Neogene Stratigraphy Research Articles

New insights into the stratigraphic evolution of SW Britain: implications for Triassic salt and hydrocarbon prospectivity

The discovery of Wytch Farm field in the Wessex Basin, and Kinsale Head field in the North Celtic Sea Basin in the early 1970s, led to exploration interest offshore in the Western Approaches Trough. Despite this activity, little evidence for prospective hydrocarbon resources has been found. To better understand the failures and analyse remaining hydrocarbon potential in this region, we make use of a large collection of new seismic reflection and well data to map Carboniferous to Neogene stratigraphy. The improved seismic imaging has allowed a better interpretation of the hitherto poorly understood, salt-related structures in the South Melville and the Plymouth Bay basins. The implications of the new interpretations for Carnian (Late Triassic), and Carboniferous stratigraphic and geodynamic evolution are assessed and contextualised with regional salt deposition in the Wessex, Bristol, and South Celtic Sea basins. From a petroleum system perspective, the Lias and Carboniferous source rocks are evaluated and modelled to analyse the maturity and evolution of the petroleum systems. We conclude that the Lias is an ineffective petroleum system due to timing and source maturation risk. However, the Triassic salt and associated subcropping faults have produced several possible pre-salt hydrocarbon traps. The traps may be charged from sporadic Mid-Late Carboniferous coal-bearing post-orogenic basins, a petroleum system previously overlooked. Thematic collection: This article is part of the New learning from exploration and development in the UKCS Atlantic Margin collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/new-learning-from-exploration-and-development-in-the-ukcs-atlantic-margin Supplementary material: Appendix showing seismic, well data and petroleum systems boundary conditions. Burial history plots of the petroleum systems modelling scenarios used to generate source rock transformation ratio plots shown in Figures 9 & 10 are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6486999

The Celebes Molasse: A revised Neogene stratigraphy for Sulawesi, Indonesia

• Review of Neogene stratigraphy of Sulawesi based on new field and laboratory work. • Celebes Molasse includes sediments of different age and depositional environment. • Early Miocene unconformity marks collision of the Sula Spur microcontinent. • Younger unconformities not related to collisions but due to extension. • Extension mainly resulted from subduction rollback. Over the past century, a wide variety of poorly dated sediments that unconformably overlie pre-Neogene rocks in Sulawesi have been assigned to the Celebes Molasse and interpreted as post-orogenic rocks deposited after a major collision. New data from fieldwork and laboratory studies, including mineralogical, palaeontological and zircon geochronological analyses, provide the basis for a new Neogene stratigraphy and show that sediments assigned to the Celebes Molasse have significant variations in age, environment of deposition, composition and sedimentation history. Identified unconformities in the (1) Early Miocene (c. 23 Ma), (2) Middle Miocene (c. 15 Ma), (3) Mio-Pliocene (c. 6–5.3 Ma), and (4 and 5) Pleistocene (c. 1.8 and 0.1 Ma) separate Lower Miocene, Middle to Upper Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene mega-sequences. These mega-sequences resulted from Early Miocene collision followed by extension, driven by subduction rollback, causing both uplift and subsidence, in contrast to previous interpretations of multiple collisions.

Lateral, longitudinal, and temporal variation in trench-slope basin fill: examples from the Neogene Akitio sub-basin, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand

ABSTRACT The fill of trench-slope basins is complex, varying temporally, laterally, and longitudinally. New data from the Neogene stratigraphy of the Akitio Sub-basin, Wairarapa, are presented to investigate such fill variation. The preserved basin fill spans an area 70 km long by 10 km wide, representing deposits from a trench-slope basin. Integration of sedimentological, micropalaeoentological, and geological mapping data charts basin fill evolution. Over 15 km of strata were logged, defining 17 lithofacies associations, which were mapped across the basin; these are interpreted to represent both shallow and deep-water environments. The deep-water strata show a temporal evolution from ponded turbidite deposition, to a period of basin spill via conduits connecting to downstream basins, development of aggradational channel-levees, and finally unconfined submarine fan deposition. Shallow marine deposits mostly developed on the up-dip basin margin occur contemporaneously with basinal mass-transport deposits, and in association with the growth of basin bounding structural ridges. Comparison with the evolution of the offshore, actively filling Akitio Trough highlights controls on trench-slope basin fill: a first-order influence of external controls, e.g. tectonism to create the basin; a second-order progression from under- to overfilled; and third-order lateral variation reflecting autogenic process and the effects of local structures on seafloor gradients. These factors combine to vary sedimentation in trench-slope-basins spatially and temporally.

An introduction to the Neogene stratigraphy of northern Belgium: present status

This Neogene-2020 volume presents elaborate reviews of our current understanding of Miocene and Pliocene deposits in Northern Belgium supported by new data. The review includes the latest research results notably from important field studies. This review volume should allow future progress in stratigraphic and palaeogeographic correlations of the Belgian Neogene with that of neighbouring countries. For this occasion, the Neogene databases of the Geological Survey of Belgium (GSB) and of the Flemish Community Databank Ondergrond Vlaanderen (DOV) are updated. Hence, reference to boreholes in these databases is made by their GSB and DOV code between brackets at the first mention of a borehole name in each paper. The IUGS definition is followed for the Neogene as the System/Period containing Miocene and Pliocene Series/Epochs having its upper boundary with the overlying Quaternary System/Period between the Piazencian and Gelasian Stages/Ages at 2.58 Ma (ICS chart, 2020). Historical developments in the understanding the Neogene of northern Belgium The present volume is intended as a step in the sequence of research efforts on Neogene deposits in northern Belgium that took off already at the end of the 19th century and resulted in a set of good quality geological maps. On these 1:40 000 geological maps made at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Miocene and the Pliocene deposits were identified and classified as ‘Poederlien’, ‘Scaldisien’, ‘Diestien’ and ‘Boldérien’ stages

A hundred years of Milutin Milankovic's climate change theory-geological implications

Milankovic?s cycles theory published hundred years ago is the most important theory in climate science and had great influence on Earth disciplines. Nevertheless, his work waited for more than fifty years for confirmation. It could be said that Milankovic?s work had most influence in creation of Astronomic Time Scale, supporting of continental drift hypothesis and palaeoclimatology implications. Positive results of the implementation of the astronomic time scale to the Neogene stratigraphy initiated the application of this method within the Mesozoic, and lately also to the Paleozoic sediments. Milankovic?s manuscript of astronomical forcing of climate changes led to fruitful cooperation with Alfred Wegener who was searching for additional arguments to validate his continental drift hypothesis. The factors that cause climate changes enable insight to the geological past, but also the possibility to model the climate conditions which await us in the future. Climate change prediction allowed people, as only being aware of its influence, to act preventively and take all measurements needed to reduce greenhouse gasses emission.

Reply to Discussion: Hennig-Breitfeld, J., H.T. Breitfeld, R. Hall, M. BouDagher-Fadel, and M. Thirlwall. 2019. A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin. Earth-Science Reviews 190, 1–32

Reply to Discussion: Hennig-Breitfeld, J., H.T. Breitfeld, R. Hall, M. BouDagher-Fadel, and M. Thirlwall. 2019. A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin. Earth-Science Reviews 190, 1–32

Discussion on: A new upper Paleogene to Neogene stratigraphy for Sarawak and Labuan in northwestern Borneo: Paleogeography of the eastern Sundaland margin

Important new work is presented by the authors on radiometrically dating the Bukit Piring intrusion and associated Arip Volcanics, as well as confirmation that widespread outcrops of Oligocene and Miocene clastic formations share a common sediment provenance. This valuable contribution is weakened by a poorly researched stratigraphic model that conflicts with much published work. The importance of good micropalaeontology is stressed in this review as without this tool the essential dimension of time is lost, and facies determinations are less reliable. These inputs are two of the three two components, along with space, that make stratigraphy a testable science under Walther’s Law.

Geometry and slip rates of active blind thrusts in a reactivated back-arc rift using shallow seismic imaging: Toyama basin, central Japan

Active blind thrust faults, which can be a major seismic hazard in urbanized areas, are commonly difficult to image with seismic reflection surveys. To address these challenges in coastal plains, we collected about 8km-long onshore high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) seismic reflection data using a dense array of 800 geophones across compressionally reactivated normal faults within a failed rift system located along the southwestern extension of the Toyama trough in the Sea of Japan. The processing of the seismic reflection data illuminated their detailed subsurface structures to depths of about 3km. The interpreted depth-converted section, correlated with nearby Neogene stratigraphy, indicated the presence of and along-strike variation of previously unrecognized complex thrust-related structures composed of active fault-bend folds coupled with pairs of flexural slip faults within the forelimb and newly identified frontal active blind thrusts beneath the alluvial plain. In addition, growth strata and fold scarps that deform lower to upper Pleistocene units record the recent history of their structural growth and fault activity. This case shows that shallow seismic reflection imaging with densely spaced seismic recorders is a useful tool in defining locations, recent fault activity, and complex geometry of otherwise inaccessible active blind thrust faults.

北海道北部,日本海沿岸地域の新第三系( 日本海沿岸新期新生代層の層序と古地理-地団研第37回総会学術シンポジウム(層序・古地理分野)-)

北海道北部,日本海沿岸地域の新第三系( 日本海沿岸新期新生代層の層序と古地理-地団研第37回総会学術シンポジウム(層序・古地理分野)-)

Miocene to Quaternary tectonostratigraphic evolution of the middle section of the Burdur-Fethiye Shear Zone, south-western Turkey: Implications for the wide inter-plate shear zones

The Burdur-Fethiye Shear Zone (BFSZ) is a 75- to 90- km wide and 300-km-long transtensional left-lateral shear zone which is located in one of the most tectonically active regions in south-western Turkey. A considerable number of studies suggested contradictory models of the evolution and Neogene stratigraphy of the BFSZ and in most cases, the local river and alluvial fan deposits were mapped together with the lacustrine sediments and assigned a Pliocene age. We present new field data, fault kinematic analyses, and DEM and earthquake data to characterize the tectonic controls and extent of the middle section of the BFSZ including Acıpayam, Çameli and Gölhisar basins. Our field observations revealed two distinct sedimentary sequences that unconformably overlie the pre-Neogene basement. The first sequence begins with middle-upper Miocene meandering- and braided-river sediments of the Gölhisar Formation, which transition upward into lacustrine sediments of the upper Miocene-lower Pliocene İbecik Formation. This sequence is overlain by upper Pliocene-lower Quaternary alluvial fan conglomerates, mudstones and claystones of the Dirmil Formation. The basin deposits located in the middle section of the BFSZ consist of lacustrine sediments of a late Miocene lake that likely evaporated due to the Messinian salinity crisis. Fault kinematic analysis and DEM and earthquake data indicate that the middle BFSZ can be characterized as a heterogeneous left-lateral transtensional shear zone rather than a major fault system. Our findings suggest that the middle section of the BFSZ developed under the influence of progressive counter clockwise rotation of south-western Turkey, the Aegean graben system and the Cyprus and Hellenic arcs since the middle Miocene.

Problems of Paleogene–Neogene stratigraphy of the Zerkal’naya depression, East Sikhote Alin

The Paleogene–Neogene stratigraphic scale of the Zerkal’naya River basin is modified with account for new isotopic and paleobotanical data. It is established that the Tadushi Formation and underlying volcanics, which were previously considered as representing transitional Cretaceous–Paleocene strata, are separated in the section of the Ustinovka quarry by a significant stratigraphic hiatus. According to the new data, the volcanics and the Tadushi Formation are established as Campanian and Late Paleocene in age, respectively. The Bogopol Formation in the type section is dated back to the Middle–Late Paleocene. The Svetlyi Formation is now considered to be Early Eocene in age, rather than Late Eocene–Oligocene as previously thought. A new variant of the stratigraphic scale is proposed for the Paleogene–Neogene deposits of the Zerkal’naya depression.

Cenozoic chronostratigraphic terminology: In defense of formal subseries

Ever since the series and corresponding epochs of the Cenozoic began to be defined over 180 years ago, the Earth science community has recognized bi- and tripartite lower/early, middle, and upper/late divisions of these units. As chronostratigraphy became more precise, these divisions assumed an essential role in the integration of the continuous deep-sea successions where the tools for worldwide correlation were developed, and the historic but disjunct sequences on land in which the stages/ages of the time scale were defined. Rather than being discarded as too vague, the essential value of these subdivisions has been tacitly recognized by describing them in terms of the newly recognized global stages, allowing their boundaries to be identified by the GSSPs (Global Stratotype Section and Point) of the lowest component stage. In this way, and without noticeable controversy, the modern Cenozoic literature treats the lower, middle and upper divisions of its series as elements within the chronostratigraphic hierarchy, i.e., as de facto subseries. Their status in the hierarchy has nonetheless been questioned recently by several members of the ICS (International Commission of Stratigraphy) Bureau on the basis that subseries, as such, have not been explicitly defined by ratified GSSPs. Accordingly, this rank has been omitted from versions of the ICC (International Chronostratigraphic Chart), a product of the ICS. Such omission fails to consider that subseries (and by inference subepochs) are valuable in circumstances where individual stages are inappropriate or often not applicable, e.g., in such disciplines as seismic stratigraphy and climatostratigraphy. The status of subseries in the Cenozoic Erathem is presently under discussion, and there exists within the Subcommissions on Paleogene and Neogene Stratigraphy of the ICS the view that such divisions should have informal status (i.e., non IUGS-ratified subseries/subepochs). This would seemingly contradict the primary goal of the ICS, which since 1986 has focused on establishing a functional common language for all whoworkwith geological time, by making the widely used concepts of subseries and subepochs open to misunderstanding. It also begs the question, as to why should something that consists of GSSP-defined units, and which is in turn a component of higher units in the chronostratigraphic hierarchy, not be considered a formal chronostratigraphic unit in its own right? The reality is that whether formal or informal, the subseries/subepochs of the Cenozoic will continue to be broadly used. Therefore, the interest of the ICS and the Earth science community is best served by formally recognizing them in the ICC hierarchy. This will clarify the problem of inconsistent capitalization of the terms lower, early, middle, upper and late where these are in fact part of a formal unit name and not just a modifier for an indefinite interval, and it will satisfy the broad consensus of the profession, as evidenced during a recent open meeting of the ICS during the 2nd International Congress on Stratigraphy in Graz in 2015.

Preface: La Guajira, Colombia: a new window into the Cenozoic neotropical biodiversity and the Great American Biotic Interchange

Over the past four years, we have conducted extensive fieldwork in the Cocinetas Basin of La Guajira Peninsula, including geological mapping, stratigraphic descriptions, and exhaustive paleontological collection of plants, microfossils, and marine and terrestrial invertebrates and vertebrates. Moreno et al. (Swiss J Paleontol 134: 1–39, 2015) provide an overview of these efforts, including a revised Neogene stratigraphy for Cocinetas Basin and redefined (Jimol and Castilletes formations) and newly named (Ware Formation) lithostratigraphic units. Hendy et al. (Swiss J Paleontol 134, 2015) utilize the extensive invertebrate fossil record of the basin to develop paleoenvironmental interpretations and a chronostratigraphic framework buttressed by 87Sr/86Sr isotopic analyses and biostratigraphy. This geological exploration highlights the tremendously diverse and important fossil assemblages throughout the Jimol, Castilletes and Ware formations. These new fossil data will be of great value for future paleobiogeographic, paleogeographic, paleooceanographic and paleoenvironmental interpretations. Already, the faunal and floral fossil record of Cocinetas Basin indicates that once the humid ecosystem of the Neogene underwent drastic climatic changes over the last two million years.

Researches on Sequences Stratigraphy of Neogene in Huanghekou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China

The Huanghekou Sag, as an important oil-bearing zone, is located in the southeastern part of the Bohai Bay basin. It has higher values for petroleum exploration-especially in Neogene. The Neogene was a depressional lacustrine period and was characterized with both tectonically stable and gentle topography. Thus it is difficult to identify and subdivide sequences using the traditional method. Based on the practical geologic setting and current data of the Neogene of Huanghekou Sag, using the new method to set up the isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework. By analyzing climate cycle, drilling well and logging cycle, seismic cycle and the identification of unconformity of seismic and drilling well and logging data, the Neogene was divided into 5 third-order sequences and 10 systems tracts. In different sequence sets and systems tract, which was controlled by climate, ratio rate between sedimentary being supplied and accommodated, the sand body scale was different.

Reprint of: Late Neogene climate and glacial history of the Southern Victoria Land coast from integrated drill core, seismic and outcrop data

Late Neogene stratigraphy of southern Victoria Land Basin is revealed in coastal and offshore drill cores and a network of seismic data in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These data preserve a record of ice sheet response to global climate variability and progressive cooling through the past 5millionyears. Application of a composite standard age model for diatom event stratigraphy to the McMurdo Sound drill cores provides an internally precise mechanism to correlate stratigraphic data and derive an event history for the basin. These marine records are indirectly compared to data obtained from geological outcrop in the Transantarctic Mountains to produce an integrated history of Antarctic Ice Sheet response to climate variability from the early Pliocene to Recent. Four distinct chronostratigraphic intervals reflect stages and steps in a transition from a relatively warm early Pliocene Antarctic coastal climate to modern cold polar conditions. Several of these stages and steps correlate with global events identified via geochemical proxy data recovered from deep ocean cores in mid to low latitudes. These correlations allow us to consider linkages between the high southern latitudes and tropical regions and establish a temporal framework to examine leads and lags in the climate system through the late Neogene and Quaternary. The relative influence of climate–tectonic feedbacks is discussed in light of glacial erosion and isostatic rebound that also influence the history along the Southern Victoria Land coastal margin.

Late Neogene climate and glacial history of the Southern Victoria Land coast from integrated drill core, seismic and outcrop data

Late Neogene stratigraphy of southern Victoria Land Basin is revealed in coastal and offshore drill cores and a network of seismic data in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These data preserve a record of ice sheet response to global climate variability and progressive cooling through the past 5 million years. Application of a composite standard age model for diatom event stratigraphy to the McMurdo Sound drill cores provides an internally precise mechanism to correlate stratigraphic data and derive an event history for the basin. These marine records are indirectly compared to data obtained from geological outcrop in the Transantarctic Mountains to produce an integrated history of Antarctic Ice Sheet response to climate variability from the early Pliocene to Recent. Four distinct chronostratigraphic intervals reflect stages and steps in a transition from a relatively warm early Pliocene Antarctic coastal climate to modern cold polar conditions. Several of these stages and steps correlate with global events identified via geochemical proxy data recovered from deep ocean cores in mid to low latitudes. These correlations allow us to consider linkages between the high southern latitudes and tropical regions and establish a temporal framework to examine leads and lags in the climate system through the late Neogene and Quaternary. The relative influence of climate–tectonic feedbacks is discussed in light of glacial erosion and isostatic rebound that also influence the history along the Southern Victoria Land coastal margin.

Paleogene and Neogene stratigraphy and paleotemperature trend of West Siberia ( from palynologic data)

The paper discusses the Paleogene and Neogene stratigraphy of Siberia and estimates the paleotemperature and precipitation trends. The paleotemperatures were estimated on the basis of climatograms (V.P. Grichuk) and the analysis of temperatures in the ranges of the main plant genera. The Paleogene and Neogene temperatures were always high (at least 0° C). The average annual temperatures varied from +20 to +10 – +5 ºC, the winter temperature being from +10 to +5 – +3 °C. The precipitation varied from 1400–1000 mm/yr in the Paleocene and Eocene to 800–500 mm/yr in the Oligocene and 250–100 mm/yr in the Late Miocene. The climate cooled in the Late Eocene–Early Oligocene, Late Oligocene–Early Miocene, and Early Pliocene. Three stages of arid climate have been distinguished: one in the Late Miocene (7–5.5 Ma) and two in the Early Pliocene (Cherlak and Bitekei time). In the Late Pliocene (2.6 Ma, Kulunda Horizon), the cooling was slight. It gave rise to vegetation zones, which were distributed similarly to the present-day ones. The arctic flora migrated to the southern West Siberian Plain at 1.65–1.8 Ma (Ubinskoe–Erestnaya time), when the climate was close to a glacial one.

Discussion of “The bioeroded megasurface of Oura (Algarve, south Portugal): implications for the Neogene stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southwest Iberia” by Cachão et al. (Facies 55(2): 213–225, DOI 10.1007/s10347-008-0172-2)

With reference to the above cited paper, we were surprised to see that the authors present four isotopic ages obtained in diVerent localities from that of the Wgured section (Oura Neogene section, Fig. 2) and use them to support very speculative (and most likely erroneous) conclusions. None of the four numerical dates presented were obtained from the Oura section. Instead, they derive from diVerent outcrops and diVerent sections, with no direct correlations. In addition, no reference to isotopic dates from the Oura section published in Pais et al. (2000) was made despite the paper was cited by Cachao et al. (2009). Also, some paleontological and biostratigraphic data (Antunes et al. 1981) concerning the Oura section are not discussed. The Oura Neogene section coordinates (Google) are 37°05 02 /8°13 50 . In fact, the numerical dates of 8.15 Ma (§0.29) and 7.15 Ma (§0.27) presented in the lower part of bed 3 (Fig. 2; Cachao et al. 2009) were obtained by Boski et al. (1995) in glauconitic sediments from the Gale/Castelo region, at a location with coordinates 37°04 25 /8°17 50 (Fig. 1). We obtained another date of 10.1 Ma (§0.25 Ma), in the same Gale/Castelo region, from a locality with coordinates 37°04 51 /8°18 58 , which is not referred to by Cachao et al. The isotopic age 3.0 (+2.5/i1.0) Ma presented from the upper part (bed 8) of the Wgured succession (Oura Neogene section, Fig. 2) was obtained by us in a diVerent section named “Olhos de Agua”, with coordinates 37°05 27 / 8°10 40 , in a mollusc-rich bed, intercalated with whitish, and thin Xuvial sandstones (Fig. 2; Legoinha (2001), p. 178, Wg. 64). Although the description presented by Cachao et al. for bed 8 (Oura Neogene section, Fig. 2) may correspond with that of the original level dated in the Olhos de Agua section, it does not bear much similarity to the observed lithology of bed 8, in the Oura section, which is a conglomerate containing quartz and highly abraded oyster clasts. We also studied and logged the “Oura Neogene Section”, but under the name Auramar (“Corte de Auramar”) (Antunes et al. 1981; Pais 1982; Legoinha 2001). A correspondence between our description and measured section (see Legoinha 2001, p. 177, Wg. 63) and the graphic columnar section of Cachao et al. (2009) can easily be established. Notice that in bed 3 (where they place the age from Boski et al. 1995) we have obtained an isotopic age of 9.5 (+1.0/i0.5) Ma (which was also referred to in Pais et al. 2000, in the table of isotopic age data). Furthermore, we have obtained an isotopic age of 8.3 (+2.2/i3.3) Ma, for bed 6 of Cachao et al. (2009), which they do not make reference to. Notice again that in bed 12 of our section (coarse conglomerate with large oysters), which corresponds to bed 8 of Cachao et al. (2009), they erroneously put the age that we obtained in the Olhos de Agua section. On the other hand, in the “Oura Neogene section”, we have not obtained any numerical dates for the Lagos Biocalcarenite (Lagos Portimao Formation). However, Cachao et al. indicate 11.3 Ma (+0.9/i1.3), which was obtained by us at an outcrop (some 7 km westward) at Gale Beach. We should note that in the Olhos de Agua section, which is nearer to the Oura section (some 3 km eastward), we obtained an isotopic age of 14.4 Ma (+0.5/i0.6) for the top of the Lagos Biocalcarenite (Lagos Portimao Formation) J. Pais (&) · P. Legoinha CICEGe, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal e-mail: jjp@fct.unl.pt

The bioeroded megasurface of Oura (Algarve, south Portugal): implications for Neogene stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southwest Iberia: reply to Pais and Legoinha (DOI 10.1007/s10347-011-0268-y)

The bioeroded megasurface of Oura (Algarve, south Portugal): implications for Neogene stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southwest Iberia: reply to Pais and Legoinha (DOI 10.1007/s10347-011-0268-y)

Corrigendum to “High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the late Neogene of the central sector of the Colombian Pacific continental shelf: A seismic expression of an active continental margin” [J. S. Am. Earth. Sci. Volume 31 (2011) p. 28–44

Corrigendum to “High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of the late Neogene of the central sector of the Colombian Pacific continental shelf: A seismic expression of an active continental margin” [J. S. Am. Earth. Sci. Volume 31 (2011) p. 28–44