using the PowerFactory software complex, which provides the ability to accurately reproduce the real operating conditions of electrical systems. To conduct the research, a simulation model of the distribution network was created based on a two-transformer 110/20 kV substation, which includes two sections with outgoing lines of different lengths and loads. Special attention was paid to the selection of the resistance of the neutral grounding resistor and its influence on network parameters. Four options were considered in the study: isolated neutral and resistive grounding with a resistance of 10 Ohm, 15 Ohm and 20 Ohm. It was established that in order to ensure stable and safe operation of the distribution network, it is important to correctly choose the neutral grounding method. The best option is resistive grounding with a resistance of 15 Ohms, which allows you to reduce power losses, provides a sufficient level of currents for the effective operation of relay protection, and minimizes the risks of overvoltages on undamaged phases. This study is important for increasing the reliability of the operation of distribution networks and the security of electricity supply, especially in the context of the modernization of Ukraine's UES networks.

ANALISIS STRATEGI PT BUMYANG GLOVE DI YOGYAKARTA DALAM PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING

PT Bumyang Glove Prime was established in 2021, with its main product being golf gloves. The company produces and distributes more than 10 types of gloves, including golf gloves, hiking gloves, riding gloves, and winter gloves. This research aims to analyze the strategies adopted by PT Bumyang Glove in Yogyakarta to enhance the company's competitiveness in the glove industry. The research method used is a qualitative approach with SWOT analysis, considering internal and external factors affecting the company. Data were obtained through interviews, field observations, and analysis of relevant documents. The results show that PT Bumyang Glove has successfully strengthened its position in the market through product diversification strategies, improving production quality, and investing in research and development. The company is also active in expanding its distribution network and forming partnerships with suppliers and potential customers. However, challenges such as intense competition, fluctuations in raw material prices, and changes in product quality standard regulations are also identified.

Raman scattering impairments caused by 50G-PON introduction and mitigation techniques

We explore the impact of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the context of multiple PON generations sharing the same optical distribution network. The 50G-PON, being the last specified ITU-T PON, imposes the use of high launch power to meet strong optical path loss requirements. We show that the XGS-PON upstream could be the first victim of the introduction of 50G-PON since its wavelength spacing maximizes Raman scattering. We exploit a model to describe both in simulation and experiment the SRS-induced depletion on XGS-PON. Assuming that 50G-PON will be deployed on the current passive infrastructure, we also exploit field data to precisely predict the amount of terminations exceeding the requirements. The results show that up to 1.8 dB can be lost on XGS-PON upstream signals, 1.3 dB on the 50G-PON upstream, and 0.5 dB on the G-PON upstream, over a distance of 20 km of fiber. Up to 3% of terminations may be affected, according to our field data exploitation. Improving the receivers’ sensitivity through either better photodiodes, signal processing, or forward error correction could relax the high launch power constraints, and thus the SRS. Deploying an optical splitter at the central office could also limit the power actually launched into the fiber while meeting high split ratios. Finally, decreasing the 50G-PON downstream wavelength seems a possible option to mitigate the Raman scattering.

Research on Voltage Stability Strategy of Energy Storage Access to High Penetration Wind and Solar Power Distribution Network System with SOP (Soft Open Point)

Research on Voltage Stability Strategy of Energy Storage Access to High Penetration Wind and Solar Power Distribution Network System with SOP (Soft Open Point)

A multivariable adaptive formation control for multiple UAVs with external uncertain disturbances

Purpose A multivariable model reference adaptive control method is proposed to solve a distributed leader–follower formation control problem of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with uncertain parameters and unknown external disturbances for both leader and followers. Design/methodology/approach A case of uncertain stochastic external disturbances for UAVs is considered, and based on the distributed communication network of UAVs, a state-feedback adaptive controller is proposed to maintain the formation of UAVs consistently. Then, the stability and asymptotic tracking performance of the UAV formation control system are analyzed by the Lyapunov function. Findings The simulation results demonstrate that this formation control scheme can effectively solve the stochastic external disturbance problem of UAVs and ensure the stability of their formation. Originality/value The proposed multivariable model reference adaptive control method reduces the error of formation control system and improves the stability and control performance of UAV compared with fixed control.

Dynamic event-triggered attitude synchronization of multi-spacecraft formation via a learning Chebyshev neural network control approach

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the attitude synchronization issue of multi-spacecraft formation flying systems under the limited communication resources. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a distributed learning Chebyshev neural network controller (LCNNC) combining a dynamic event-triggered (DET) mechanism and a learning CNN model to achieve accurate multi-spacecraft attitude synchronization under communication constraints. Findings The proposed method can significantly reduce the internal communication frequency and improve the attitude synchronization accuracy. Practical implications This method requires the low communication resources, has a high control accuracy and is thus suitable for engineering applications. Originality/value A novel DET mechanism-based LCNNC is proposed to achieve the accurate multi-spacecraft attitude synchronization under communication constraints.

Evaluating the Spatial Distribution Networks and Efficiency of Postharvest Supply Chains for the Sustainability of Vegetable Enterprise in the Valley of Kashmir, India

Evaluating the Spatial Distribution Networks and Efficiency of Postharvest Supply Chains for the Sustainability of Vegetable Enterprise in the Valley of Kashmir, India

Research on Low-Carbon Site Selection Decision Model and Algorithm for Green Logistics

This work proposes a low-carbon site selection decision model and algorithm for green logistics. The focus is to minimize carbon emissions while optimizing the distribution network. With the development of smart shared logistics and increasing environmental awareness, there is an urgent need to tackle issues in urban logistics, including pollution, resource inefficiency, high carbon energy usage, and greenhouse gas emissions. By integrating geographic, environmental, and operational data, the proposed site selection model incorporates multi-objective optimization to balance carbon efficiency with cost-effectiveness in logistics site selection. We employ a hybrid algorithm combining Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to solve the complex decision-making process. The model is tested using real-world logistics data, and the results demonstrate significant reductions in carbon emissions and transportation costs when compared to conventional logistics site selection methods. Further sensitivity analysis reveals that the model is robust under varying transportation demands and geographic constraints. Also, we highlight the role of green logistics in achieving corporate sustainability goals aligning with global carbon neutrality initiatives. We believe this model offers a practical approach to fostering environmentally responsible supply chains and will contribute to the advancement of sustainable logistics operations, helping organizations make informed, eco-friendly decisions in site selection.

A Time-Limited Adaptive Reclosing Method in Active Distribution Networks Considering Anti-Islanding Protection

In active distribution networks (DNs), distributed energy resources (DERs) must be disconnected from the grid prior to automatic reclosing actions. Many scholars have proposed non-voltage checking reclosing methods, but a significant challenge arises; many substations lack line-side voltage transformers (LSVTs), making these schemes impractical. To address this, we introduce a time-limited adaptive automatic reclosing (TLAR) method that integrates DERs’ anti-islanding protection (AIP) with automatic reclosing. This method estimates the AIP action time using bus-side voltage measurements before the system-side protection (SSP) is tripped and adjusts the reclosing time accordingly to enhance power supply reliability. Simulations using PSCAD validate the method’s effectiveness. The TLAR method is well-suited for distribution lines without conditions for non-voltage checking, is cost-effective, easy to implement, and contributes to power system stability.

Assessing Grid Reliability for Optimal Integration of System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor Technology (SMART) for Kenya: A Case of the Nairobi Distribution Network

The integration of advanced nuclear technologies like the System-Integrated Modular Advanced Reactor (SMART) offers a transformative approach to enhancing grid reliability in developing countries. This study focuses on the Nairobi distribution network in Kenya, a critical region characterized by an evolving energy mix of geothermal, hydro, solar, and wind power sources, comprising 220 kV and 132 kV transmission lines feeding 66 kV, 33 kV, and 11 kV distribution lines to various load centers. Using ETAP 22 simulation software, the research evaluates the impact of SMART integration through three scenarios: baseline operation, grid compensator-only operation, and SMART-SMR integration. Key reliability indices such as the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) were analyzed. Results reveal that integrating a 100 MW SMART reactor reduces SAIDI by 2.8% (5.0433 h/customer-year) and SAIFI by 5.1% (0.0516 interruptions/customer-year), while maintaining voltage profiles within 98.21–98.91% of nominal. This analysis bridges gaps in prior research by demonstrating SMART’s ability to stabilize power grids in emerging economies, providing critical insights for policymakers aiming to achieve reliable and sustainable energy systems.

Utilizing Soft Open Points for Effective Voltage Management in Multi-Microgrid Distribution Systems

To enhance stability and reliability, multi-microgrid systems have been developed as replacements for conventional distribution networks. Traditionally, switches have been used to interconnect these microgrids, but this approach often results in uncoordinated power sharing, leading to economic inefficiencies and technical challenges such as voltage fluctuations, delay in response, etc. This research, in turn, introduces a novel multi-microgrid system that utilizes advanced electronic devices known as soft open points (SOPs) to enable effective voltage management and controllable power sharing between microgrids while also providing reactive power support. To account for uncertainties in the system, the two-point estimate method (2PEM) is applied. Simulation results on an IEEE 33-bus network with high renewable energy penetration reveal that the proposed SOP-based system significantly outperforms the traditional switch-based method, with a minimum voltage level of 0.98 p.u., compared to 0.93 p.u. in the conventional approach. These findings demonstrate the advantages of using SOPs for voltage management in forming multi-microgrid systems.

Криза прав власності у розподільчому сегменті ринку природного газу України

During the time of independent Ukraine's existence, the authorized state bodies have not developed effective mechanisms for the use of state-owned gas distribution networks by private operators. Despite the state being the de facto owner of these networks, it was unable to receive appropriate compensation for their operation, and no incentives were created for the modernization of the networks. Meanwhile, private operators were motivated to consistently report a decrease in the value of such assets. Another complex issue, in terms of the efficiency and fairness of managing the gas distribution system, is the ownership of networks built with consumer funds and transferred to gas distribution network operators for operation. The lack of clear understanding regarding the ownership of gas transportation networks results in significant wear and tear of the networks and substantial production and technical losses. Gas transmission operators are not interested in making significant investments in the renewal and development of networks, as they do not own them, and there are no other obligations that could incentivize such activities. The state does not receive any income from the use of state property by economic entities. In the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, the issue of property rights and further investments in the development of gas distribution networks has once again come to the forefront. The need to adapt the energy system to the new challenges of the war necessitates the formation of a decentralized model of the national energy system. In the gas sector, this means that at the local level, local self-government bodies will need to take the initiative in implementing small energy projects to meet the energy supply demands of the local population, such as the construction of various types of gas cogeneration plants. The construction of such projects will require the adaptation and development of the existing gas distribution networks to meet new requirements. The formation of a new decentralized model of the national energy network is impossible without resolving the old problems related to the ownership rights of gas distribution networks and establishing a market-based tariff setting for the operation of these networks. The article analyzes the theoretical prerequisites for the emergence of the property rights crisis in the distribution segment of the natural gas market based on the theory of property rights. Through retrospective analysis, the main flaws in the state energy policy in the management of state-owned gas distribution networks are identified, which led to the current property rights crisis and increased transaction costs among entities in Ukraine’s natural gas market. Based on the obtained results and taking into account foreign experience in the privatization and regulation of the economic activities of gas distribution operators, the author proposes various ways to address the problems of managing property rights for the distribution gas networks.

Nearest-Better Network-Assisted Fitness Landscape Analysis of Contaminant Source Identification in Water Distribution Network

Contaminant Source Identification in Water Distribution Network (CSWIDN) is critical for ensuring public health, and optimization algorithms are commonly used to solve this complex problem. However, these algorithms are highly sensitive to the problem’s landscape features, which has limited their effectiveness in practice. Despite this, there has been little experimental analysis of the fitness landscape for CSWIDN, particularly given its mixed-encoding nature. This study addresses this gap by conducting a comprehensive fitness landscape analysis of CSWIDN using the Nearest-Better Network (NBN), the only applicable method for mixed-encoding problems. Our analysis reveals for the first time that CSWIDN exhibits the landscape features, including neutrality, ruggedness, modality, dynamic change, and separability. These findings not only deepen our understanding of the problem’s inherent landscape features but also provide quantitative insights into how these features influence algorithm performance. Additionally, based on these insights, we propose specific algorithm design recommendations that are better suited to the unique challenges of the CSWIDN problem. This work advances the knowledge of CSWIDN optimization by both qualitatively characterizing its landscape and quantitatively linking these features to algorithms’ behaviors.

Optimization of water distribution networks using simulated annealing (SA) with variable neighbourhood search (VNS): a case study in the city of Malard

ABSTRACT Water distribution networks (WDNs) are essential for modern cities, as effective design can reduce construction costs and ensure reliable service. As cities expand, optimizing these large networks becomes increasingly complex. In this work, we introduce a novel approach by combining simulated annealing (SA) with variable neighbourhood search (VNS) into a single heuristic algorithm for WDN optimization, marking the first use of the SA-VNS method in this context. Additionally, we apply Taguchi's design of experiments (DOE) to tune the parameters of the SA-VNS algorithm specifically for water networks. We tested our new algorithm on four standard benchmark networks and a real-world WDN, including a case study of a large city. Our results demonstrate that the SA-VNS algorithm outperforms existing methods in terms of cost, speed, and overall effectiveness, making this research a significant advancement in both heuristic methods and parameter-tuning techniques for WDN optimization.

Dynamic sensitivity‐based clustering of distributed energy resources using LoRaWAN technology for voltage regulation in distribution networks

Dynamic sensitivity‐based clustering of distributed energy resources using LoRaWAN technology for voltage regulation in distribution networks

Decision support for evaluating performance and prioritizing rehabilitation of the water distribution network: a case study of Chelghoum-Laid, Mila City, Algeria

This research article explores the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a decision support tool for evaluating and rehabilitating the water distribution network in Mila City, Algeria. The study identifies key challenges, such as water loss, infrastructure deterioration, and inadequate service delivery. By employing AHP, the researchers systematically prioritize various performance indicators, including water quality, pressure, and operational efficiency. Data is gathered from field assessments and stakeholder interviews to develop a hierarchical model that reflects the network's critical factors. The findings demonstrate that AHP facilitates informed decision-making by allowing stakeholders to weigh different rehabilitation options effectively. The results indicate that targeted investments can significantly improve the system’s performance. The AHP method has revealed that the performance of the "network condition" criterion is around 36%, and the performance of the "customer complaint handling" criterion is 0.49, indicating that the network is in poor condition. On the other hand, the performance of the "physical-chemical quality of the distributed water" is approximately 80%. Overall, the performance of the distribution network is average at about 50%, suggesting the need for renovation to improve its efficiency and functionality. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating AHP into water management practices, suggesting that it can enhance the sustainability and reliability of water services in Mila City. The conclusions provide actionable recommendations for local authorities and utility managers to guide future rehabilitation efforts, contributing to improved water resource management in Algeria.

Study on Instability Mechanism and Compensation Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage Systems

Distributed energy storage systems (DESSs), which would become key components in a new power system, can flexibly deliver peak load shaving and demand management. With the popularization of distributed renewable energy generation in a distribution network, the grid impedance varies and DESSs thus have to face stability issues. In order to enhance the system’s stability, a compensation strategy is proposed for the inverter in a DESS. First, a stability analysis model is developed to show the main factors that affect system stability. Then, an improved compensation strategy is proposed for the phase-locked loop (PLL) in a DESS, in which control parameters are adaptively tuned on-line according to real-time conditions to improve the stability of a grid-tied DESS. Simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental results are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy significantly increases the system’s tolerance to grid impedance variations, maintains total harmonic distortion (THD) below 5% during normal operation, and effectively reduces low-order harmonic content caused by impedance fluctuations. Moreover, the strategy is demonstrated to enhance system stability under low state-of-charge (SOC) conditions, showcasing its robustness and adaptability across various operating scenarios.