Network Equipment Manufacturers Research Articles

A method of secure network traffic routing based on specified criterias

Due to the implementation of new network services, the increase amount of data that need to be transmitted, and the use of networks in various sectors with diverse communication requirements, there is a need to develop new approaches to ensure the quality of such communications. Leading network equipment manufacturers and standardization organizations are developing new routing algorithms, resulting in the introduction of new routing protocols or improvements to existing ones. However, all these algorithms cover routing principles for general-purpose networks and do not consider the communication requirements of specialized networks. Therefore, the task arises to research optimization directions for network traffic routing, define optimization criteria, and further develop a method for secure network traffic routing based on the specified criteria. In this work, a routing method is proposed that takes into account the defined requirements when searching for the optimal route. In the case of dynamic routing, each router calculates the shortest routes to all other networks based on the shortest path search algorithm. This work defines a method for calculating metrics based on specified criteria and formally describes the algorithm for finding the shortest path. Quality of communication criteria is introduced, which will enable meeting communication requirements in specialized networks. Calculation methods for these criteria are demonstrated, and data collection methods for the calculation of specified criteria are determined. A formula for calculating metrics is proposed, which includes the possibility of selecting T-values and determining their numerical parameters to prioritize specific criteria. Default values for criteria are defined, and metric calculations are tested by default for different types of interfaces. After calculating metrics, the task reduces to finding the shortest paths in a weighted graph using an algorithm based on Dijkstra's algorithm. The proposed algorithm for finding the shortest path involves identifying the primary (shortest) and backup paths from a given source vertex to all other graph vertices. A formal description of the proposed algorithm is provided.

A Best Approach to Load Balancing in Cloud Computing Security Using SSL in Iaas Infrastructure

Now a days there is low performance of cloud computing service provider cloud computing service provider allow users to hire a service on rent basis to use high cost software and hardware resources so now a days this feature are usable without suffering discontinue services and performance of the system the secure socket layer and associated security algorithm come with internet age and first introduce by Netscape but some problem found with it which is found by some researcher. Now a days cloud computing facility are face problem of performance degradation but we have to avoid such problem.in this paper we have to avoid such problem so we propose a solution on that so in existing system the commercial offering from the F5 Inc a new network equipment manufacturer introduced a product BIG-IP With in simultaneous approach high availability load balancing and secure data channel Key Words: Key words: Secure Socket Layer (SSL), Local TrafficManager (LTM), Access Policy Manager (APM), Infrastructure – as – a - Service (IaaS), Throughput

The graph neural networking challenge

During the last decade, Machine Learning (ML) has increasingly become a hot topic in the field of Computer Networks and is expected to be gradually adopted for a plethora of control, monitoring and management tasks in real-world deployments. This poses the need to count on new generations of students, researchers and practitioners with a solid background in ML applied to networks. During 2020, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has organized the "ITU AI/ML in 5G challenge", an open global competition that has introduced to a broad audience some of the current main challenges in ML for networks. This large-scale initiative has gathered 23 different challenges proposed by network operators, equipment manufacturers and academia, and has attracted a total of 1300+ participants from 60+ countries. This paper narrates our experience organizing one of the proposed challenges: the "Graph Neural Networking Challenge 2020". We describe the problem presented to participants, the tools and resources provided, some organization aspects and participation statistics, an outline of the top-3 awarded solutions, and a summary with some lessons learned during all this journey. As a result, this challenge leaves a curated set of educational resources openly available to anyone interested in the topic.

Innovation network characteristics and equipment manufacturing industry upgrading: based on the mediating effect of innovation ability

In order to strengthen the guiding and supporting role of the innovation-driven development strategy, and to promote the structural optimization and efficiency improvement of the equipment manufacturing industry, this paper analyzes the structure, function and characteristics of the regional equipment manufacturing industry innovation network, and proposes a conceptual model and theoretical hypothesis that the innovation network based on the mediating effect of innovation capability affects the upgrade effect of the regional equipment manufacturing industry. Through a questionnaire survey of 219 enterprises in my country’s equipment manufacturing industry and structural equation model verification, it measures the action path and industrial upgrading law of innovation network influencing regional equipment manufacturing industry upgrading.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ТУНЕЛЮВАННЯ В СУЧАСНИХ КОМП’ЮТЕРНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

Modern corporate networks are a combination of internal and external communication channels. The issue of confiden-tiality in such networks is relevant. To reduce the risks associated with implementing new solutions in continuous cycle systems, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate their impact.For now, there is a large number of network protocols that can be used to create tunnels. Modern network equipment is a rather complex software and hardware system that supports many standards and protocols. Well-known network equipment manufacturer MikroTik has upgraded the RouterOS operating system to version 7, where the main change is the use of an updated Linux kernel version 5.6.3, which allows routers to use several different waysto establish secure connections. In modern research, the main attention is paid to encryption algorithms and tunneling protocols without taking into account the peculiarities of implementation. The aim of the article is to develop semi-natural modeling of networks that can be used in the educational process and production systems. The result of the simulation is quantitative indicators of the performance of network equipment and com-munication channels. The use of semi-natural modeling is necessary when itis not possible to describe the operation of some elements of the system mathematically. Real network equipment and long-distance communication channels of providers were used to model the corporate network. To make the results objective in the test scheme, MikroTik hAP ac2 equipment with a hardware encryption chip and RouterOS v.7.1 were installed on both ends. A 100 Mbps channel was used as the ISP at both ends. The standard Bandwith test tool built into RouterOS is used as a data generator. The study allowed to determine the features of the modern version of the operating system RouterOS. A feature of this version is the built-in implementation of the tunnel using the WireGuard protocol, which showed high performance. The model was also used to obtain quantitative indica-tors of the performance of tunnels with different protocols under the condition of encrypting the transmitted data. As can beseen from the results of the experiments, the impact of protocols and their implementations on the useful bandwidth is significant and can reduce it several times.

New products

Keysight Technologies announces the Keysight S9100A 5G multi-band vector transceiver (S9100A). The S9100A is a compact and scalable 5G base station manufacturing test solution that enables network equipment manufacturers (NEMs) to streamline high volume test of 5G New Radio (NR) infrastructure equipment, accelerating deployment of 5G networks.

TCP proactive congestion control for east-west traffic: The marking threshold

Various extensions of TCP/IP have been proposed to reduce network latency; examples include Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN), Data Center TCP (DCTCP) and several proposals for Active Queue Management (AQM). Combining these techniques requires adjusting various parameters, and recent studies have found that it is difficult to do so while obtaining both high throughput performance and low latency. This is especially true for mixed use data centres that host both latency-sensitive applications and high-throughput workloads with east–west traffic such as Hadoop.This paper studies the difficulty in configuration, and characterises the problem as related to ACK packets. Such packets cannot be set as ECN Capable Transport (ECT), with the consequence that a disproportionate number of them are dropped. The same issue can affect other non-ECT-capable traffic that may co-exist on the network. We explain how this behavior adversely affects throughput, and propose a small change to the way that non-ECT-capable packets are handled in the network switches. Using NS–2 simulation, we demonstrate robust performance for modified AQMs on a Hadoop cluster, maintaining full throughput while reducing latency by 85%. We also demonstrate that commodity switches with shallow buffers are able to reach the same throughput as deeper buffer switches.Finally, we explain how both TCP using ECN and DCTCP can achieve the best performance using a simple marking threshold, in contrast to the current preference for relying on AQMs to mark packets. Overall, we provide recommendations to network equipment manufacturers, cluster administrators and the whole industry on how best to combine high-throughput and latency-sensitive workloads. This article is an extension of our previous work [1], which was published in Proceedings of the 19th IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing (CLUSTER 2017).

Server Operation and Virtualization to Save Energy and Cost in Future Sustainable Computing

Since the introduction of the LTE (Long Term Evolution) service, we have lived in a time of expanding amounts of data. The amount of data produced has increased every year with the increase of smart phone distribution in particular. Telecommunication service providers have to struggle to secure sufficient network capacity in order to maintain quick access to necessary data by consumers. Nonetheless, maintaining the maximum capacity and bandwidth at all times requires considerable cost and excessive equipment. Therefore, to solve such a problem, telecommunication service providers need to maintain an appropriate level of network capacity and to provide sustainable service to customers through a quick network development in case of shortage. So far, telecommunication service providers have bought and used the network equipment directly produced by network equipment manufacturers such as Ericsson, Nokia, Cisco, and Samsung. Since the equipment is specialized for networking, which satisfied consumers with their excellent performances, they are very costly because they are developed with advanced technologies. Moreover, it takes much time due to the purchase process wherein the telecommunication service providers place an order and the manufacturer produces and delivers. Accordingly, there are cases that require signaling and two-way data traffic as well as capacity because of the diversity of IoT devices. For these purposes, the need for NFV (Network Function Virtualization) is raised. Equipment virtualization is performed so that it is operated on an x86-based compatible server instead of working on the network equipment manufacturer’s dedicated hardware. By operating in some compatible servers, it can reduce the wastage of hardware and cope with the change thanks to quick hardware development. This study proposed an efficient system of reducing cost in network server operation using such NFV technology and found that the cost was reduced by 24% compared to existing network equipment. The technique proposed in this study is expected to be a foundation technology for future sustainability computing.

TSDX: Enabling Impairment-Aware All-Optical Inter-Domain Exchange

Optical transmission systems exist ubiquitously in data center, access, metro and long-haul networks, and are divided into different autonomous domains based on different carrier ownership, network equipment manufacturers, geographical location, etc. Software-defined Internet exchange methods have been proposed to solve the long-standing problem of inter-domain routing and enable control flexibility in layer-3 networks, and software-defined networking (SDN) has also been introduced to optical networks and much progress has been made to enhance optical network control capability. In this paper, we investigate a transparent software-defined exchange (tSDX) with real-time impairment-aware service level agreement (SLA) guarantees for multidomain optical networks. An SDN-based hierarchical control architecture is designed and implemented. End-to-end, impairment-aware wavelength path provisioning is experimentally realized in a multidomain network. Real-time optical signal to noise ratio based optical performance monitoring, together with inter-domain negotiation enabled by our proposed SDN control architecture, serves as an SLA guarantee for 100-Gbps polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying signals in dense wavelength division multiplexed transmission.

A Denial of Service Attack to UMTS Networks Using SIM-Less Devices

One of the fundamental security elements in cellular networks is the authentication procedure performed by means of the Subscriber Identity Module that is required to grant access to network services and hence protect the network from unauthorized usage. Nonetheless, in this work we present a new kind of denial of service attack based on properly crafted SIM-less devices that, without any kind of authentication and by exploiting some specific features and performance bottlenecks of the UMTS network attachment process, are potentially capable of introducing significant service degradation up to disrupting large sections of the cellular network coverage. The knowledge of this attack can be exploited by several applications both in security and in network equipment manufacturing sectors.

Designing of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) to Improve the Power Quality for Restructured Power Systems

In Restructured power systems, Power quality is one of the major concerns in the present era. The problem of harmonics, voltage sags and swells and its major impact on sensitive loads are well known. To solve this problem, custom power devices are used. One of those devices is the Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), which is one of the most efficient and effective modern custom power devices used in power distribution networks for the power quality improvement. Control of power quality problems involves cooperation between network operator (utility), customer and equipment manufacturer. A Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a distribution voltage DC-to-AC solid-state switching converter that injects three single phase AC output voltages in series with the distribution feeder and in synchronism with the voltages of the distribution system. A DVR is interface equipment between utility and customer connected in series between the supply and load to mitigate the three major power quality problems, namely the harmonics, voltage sags, and swells etc. This paper concentrates on the designing of Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) for the harmonics compensation so that it can improve the Power Quality (PQ).

Mapping China's 3G market with the strategic network paradigm

This paper explores the inter-firm linkages of China's 3G market players by applying the strategic network paradigm. The 3G strategic network mainly consists of mobile operators, content/application providers, service providers, handset manufacturers, mobile phone dealers, network equipment manufacturers, chipmakers, the government, and customers. Building from the strategic network concept, this paper identifies some of the features of China's 3G market. More new inter-firm ties have been established in the 3G era, while some old ties have been reshaped. Some firms have multiple positions or roles in one strategic network, which results in competition between former partners in the 3G market. Many firms choose to participate in more than one strategic network to exploit scope economies and mitigate the risks of being stranded on a sinking ship. China's government not only determines the initial status of the strategic networks, but also makes policies that affect the evolution of the 3G strategic networks.

Avoid Chinese equipment firms, says Congress

A US Congressional committee has concluded that Chinese network and mobile equipment manufacturers Huawei and ZTE are not to be trusted and that their products may be used for cyber-espionage.

Is the Sun Setting on the Telecom Sector in India?

Not a single day passed during the late nineties, when some newspaper or other did not carry an exciting story about the Telecom sector. These were justifiably among the most exciting times in the India’s growth story. The decade from 2000 to 2010 perhaps witnessed the most dramatic impact of policy and regulatory measures in the Indian Economy. This not only surprised the general public but the regulators themselves. Combined with the dramatic growth and explosion of the IT sector, even skeptics started to believe that ‘the elephant can indeed dance'.The Mobile Phone Industry supports a vast ecosystem of other industries like tower infrastructure, excavation and cable laying, Network equipment manufacturing, Signal and coverage Testing Equipments, Captive power plants, Logistics , Sales and Distribution systems. IT/ITES services etc. The share of Telecom sector in India’s GDP has also risen significantly during this decade. The Government has been a direct beneficiary of this growth, as its share of revenues has not only increased from taxation of the sector, but from non-tax revenues like license fees, spectrum charges and sales/auction of additional spectrum.The momentum that the opening up of the economy had on the telecom sector seems to have run out of steam. It is hard to find anyone talk about telecom revolution other than for the wrong reasons. The 2G scam is but the icing on the cake. Big Telecom operators have been wrestling with falling ARPUs and profit margins. Market valuations of these companies have hurt the investors badly. The heavy consequence of the policy of unrestricted entry was the twin failures: to bridge the digital divide by increasing rural penetration and to make the industry self sustainable propelling for future growth.

Achieving interoperability in synchronous digital hierarchy network management through RM-ODP

Ever since the introduction of computerized digital switching systems and related management systems, network operators have been struggling with the question of how to circumvent the issues of customized and proprietary network management solutions. This topic became of paramount importance to network equipment manufacturers and telecommunications service providers with the advent of the SDH and TMN standards in the late 1980s and early 1990s. It is in the context of this problem that the authors and their colleagues, as telecom standards experts, discovered the Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP). This paper describes the approach taken by the authors and their colleagues to use RM-ODP to these issues in the ITU-T study groups, how those efforts were applied and the relevance of RM-ODP to current computing systems based on the concepts of Cloud Computing. This paper thus describes “real-world” business needs that have been addressed by and illustrate the benefits of RM-ODP.

In brief: IPv6 and distributed applications

At different rates in different parts of the world, the next-generation Internet protocol, IPv6, is inching its way toward adoption. Asian countries are moving fastest, at least partly because their need for IPv6's expanded address space is greatest, but efforts in the US and Europe also signal that the protocol's detractors haven't stopped its progress. IPv6 got a boost from the US government in June, when the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) announced (http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/memoranda/fy2005/m05-22. pdf) that all federal agency networks must be using it by June 2008. Such blanket directives, together with product development at industry and consumer levels, are giving a boost to the transition from the current Internet protocol, IPv4. Network equipment manufacturers, such as Cisco and Juniper, have included IPv6 capabilities in their products for years, and all major operating systems are implementing it. IPv6 proponents say that it will support a new world of distributed applications, and 2005 showed movement out of university and R&D testbeds into the marketplace. It's a matter of space.

New formulations and solution procedures for the hop constrained network design problem

Optical fiber provides tremendous advantages in being able to carry a wide range of services including video on demand, video conferencing, distance learning, remote medical imaging, and telecommuting. The high capacities encourage carriers to create networks that are substantially sparser than previous copper based networks. A recent publication by the Telecommunications Industry Association indicated that investment in fiber optics is projected to reach $35 billion in the year 2003. Given the magnitude of investments, the design of networks becomes a very important issue. Most telecommunication companies (telcos), IT consulting companies, network equipment manufacturers and network service providers have extensive network design groups. The primary function of these groups is to design the most efficient networks both in terms of costs and performance and maintain them. These designers need flexible tools to support topological network design decisions. These decisions involve significant levels of investments in transmissions and switching facilities, and impact the resulting networks’ performance fundamentally. In this paper we study a special type of a network design problem called the hop constrained backbone network design problem. We present new mathematical programming formulations of the problem and develop an efficient solution procedure based on the linear programming relaxation. Extensive computational results across a number of networks are reported.

Evolution on the network edge: intelligent devices

A network's edge is arguably one of its most important areas, because this is where it delivers services to network users-or, from the Internet service provider perspective, to subscribers. Devices at the network's edge classify, prioritize, and mark packets for the rest of the network to understand, and ultimately allow them into the network. Given modern networks' complex internetworking, it is not surprising that developing and maintaining edge devices are tasks that head the agendas of most of today's network equipment manufacturers, carriers, service providers, and network administrators. This article examines key elements of current network edge devices and the network topologies that work best with them. It also discusses Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS), a standardized solution that combines the performance and virtual circuit capabilities of data-link-layer switching with the proven scalability of network layer routing used by today's edge devices.

Problems in the information dissemination of the Internet routing

Internet routing is achieved by a set of nodes running distributed algorithms-routing protocols. However, many nodes are resistless to wrong messages or improper operations, unable to detect or correct them. Thus a wrong message or an improper operation can easily sweep almost the whole Internet. Such a fragile Internet routing comes from the features of these algorithms and protocols. Besides, the strategies taken by the network equipment manufacturers and administrators also are of important influence. When determining the options or selections in the implementation/operation, they always pay more attention to the expense of a single node or a single area and make some simplifications in implementations and configurations while caring less about the influence on the whole network. This paper tries to illustrate such a scheme is not reasonable at all and suggests the consideration from the view of the overall optimization. From three typical cases involved in the Internet routing, a general model is abstracted, which makes the results significative for more Internet related aspects. This paper evaluates the complexity of the theoretical analysis, then acquires the effect of error information on the whole network through the simulation on the Internet topology. It is shown that even very little error information can incur severe impact on the Internet. And it will take much more efforts of downstream nodes to make remedies. This result is intuitively revealed through the comparisons in the charts and the visual presentations. Then a hierarchical solution to establish the upgrade plan is given, which helps to upgrade the nodes of the network in a most efficient and economical way.

Q factor: the wrong answer for service providers and equipment manufacturers

This article discusses a particular alternative to the long-term BER test and is an attempt to stimulate debate about the value of this alternative method until an accurate universally acceptable option is developed. Understandably, telecommunications industry players want an acceptable method that can determine error ratios faster than the traditional BER test can. One alternative to emerge thus far is quality factor, or "Q factor," testing, which basically can be used to calculate the theoretical BER of a transmission system. This "quick and dirty" test in fact provides a small incremental benefit in that it saves time. However, some network operators and network equipment manufacturer (NEM) installers are discovering that Q factor, for a variety of technical reasons discussed, can be an inconclusive measurement of BER. Consequently, some who use Q factor testing may base their operational decisions and hence their competitive position in the market on misleading assumptions.