Neptunia Oleracea Lour Research Articles

Rice intercropping with water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) could alleviate the negative effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on rice and soil

Rice intercropping with water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) could alleviate the negative effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on rice and soil

Mix‐cropping of rice and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) increases rice photosynthetic efficiency, yield, grain quality and soil available nutrients

Cereal cultivation with legumes plays an important role in improving biodiversity and productivity. However, there are limited references concerning rice/legume mix-cropping in paddy fields. An aquatic leguminous plant, water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.), was introduced and a related field experiment of two seasons (early and late seasons in 2019) was carried out to explore the effects of rice/water mimosa mix-cropping on rice growth, yield, grain quality and soil nutrients in the present study. Three treatments - rice monocropping, rice/water mimosa intercropping and mix-cropping - were employed in this study. Results showed that rice grew better with greater height, tiller number, chlorophyll content, actual photosynthetic efficiency [Y(II)], maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv /Fm ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) in the intercropping and mix-cropping treatments. In addition, the intercropping and mix-cropping treatments increased nutrient uptake of nitrogen (N) by11.89-24.42%, phosphorous (P) by 17.75-36.61% and potassium (K) by 19.22-47.44%, and rice yield by 19.9% and 21.8%. Conversely, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ), chalkiness degree and chalky rate of rice were lower in the intercropping and mix-cropping treatments relative to those in the monocropping treatments. Notably, soil alkali-hydrolysable N (AN), available P (AP) and K (AK) contents were the highest in the mix-cropping treatments among the three cropping systems. We suggest that rice/water mimosa mix-cropping is an environmentally friendly agroecological system with a higher output and can be extended for green rice production and largely applied in the paddy field. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Intercropping of Rice and Water Mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.): A Novel Model to Control Pests and Diseases and Improve Yield and Grain Quality while Reducing N Fertilizer Application

Cereal/legume intercropping is an effective agricultural practice for pest and disease control and crop production. However, global research on rice and aquatic legume intercropping is relatively rare. A field experiment during two seasons (2018 late season and 2019 early season) was conducted to explore the effects of rice and water mimosa intercropping on rice canopy microclimate, pest and disease, yield, grain quality, and economic income. Two cultivation patterns including rice/water mimosa intercropping and rice monocropping were employed, and three nitrogen (N) fertilizer application levels, including zero N (ZN, 0 kg ha−1 N), reduced N (RN, 140 kg ha−1 N), and conventional N (CN, 180 kg ha−1 N) levels, were applied for the above two cultivation patterns. The results showed that rice/water mimosa intercropping formed a canopy microclimate of rice with higher temperature and lower relative humidity and dew point temperature. In addition, there was a significant reduction in the occurrences of rice leaf blast by 15.05%~35.49%, leaf folders by 25.32%~43.40%, and sheath blight by 16.35%~41.91% in the intercropping treatments. Moreover, rice/water mimosa intercropping increased rice per unit yield by 43.00%~53.10% in the late season of 2018 and 21.40%~26.18% in the early season of 2019. Furthermore, rice grain quality was totally improved, among which brown and head rice rates increased but rice chalky rate and chalkiness degree decreased in the intercropping system. We suggest that combining rice/water mimosa intercropping and N fertilizer reduction can be used as an environmentally friendly eco-farming technique because it can decrease N fertilizer application by approximately 40 kg·ha−1. This combination would not only mitigate nonpoint source pollution but also obtain advantages for controlling rice pests and diseases that would alleviate pesticide usage and improve rice yield and grain quality, which can be extended for green rice production to increase income for producers.

Rice intercropping with water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) can facilitate soil N utilization and alleviate apparent N loss

Legume/non-legume intercropping is a widely applied agricultural practice worldwide and is very important for the development of sustainable agriculture, especially for improving soil nitrogen (N) nutrients and reducing N application via biological N fixation by legumes. However, research on intercropping between rice and aquatic legumes has rarely been undertaken. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the apparent N balance in rice and water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) intercropping systems. Planting pattern treatments, including rice monocropping and rice/water mimosa intercropping, were employed in the paddy field, and three N fertilizer application levels, zero N (ZN, 0 kg ha−1 N), reduced N (RN, 140 kg ha−1 N), and conventional N (CN, 180 kg ha−1 N), were applied for the two planting patterns. The results showed that compared with rice monocropping, the growth indicators of rice were higher in the rice/water mimosa intercropping system. N fertilizer facilitated rice growth, and water mimosa grew better but reduced the partial factor productivity of rice. Notably, the biological N fixation efficiency of water mimosa was the highest in the reduced N treatment. In addition, the soil N nutrients in the rice/water mimosa intercropping treatments were higher than those in the rice monocropping treatments. In contrast, apparent N loss in the monocropping treatments was higher than that in the intercropping treatments, and it also increased with more N fertilizer applied. Thus, intercropping with water mimosa could promote rice growth, enhance N input, improve soil N nutrients, and reduce N loss. Furthermore, based on the performance of rice monocropping treatment under the conventional N level and rice/water mimosa intercropping treatment under the reduced N level on crop growth, N fixation, soil N nutrients, N mineralization and loss, we suggest thatrice/water mimosa intercropping with a reduced N application level is a much better choice. Taken together, rice/water mimosa intercropping is an environmentally friendly practice that could decrease N fertilizer application, and may alleviate nonpoint source pollution in paddy fields.

Potential of Neptunia Oleracea Lour. on Phytoremediation Coal Acid Mine Drainage

Environmental problems in coal mining activities include acid mine drainage (AMD). Efforts to overcome the impact of AMD waste can be done by means of phytoremediation. Neptunia oleracea Lour. is one type of aquatic plant that has the potential to adapt and accumulate heavy metals. So it is necessary to do research with the aim of knowing the potential of N. oleracea in AMD phytoremediation. The phytoremediation potential of N. oleracea used a completely randomized design (CRD): without AMD as control (0%), with AMD concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. The results showed that N. oleracea has the potential to increase pH by 0.0322/day and reduce Fe content by 0.4760 mg/l/day, Mn 0.5776 mg/l/day, sulfate 0.4809 mg/l/day and reduce TSS by 0.0818 mg/l/day, at 100% AMD concentration. It can be concluded that N. oleracea has potential as an AMD phytoremediation agent to be developed in system constructed wetlands (CWs).

Assessment of Water Mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour.) Morphological, Physiological, and Removal Efficiency for Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Polluted Water.

Arsenic is considered to be a toxic and heavy metal that exists in drinking water and can lead to acute biotoxicity. Water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea) has been widely identified as a feasible phytoremediator to clean up aquatic systems. In the current study, the phytoremediation potential of water mimosa exposed to different concentrations of sodium heptahydrate arsenate (Na2HAsO4·7H2O) was tested. A number of plant physiological and growth responses such as height of frond, existence of green leaves, relative growth rate, relative water content, tolerance index, decrease in ratio of biomass and ratio of dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, intercellular CO2 concentrations, stomatal conductance, air pressure deficit, transpiration rate, proline and lipid peroxidation, as well as arsenic accumulation and removal efficacy were analyzed. The micromorphological analysis results confirmed water mimosa’s tolerance of up to 30 ppm of arsenic treatment. The results obtained from the chlorophyll and gas exchange content also showed severe damage by arsenic at doses higher than 30 ppm. In addition, the highest arsenic accumulation and arsenic removal efficacy were observed at the range of 30–60 ppm. An analysis of proline and lipid peroxidation content confirmed water mimosa’s tolerance of up to 30 ppm of arsenic. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and analysis also confirmed the accumulation of arsenic as shown by the deformation of water mimosa tissues. The results showed that water mimosa is a reliable bioremediator for removing arsenic from aquatic systems.

Kemampuan Mimosa Air (Neptunia oleracea Lour) dalam Memperbaiki Kualitas Limbah Cair Pabrik Karet

Rubber factory liquid waste contains several components that have the potential as water pollutants including proteins, carotenoids, organic salts, non-coagulated latex (gum) some chemicals, ammonia compounds (NH4), nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and carbon (C). Water mimosa (Neptunia oleracea Lour) is a plant that used as phytoremediation to improve the quality of rubber factory liquid waste. The liquid waste of rubber factory is planted with water mimosa weighing 25 g, 50 g, 100 g and without plants (control) for 14 days. The results showed that N. oleracea 50 g biomass was the best treatment to improve the quality of rubber factory in DO, NH3, and N-total parameters. Keywords: Rubber factory liquid waste, phytoremediation, Neptunia oleracea LourDOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/envirotek.v11i1.1321

The Characteristics and Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria as Probiotics in Silage Made from Hymenachne acutigluma and Neptunia oleracea lour

This study aims to determine the characteristics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from the silage made from Hymenachne acutigluma and Neptunia oleracea Lour to be used as probiotics. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), which consists of 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of P1 (silage made from Hymenachne acutigluma), P2 (silage made from 50% of Hymenachne acutigluma and 50% of Neptunia oleracea lour), and P3 (silage made from Neptunia oleracea lour). The variables measured were LAB characteristics including shape, gram staining, catalase, endospore, motility, growth at different temperatures, TSIA, MR, VP, and identification using API Kit. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that there were 9 selected isolates. All isolates are rod-shaped, gram-positive, catalase, endospore, and negative motility, growth at 15 °C negative and at 45 °C positive. TSIA slant and butt test show yellow and negative colors on gas and H2S production, while MR-VP is red and yellow. The conclusions of this study were all isolates belonging to the Lactobacillus plantarum strain with a similarity level of 87.3-99.9 %.

Production and Composition of Extracellular Polysaccharide Synthesized by Rhizobium undicola Isolated from Aquatic Legume, Neptunia oleracea Lour.

Symbiont isolated from root nodules of Neptunia oleracea, an aquatic legume, designated as N37. It was identified as a Rhizobium undicola based on phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic approach and whole genome relatedness. The R. undicola strain N37 was able to produce a large amount of extracellular polysaccharide in yeast extract mannitol medium. The growth and extracellular polysaccharide production started simultaneously and both had same stationary phases. Attempts were made to optimize the cultural requirements for maximum growth and extracellular polysaccharide production. The production increased enormously (515 µg/ml) with supplementation of preferred carbon, nitrogen and vitamin sources. Gas chromatographic analysis of extracellular polysaccharide isolated from R. undicola strain N37 revealed the presence of galactose (94.17 %) as predominant monomers together with very small amount of mannose (5.83 %). Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy of extracellular polysaccharide indicated the presence of hydroxyl, methyl and carboxylate groups. The possible role of extracellular polysaccharide production on symbiosis was briefly discussed.

Temperature-regulated seed germination in Neptunia oleracea Lour. and its ecological significance

Germination of seeds of Neptunia oleracea Lour. was 100% after two cycles of alternately high and low temperature (60°C for 8 h and 20°C for 16 h, respectively) in submerged conditions. Only 77.5% germination was recorded in moist conditions following dry storage of seeds at 80°C for six days. Alternating temperatures, comparable to those in the experimental treatments, appertain in the Ghana Bird Sanctuary, Bharatpur (India), an area in which N. oleracea is abundant.