Network Printers Research Articles

DevTag: A Benchmark for Fingerprinting IoT Devices

Nowadays, various Internet of Things (IoT) devices, such as routers, webcams, and network printers, have been deployed across the Internet. For security and management purposes, it is important to accurately fingerprint IoT devices. In this work, we build a first benchmark called DevTag (IoT Device Tagging) for fingerprinting IoT devices. Specifically, DevTag supports retrieving packet-level features from IoT devices through two different data collections, passive monitoring, and active probing. For detecting IoT devices, DevTag integrates model-based and rule-based fingerprinting methods. For the model-based detection, we reimplemented five typical deep algorithms to infer IoT device classification models. For the rule-based detection, we generated nearly 41 117 rules in a unified format by analyzing several open-source tools. Furthermore, we conducted a systematic analysis to explore the advantages and limitations of those two methods for detecting IoT devices. Our analysis results reveal that the model-based detection has a significant advantage in distinguishing coarse-grained IoT devices (e.g., device type and vendor), while it is not suitable to detect product information as the label amount is massive. The rule-based detection is capable of extracting fine-grained device information with high precision in a short time. However, rules also suffer several inherent problems, such as multiple matching, conflicting, and overlapping issues. Finally, we implemented and distributed a prototype of DevTag working as the first benchmark for detecting IoT devices in the network community.

An edge cloud and Fibonacci-Diffie-Hellman encryption scheme for secure printer data transmission.

Network printers face increasing security threats from network attacks that can lead to sensitive information leakage and data tampering. To address these risks, we propose a novel Fibonacci-Diffie-Hellman (FIB-DH) encryption scheme using edge cloud collaboration. Our approach utilizes properties of third-order Fibonacci matrices combined with the Diffie-Hellman key exchange to encrypt printer data transmissions. The encrypted data is transmitted via edge cloud servers and verified by the receiver using inverse Fibonacci transforms. Our experiments demonstrate that the FIB-DH scheme can effectively improve printer data transmission security against common attacks compared to conventional methods. The results show reduced vulnerabilities to leakage and tampering attacks in our approach. This work provides an innovative application of cryptographic techniques to strengthen security for network printer communications.

Availability of digital resources and institutional compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures in a Nigerian university: A descriptive study

The state of the availability of digital resources and institutional compliance to COVID-19 mitigation measures was evaluated by the researchers in this study. Informed by the need to answer two research questions, the study adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample of 409 participants was drawn from a population of 2,410 academic staff at the University of Calabar, leveraging the multistage sampling process. “Availability of digital resources and institutional compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures questionnaire” was used for data collection. After administration, we recovered 397 copies of the instrument successfully. We used descriptive statistics to answer the research questions. Our findings indicated a great extent in the availability of digital resources such as computers (91.18%), human capacity (63.48%), network printers (67.76%), projectors (59.19%), websites (92.95%), and wireless networks (86.65%). There was a low extent in the availability of digital resources such as local area network (5.79%), cloud storage systems (2.27%), digital libraries (7.56%), firewalls (1.26%), Internet service (48.36%), routers (23.69%), and Zoom videoconferencing platform (23.93%). The unavailability of digital resources such as host/servers (0%) and virtual private networks (0%) in the higher education institution (HEI). Further evidence shows a low extent of institutional compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures generally and specifically for all indicators. In conclusion, there is a high degree of unreadiness to promote e-learning when flexible learning systems should operate in the institution. Among others, we recommend that the management of the HEI should apportion proceeds from internally generated funds to procure digital resources to increase the institution's capacity to respond to COVID-19 or similar cases in the future.

Microsoft Ad & azure SSO integration with ServiceNow

Service Now is an application-platform-as-a-service provider, providing technical management support, such as IT service management, to the IT operations of large corporations including Service Portal for customers and employees. Service Now provides user management with groups and role management out of the box. In large corporations it is very difficult to manage the users and access control for individual applications. To overcome these setbacks integrating the application with Active Directory is the one simple and widely used solution. Microsoft’s Active Directory (AD) is a directory service used to store information about network resources across and provides a hierarchal way to the entire network of users, devices and applications. Active directory stores information about network resources such as users, user’s password, groups, network printer and computer and make the information available to users and administration. Microsoft introduced Azure AD, a cloud-based PaaS service in its Azure suite, which offers Single Sign on (SSO) along with AD. In this thesis, integrating these two tools with ServiceNow for seamless User and Access management along with SSO.

Multi-service threats: Attacking and protecting network printers and VoIP phones alike

Printing over a network and calling over VoIP technology are routine at present. This article investigates to what extent these services can be attacked using freeware in the real world if they are not configured securely. In finding out that attacks of high impact, termed the Printjack and Phonejack families, could be mounted at least from insiders, the article also observes that secure configurations do not appear to be widely adopted. Users with the necessary skills may put existing security measures in place with printers, but would need novel measures, which the article prototypes, with phones in order for a pair of peers to call each other securely and without trusting anyone else, including sysadmins.

Development of instrument classification system administration of servers

The article is devoted to the topical issue of searching for methods of application of server system administration tools that provide the ability to manage and maintain the server infrastructure of the cloud environment. The task is to determine the classification of system administration tools that are necessary for effective system administration of cloud servers. It is known that the system administrator is responsible for managing and maintaining the server infrastructure that helps the company achieve its business goals. To perform a variety of tasks, you need to decide on the choice of server administration tools from a variety of existing or new ones. This raises difficulties in selecting the most effective means of solving problems and describing these administrative tools for study due to the lack of defined criteria for selecting the appropriate tool for the relevant administrative situation. This is especially important when there are issues of training system administrators, i.e. it is necessary to achieve certain learning objectives, after which the administrator will be able to: describe the functions of the administration center; rules for effective use of toolkits for system administration, cross-platform administration tools, tools for automation of individual administration tasks; use various analyzers and administration sniffers, remote server administration tools to manage servers; determine the order of server scheduling; to find special software for maintenance and configuration of many computer systems and monitoring networks, as well as various utilities, applications and administrators for administration. To solve this problem, the article proposes a method for determining the characteristics for the classification of many administration tools by determining the types of system administrators: database administrator; server administrator; network administrator; security administrator; web administrator; systems engineer; reliability engineer. The list of groups of typical tasks is defined: administration of users and groups of users; administration of system security tools; administration of local and network printers; event and resource monitoring; data archiving and recovery. Classes of tools of automation of tasks of system administration are offered: packages of tools for system administration, cross-platform tools of administration, tools in the form of automation of separate tasks of administration. The analysis of classes of tools for system administration is carried out. It is shown that knowledge of system administration tools is necessary to troubleshoot, test, communicate, and fix systems that are required to continue. With the right tools, the work becomes less tedious, as many tasks can be performed with these system administration tools.

Signal Attenuation of Data Transmission by Power Lines

Power Line Communication (PLC) technologies are actively developing and becoming more and more in demand all over the world. They are used in the automation of technological processes, the organization of video surveillance systems and even to control a "smart" home. Research in the field of data transmission using the power grid has been going on for a long time. Once upon a time, the use of PLCs was hampered by low data transfer rates and insufficient immunity from interference. The development of microelectronics and the creation of modern, and most importantly, more efficient processors (chipsets) made it possible to use complex modulation methods for signal processing, which made it possible to significantly advance in the implementation of PLC. However, only a few specialists still know about the real possibilities of communication technology over the power grid. The reliability of data transmission is greatly influenced by interference from various electrical appliances, fluorescent lamps, etc., which interfere with the wires. The strongest influence of impulse noise arising from the operation of electric motors, welding equipment and microwave ovens. However, reliable methods of encoding and encrypting data used in modern PLC technologies provide not only a high level of reliability in the transmission of information, but also its protection from unauthorized access. In addition, when organizing communication, electromagnetic compatibility must be ensured, i.e. it is necessary to reduce the spurious electromagnetic radiation arising from the process of data transmission. Today PLC finds wide practical application. Due to the fact that the technology uses the existing power grid, it can be used in the automation of technological processes for linking automation units via electric wires (for example, city electricity meters). The widespread use of low-voltage electrical networks 0.22 ... 0.38 kV, the absence of the need to carry out expensive work on the construction of trenches and punching walls for laying cables stimulate an increased interest in these networks as a data transmission medium. Often, PLCs are used to create video surveillance systems or a local area network in small offices, where the main requirements for the network are ease of implementation, device mobility and easy scalability. At the same time, both the entire office network and its individual segments can be built using PLC adapters. It is often necessary to connect a remote computer or network printer located in another room or even at the other end of the building to an existing office network - using PLC adapters, this problem can be solved in a few minutes. In addition, PLC technology opens up new opportunities for implementing the idea of a "smart" home, in which all consumer electronics must be tied into a single information network with the possibility of centralized control. The article discusses the basic principles of using power lines as a communication channel, and ways to build such networks. Also, it offers to get acquainted with the main problems of this technology and ways to solve them.

Managing endpoints, the weakest link in the security chain

Endpoint security is a term open to interpretation. Traditionally, an endpoint would be any device or node connected to the LAN or WAN, such as a workstation or end-user PC, or a modem, a hub or a switch. But now endpoints incorporate a multitude of additional digital devices from laptops, tablets and mobile phones, which sit on the edge of the network, through to network printers, consumer and industrial IoT devices and point-of-sale systems.Endpoints include a multitude of additional digital devices from laptops, tablets and mobile phones through to network printers, IoT devices and point-of-sale systems.Securing this ever-expanding portfolio of endpoint technology has become an urgent necessity, not least because these devices represent a significant risk to the cloud ecosystem. By securing the input of sensitive data and by wrapping security around the applications that handle sensitive data, organisations can add another layer, boosting the protection of endpoint devices, explains Dave Waterson of SentryBay.

RAFM: A Real-time Auto Detecting and Fingerprinting Method for IoT devices

In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, a large number of Internet of things devices such as network printers, webcams and routers have emerged in the cyberspace. However, the situation of network security is increasingly serious. Large-scale network attacks launched by terminal devices connected to the Internet occur frequently, causing a series of adverse effects such as information leakage and property loss to people. The establishment of a set of fingerprint generation system for Internet of things devices to accurately identify the device type is of great significance for the unified security control of the Internet of things. We proposed a RAFM which is a detection and identification system of IoT. RAFM consists two major module including auto detection and fingerprinting. RAFM collects messages sent by different Internet of things devices by means of passive listening. Based on the differences in the header fields of different devices, it USES a series of multi-class classification algorithms to identify device types. Simulation experiments show that RAFM can achieve an average prediction accuracy of 93.75%.

와이어샤크를 이용한 네트워크 프린터의 통신상 보안 취약점 진단

일반적인 출력환경은 컴퓨터와 프린터를 1:1로 연결해서 사용한다. 그러나 이런 로컬연결 환경은 공간적, 시간적, 금전적 물리적 한계로인해 사용자가 많은 공간에서는 n:1의 네트워크 기반 인쇄환경으로 발전되었다. 네트워크 프린터는 문서를 출력하기 위해 패킷으로 데이터를 수신하게 되는데 보안 프로토콜을 지원하지 않는 것이 일반적이다. 따라서 네트워크 프린터를 이용 시 인쇄물에 대한 중간자 공격이나 스푸핑 등 네트워크 공격에 노출되어 인쇄 중인 문서의 내용이 탈취 될 가능성이 높은데 이를 인지하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 보안 프로토콜이 지원되지 않는 네트워크 프린터 환경에서 와이어샤크를 이용해 패킷을 캡쳐하고 인쇄물에 대한 중간자 공격을 이용해 탈취한 패킷을 이용해 원문을 복원하고 문서내용 변경을 통해 무결성을 회손하는 실험을 실시하여 보안의 필요성과 보안 요구사항을 도출하였다.

Study on Client-Side Color Reproduction Methods of Network Printing

Because of the current network printing, exists the problem about the long print cycle, expensive and big chromatic aberration of the client display color reproduction. The article gives a method to gets the printing reproduction data and gets WYSIWYG about network printing client desktop displays color. On the basis of client's desktop display color, with the help of network printers printing technology, image processing software, visual observation of network clients and network form, the client desktop color display data is gotten. By the software reduction calculation, the method implements consistent the effect between the client-side displays color and printing color. The demonstration shows that it can solve the problem of network printing client display color printing reproduce, improves the quality of network printing, reduces network printing cycle.

Greener library printing and copying

PurposeLibraries have a variety of computer printers, faxes, network printers and photocopiers. All these machines have an environmental impact using paper, ink and electricity. This paper aims to discuss strategies for lessening the impact of these devices.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a “how‐to” approach for librarians to achieve greener printing and copying.FindingsModification in library procedures can result in greener printing and copying.Originality/valueThe paper reviews the research on greener printing and provides practical suggestions for achieving greener printing and copying.

How Much Can a Person Really Lift? Tailoring Lifting Guidelines for Specific Tasks

How much can a person lift? Human factors/ergonomics experts get this question all the time and we all know there is no easy answer. Unfortunately, many companies are forced to use an all-encompassing lifting limit that is safe for all people in all situations. Since a general lifting limit does not take into account any of the relative specific variables it will almost certainly be overly restrictive for any specific application. At InfoPrint the corporate lifting limits were unnecessarily restrictive for the specific task of lifting network printers which created inefficiencies in the development process. Therefore, a set of more specific corporate lifting guidelines for printers were developed for workgroup laser printers which streamlined the printer development and approval process.

How Much Can a Person Really Lift? Tailoring Lifting Guidelines for Specific Tasks

How much can a person lift? Human factors/ergonomics experts get this question all the time and we all know there is no easy answer. Unfortunately, many companies are forced to use an all-encompassing lifting limit that is safe for all people in all situations. Since a general lifting limit does not take into account any of the relative specific variables it will almost certainly be overly restrictive for any specific application. At InfoPrint the corporate lifting limits were unnecessarily restrictive for the specific task of lifting network printers which created inefficiencies in the development process. Therefore, a set of more specific corporate lifting guidelines for printers were developed for workgroup laser printers which streamlined the printer development and approval process.

Color Network Printers and Services

Color Network Printers and Services

Practical Linux programming: device drivers, embedded systems, and the Internet

From the Publisher: Linux is becoming the OS of choice for embedded system designers and engineers, due to itsreal-time power and flexibility. This book/CD package introduces the essentials of the device driver and embedded system design process, including network printers, data acquisition systems, entrance security systems, and other general applications. It also addresses the growing need to integrate the Internet into all aspects of the design process. This unique approach is covered through examples that teach programmers how to incorporate Internet-related Web and database technology seamlessly with Linux inter-process communication facilities. These key technologies are covered throughout the book with real-world tutorials that teach programmers how to develop their own embedded applications. KEY FEATURES - Integrates the Internet design issues of Web and database technologies with inter-process communication facilities - Shows how to modularize a design project into manageable objects to achieve a fast and efficient product development cycle - Includes detailed coverage of Perl and Shell programming, HTML tags, SQL queries, and GNU system tools - Companion CD-ROM includes source code for all project examples and valuable third party software Author Biography: Ashfaq A. Khan is a development engineer for Xerox Corp. with over 20 years of experience designing and implementing embedded systems. Khan has conducted several workshops on embedded system design and is an adjunct professor at the University of California, Irvine. He resides in Torrance, CA.

Abstracts of Recent Articles and Literature

Abstracts of Recent Articles and Literature

Trp1, a Candidate Protein for the Store-operated Ca2+Influx Mechanism in Salivary Gland Cells

The trp gene family has been proposed to encode the store-operated Ca(2+) influx (SOC) channel(s). This study examines the role of Trp1 in the SOC mechanism of salivary gland cells. htrp1, htrp3, and Trp1 were detected in the human submandibular gland cell line (HSG). HSG cells stably transfected with htrp1alpha cDNA displayed (i) a higher level of Trp1, (ii) a 3-5-fold increase in SOC (thapsigargin-stimulated Ca(2+) influx), determined by [Ca(2+)](i) and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel current measurements, and (iii) similar basal Ca(2+) permeability, and inhibition of SOC by Gd(3+) but not by Zn(2+), as compared with control cells. Importantly, (i) transfection of HSG cells with antisense trp1alpha cDNA decreased endogenous Trp1 level and significantly attenuated SOC, and (ii) transfection of HSG cells with htrp3 cDNA did not increase SOC. These data demonstrate an association between Trp1 and SOC and strongly suggest that Trp1 is involved in this mechanism in HSG cells. Consistent with this suggestion, Trp1 was detected in the plasma membrane region, the proposed site of SOC, of acinar and ductal cells in intact rat submandibular glands. Based on these aggregate data, we propose Trp1 as a candidate protein for the SOC mechanism in salivary gland cells.

Accessing embedded systems via WWW: the ProWeb toolset

The ubiquity of Web browsers makes them an ideal generic front end for simple client-server systems. A very suitable area of application is controlling embedded systems, such as network printers, where supporting standard Web browsers is a cost-effective and convenient alternative to developing custom client software for remote administration from different platforms. This paper describes the design and implementation of a flexible communication server to be run directly on the embedded system. It supports different protocols to allow remote access, including HTTP. Thus, the embedded system can be accessed with any Web browser. Its state is represented as a set of Web pages containing dynamically generated information. Java applets included in these Web pages can connect back to the server to subscribe to live data feeds for real-time visualization of the embedded system's state. A GUI builder implemented as a Java applet can be used to customize the visual appearance of these applets.

Use of digital microscopy in process control during the manufacture of rubber-modified thermoplastics

The production of rubber modified thermoplastics can exceed rates of 30,000 pounds per hour. If a production plant needs to equilibrate or has an upset, that means operating costs and lost revenue. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used for process adjustments to minimize product loss. Conventional TEM, however, is not a rapid turnaround technique. The TEM process was examined, and it was determined that 50% of the time it took to complete a polymer sample was related to film processing, even when using automated equipment. By replacing the conventional film portion of the process with a commercially available system to digitally acquire the TEM image, a production plant can have the same TEM image in the control room within 1.5 hours of sampling.A Hitachi H-600 TEM Operated at 100 kV with a tungsten filament was retrofitted with a SEMICAPS™ image collection and processing workstation and a KODAK MEGAPLUS™ charged coupled device (CCD) camera (Fig. 1). Media Cybernetics Image-Pro Plus software was included, and connections to a Phaser II SDX printer and the network were made. Network printers and other PC and Mac software (e.g. NIH Image) were available. By using digital acquisition and processing, the time it takes to produce a hard copy of a digital image is greatly reduced compared to the time it takes to process film.