Neodymium Doping Research Articles

Enhanced efficiency of the electrode by doping of neodymium on SmFeO3 for the application of supercapacitor

In response to growing demand for the renewable energy generating and storage systems, scientists are trying to synthesized electrode material with exceptional performance. Their primary objective was to develop portable intelligent technology gadgets that could guarantee global energy security. In the reported article, the SmFeO3 with Nd-doped material was manufactured by cost-effective hydrothermal method for the application of a supercapacitor. The results demonstrate that the existence of larger surface area improves electrical conduction and improves the electrons and ions pathway, resulting in a rapid charge storage device and greatly enhancing the electrical performance. The pristine SmFeO3 electrode achieved capacitance of 746.3 F g−1, and the Nd-doped SmFeO3 electrode achieved a heightened capacitance of 1455.9 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Further, the pristine SmFeO3 electrode demonstrated low cyclic retention after the 5000th charging/discharging cycles, while the Nd-doped SmFeO3 electrode demonstrated significant cyclic retention. In addition, the material fabricated attained a significant capacitance of 923.9 F g−1 at 10 mV s−1 during cyclic voltammetry measurements. The exceptional performance of dopant materials suggests their promising conductivity and quick electron/ion transport factors in its exceptional performance made it an excellent electrode for energy storage devices as well as suitability for future-generation energy conversion by surpassing the reliance on perovskite-type structural materials.

High-Performance Low-Iridium Catalyst for Water Oxidation: Breaking Long-Ranged Order of IrO2 by Neodymium Doping.

Exploring efficacious low-Irelectrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is crucial for large-scale application of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE). Herein, an efficient non-precious lanthanide-metal-doped IrO2 electrocatalyst is presented for OER catalysis by doping large-ionic-radius Nd into IrO2 crystal. The doped Nd breaks the long-ranged order structure by triggering the strain effect and thus inducing an atomic rearrangement of Nd─IrO2 involving the forming of Nd─O─Ir bonds along with an increased amount of oxygen vacancies (Ov), giving rise of a long-ranged disorder but a short-ranged order structure. The formed Nd─O─Ir bonds tailor the electronic structure of Ir, leading to a lowered d-band center that weakens intermediates absorption on Ir sites. Moreover, doping Nd triggers Nd─IrO2 to catalyze OER mainly through lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) by activating lattice oxygen owing to abundant Ov. The optimal catalyst only requires a relatively low overpotential of 263 mV@10mA cm-2 with a high mass activity of 216.98 A gIr -1 (at 1.53V) (eightfold of commercial IrO2), and also shows a superior durability at 50mA cm-2 (20h) than commercial IrO2 (3h) due to the oxidation-suppressing effect induced by Nd doping. This work offers insights into designing high-performance low-Ir electrocatalysts for PEMWE application.

Efficient and stability electrochemical degradation of Bisphenol A on Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2-Nd anode: Mechanistic analysis

The Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2-Nd electrodes were fabricated using anodic oxidation and electrodeposition techniques for the electrocatalytic treatment of bisphenol A (BPA) pollutants in coking wastewater. Characterization revealed well-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TiO2-NTA) with a hollow structure, featuring a wall thickness of 36 nm and an inner diameter of approximately 83 nm. The TiO2-NTA interlayer restricted PbO2 growth, leading to a compact crystal structure and increased electrode surface area. Electrochemical tests showed that the Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2-Nd electrode outperformed Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2 and Ti/PbO2 electrodes, exhibiting the highest oxygen evolution potential, lowest charge transfer resistance, optimal hydroxyl radical generation, and longest service lifetime. The removal efficiencies for BPA were 95.4 % for Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2-Nd, 90.8 % for Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2, and 80.6 % for Ti/PbO2. The Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2-Nd electrode also achieved the lowest energy consumption at 0.157 kWh/(g·COD), a 40 % reduction compared to Ti/PbO2. The introduction of TiO2-NTA enhanced electrode stability, electron transfer, and surface area, while neodymium (Nd) doping improved oxygen evolution potential and hydroxyl radical production. Under optimized conditions, the Ti/TiO2-NTA/PbO2-Nd electrode achieved BPA removal efficiencies of 99.24 %, COD removal efficiencies of 82.77 %, and TOC removal efficiencies of 78.92 %. UV–Vis spectrophotometry, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra (3D EEM), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses revealed potential BPA degradation pathways.

Characterization Study of Neodymium Doped Tin Oxide Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Characterization Study of Neodymium Doped Tin Oxide Films for Optoelectronic Applications

Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance of FeAl2O4 Nanoparticles with Neodymium (Nd) Doping by Sonication Method

Enhanced Supercapacitive Performance of FeAl2O4 Nanoparticles with Neodymium (Nd) Doping by Sonication Method

Effect of neodymium ions on the photosensitivity of photo-thermo-refractive glass

Neodymium doping of photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass leads to a fast non-radiative depopulation of excited states of cerium ions, which are responsible for the glass photosensitivity. The non-radiative energy transfer from cerium to neodymium ions results in a decrease in the efficiency of photoelectron generation under UV irradiation. Emission spectra and fluorescence decay curves of cerium ions under UV excitation were investigated. Absorption spectra of the glasses were obtained as well to distinguish the reabsorption processes and the non-radiative energy transfer mechanisms. It was found that as Nd2O3 concentration increases from 0 to 2 mol%, cerium ions average lifetime decreases from 44.5 to 28 ns, while the energy transfer efficiency reaches 37 %. It was also found that Förster resonance energy transfer may compete with other relaxation mechanisms and the Förster distance for the Ce3+-Nd3+ pair in PTR glass is ∼0.33 nm. This study has important implications for future research; it informs future studies on optimizing the photosensitivity of the PTR glass and choosing rare-earth activators.

The effect of cerium, neodymium, and ytterbium doping on UO2 dissolution

The dissolution rate of spent nuclear fuel under environmental conditions has been studied heavily to understand the impacts of a failed waste package on potential radionuclide release from a geologic repository. Multiple countries have evaluated these scenarios in oxidizing and reducing environments respective to their relevant repository conditions. The repository environment (e.g., water chemistry, temperature, oxygen content) and the fuel itself (i.e., chemical composition of the fuel) both heavily impact the dissolution rate of the spent fuel. This work examined the impact that rare earth element dopants (Ce, Nd, Yb) have on the fuel dissolution under repository relevant conditions with decreasing oxidizing conditions using a single pass flowthrough system. UO2 samples were doped with Ce, Nd, or Yb with concentrations between 1 and 5 at%. The addition of dopants to the samples reduced the dissolution rates on most samples relative to pure UO2 samples. Preliminary experiments that occurred in a less oxidizing environment showed a reduction in dissolution rate compared to fully oxidizing conditions. The results within highlight the importance of dopant behavior in used fuel dissolution modeling.

Assessment of the Thermal Shock Resistance of Neodymium Doped Alumino-Phosphate Laser Glasses

Assessment of the Thermal Shock Resistance of Neodymium Doped Alumino-Phosphate Laser Glasses

Investigations on electric properties and domain structures of Nd-doped 0.70Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.30PbTiO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with high piezoelectric properties

Although rare earth neodymium (Nd) doping is common in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) single crystals, it is rarely reported in PMN–PT ceramics. To explore the effect of Nd doping on PMN–PT ceramics, PMN–30PT:xNd3+ (x = 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) relaxor ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated using a solid-state method via two-step sintering. An enhanced piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33) of ~870 pC/N and a high piezoelectric strain coefficient (d33⁎) of ~1025 pm/V were achieved for x = 2%. Through Rayleigh analysis of polarization–electric field (P–E) hysteresis loops under small electric fields, it was found that the dielectric property was mainly influenced by the intrinsic contribution (local lattice distortion). Furthermore, by investigating domain configurations, high piezoelectric properties were found to be associated with the domain size reduction and local structural heterogeneity. The results indicate that the PMN–30PT:xNd3+ ceramics is a promising material for electronic devices, and that rare earth Nd doping is an efficient strategy for improving the electronic performance of Pb-based relaxor ferroelectrics.

Neodymium-Doped Gadolinium Compounds as Infrared Emitters for Multimodal Imaging.

This study aims to investigate the optical properties of multiple neodymium-doped gadolinium compounds as a means to examine their eligibility as optical probes for fluorescence imaging. GdVO4, GdPO4, GdAlO3, Gd2SiO5 and Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) samples were synthesized through solid-state reactions with varying neodymium doping levels to compare their optical properties in great detail. The optimal doping concentration was generally found to be approximately 2%. Furthermore, the luminescence lifetime, which is a valuable parameter for time-gated imaging, was determined to range from 276 down to 14 µs for the highest doping concentrations, resulting from energy transfer and migration assisted decay.

Effect of neodymium doping on structural, optical, and dielectric properties of Ni ferrites synthesized by citrate gel auto-combustion method

Effect of neodymium doping on structural, optical, and dielectric properties of Ni ferrites synthesized by citrate gel auto-combustion method

Tailoring of electrochemical properties on Nd-doped Ni3S2 electrode via doping strategy for supercapacitor application

Supercapacitor technology is a promising development in energy storage devices. Despite its potential as an anode material, nickel sulfhide (Ni3S2) utilization for practical application in energy storage devices is limited owing to its weak conductivity. Subsequently, it can be improved in the alteration of electronic properties by the introduction of impurities and surface defects. In this work, sulphur vacancy was created in hydrothermally synthesized nickel sulphide by inserting neodymium ions. The synergetic action of the dopant and produced sulphur vacancy have an effect on the electronic properties. The electrocatalytic behavior of the fabricated materials was also enhanced by adding polyethylene glycol, which was used as a reducing agent to promote the formation of sulphur vacancy. Examine the impact of neodymium doping concentration in nickel sulphide on the enhanced electrical structure of nickel sulphide by comparing electrocatalytic materials doped with varying amounts of neodymium. One of the 0.3-Nd doped nickel sulphide (0.3-NdNS) electrodes showed the best electronic properties, with a specific capacitance (Cs) of 2122.64 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and energy density of 119.25 Wh Kg−1. The practical potential of the symmetric nature of 0.3-NdNS electrode material was examined with two electrode systems, exhibiting the specific capacitance (Cs). Our results suggest optimized 0.3-NdNS electrode materials have great potential for supercapacitor applications.

Effect of neodymium (Nd) doping on the photocatalytic organic dye degradation performance of sol-gel synthesized CoFe2O4 self-assembled microstructures

Trivalent Neodymium doped CoFe2O4 was investigated as the potent photocatalyst for wastewater treatment. The CoFe2O4 and Nd-doped CoFe2O4 with various concentrations, such as 5, 10, and 15%, were prepared to employ the sol-gel technique. Structural characterization of the synthesized materials was done by powder X-ray Diffraction and Raman studies. The optical UV–Visible spectroscopy provides the optical properties of CoFe2O4 and Nd-doped CoFe2O4 and the XPS spectra, which identify the constituting elements with their oxidation states, confirm the incorporation of Nd into the CoFe2O4 lattice. SEM was performed to investigate their surface morphology, showing the self-assembled microstructures of CoFe2O4. The dye degradation process was investigated for the synthesized samples with methylene blue dye using UV–Visible spectroscopy, which reveals the photocatalytic performance of pure CoFe2O4 and Nd doped CoFe2O4 by measuring the absorbance of methylene blue at the same interval of time. The 5% Nd doped CoFe2O4 exhibits enhanced photocatalytic activity with a degradation efficiency of 72% within 4 h, which is higher than the pure sample. Outcomes indicates that the synthesized material can be useful in wastewater treatment.

Structural, morphological, and non-linear optical properties of thermally evaporated neodymium doped zinc oxide thin films

The thermal evaporation procedure has been used in the current work to synthesize various compositions of neodymium-doped zinc oxide thin films with varied thicknesses on glass substrates. The Films have a hexagonal wurtzite structure, according to x-ray Diffraction (XRD) study, and the structure has not changed after doping of Neodymium. Raman spectroscopy revealed peaks at 100.49, 331, 434,574, and 581 cm−1 that supported the ZnO phase, and the intensity of the peaks reduced as the number of dopants rose. FTIR analysis verified that Nd had completely dispersed in ZnO. The calculations of the bandgap (Eg) and absorption coefficient (α) are done using absorption spectra. The Z-Scan method has been employed to assess nonlinear optical characteristics for all Nd-doped ZnO thin films. The samples show the change from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA), the process of focusing to self-defocusing, and vice versa. This is due to the fact that the two-photon process is more potent than the one-photon process. The acquired value of the third-order optical non-linear susceptibility χ (3) is of the order of 10−5 to 10 −6 (e.s.u.) that makes the samples suitable for use in various photonic applications like using as an optical limiter and/or optical switch due to higher values of optical non-linear parameters.

Neodymium doping MoS2 nanostructures with remarkable surface-enhanced Raman scattering activity

In recent years, the study of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate on semiconductors has greatly broadened the application of SERS technology in different fields. Developing new practical semiconductor SERS substrates materials is still important work. Here, different concentrations of Nd-doped MoS2 were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. Compared with pure MoS2, doping Nd successfully enhanced the SERS signal. The Enhancement factor (EF) of the 2 at% Nd-doped MoS2 is up to ∼1.29 × 106 due to the energy level transition and charge transfer effect. High sensitivity SERS detection of bilirubin, dipterex, and bisphenol A (BPA) was realized, and the lowest detection concentration was 10−8 M. Moreover, 2 at% Nd doped MoS2 as SERS substrate can realize high sensitivity SERS detection of bilirubin, dipterex and bisphenol A (BPA), and the limit of detection (LOD) is 10−8 M, 10−9 M, and 10−9 M, respectively. Furthermore, 2 at% Nd-doped MoS2 SERS substrate has high uniformity and excellent reproducibility, which is beneficial for practical applications. This work not only provides an efficient technique to get sensitive, stable, and low-cost SERS substrates but also advantageous for many application scenarios.

Effect of neodymium doping on structure, magnetic properties and microwave absorption performance of SrMnO3

A simple composite Sr1–xNdxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) nano powders were successfully prepared by the sol–gel method as a light-weight broadband electromagnetic wave absorber. The effect of Nd3+ doping on the structure, microstructure and properties of SrMnO3 was investigated. It is found that with the doping of Nd3+, the space group of the SrMnO3 changes from p63/mmc to pm3m, and the crystalline shape starts to change from hexagonal to cubic crystalline. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) tests confirm that the particle sizes of the sample decrease and the specific surface area increases, which are attributed to the inhibition of grain growth after Nd3+ is doped. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that after Nd3+ doping, the content of oxygen vacancy increases, and Mn4+ converts to Mn3+. Due to the defects of the materials, the polarization effect is enhanced, thus, the dielectric and magnetic properties of the doped samples are improved. The maximum reflection loss of the Sr0.85Nd0.15MnO3 is −33.41 dB at 7.84 GHz for a thickness of 2.4 mm, while Sr0.9Nd0.1MnO3 has the best bandwidth performance at 2.32 GHz with a reflection loss below −10 dB.

Neodymium Doped Borate Glasses for NIR Emitting Solid State Device Applications

Objectives: To investigate the effect of B2O3 replaced by Nd2O3 studies on the spectroscopic characteristics of trivalent neodymium (Nd3+)-doped glasses using XRD, FTIR, absorption, and emission spectroscopy. Methods: The glasses were synthesized using the conventional melt quenching technique at 11500 C. The amorphous nature of the samples was confirmed by x-ray diffraction studies. Findings: The addition of Nd2O3 concentration affects the absorption and emission properties of the Nd3+ ion measured in the near-infrared luminescence range from 0.9mm, 1.06 mm, and 1.36mm associated with the 4F3=2!4IJ (J = 9/2, 11/2, 13/2) transitions. Novelty: The novelty of the present work is to fully understand and characterize the luminescence of Nd3+ doped borate bulk glasses with different doping concentrations. So as to gain an insight of 1.06 mm corresponding to 4F3=2!4F11=2 transition, these glasses are highly potential one which is an applicable to NIR emitting solid state device. Keywords: Nd3+ ions; FTIR; UV; Photoluminescence; Borate glasses

Performance and Stability of Doped Ceria–Zirconia Catalyst for a Multifuel Reforming

In the present work, the catalytic behavior of nickel-based catalysts supported on ceria/zirconia, undoped and doped with lanthanum and neodymium (3.5Ni/Ce0.8La0.5Nd0.2Zr0.13O2−x), was investigated under different reactions: steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming of different fuels (methane, biogas, and propane). The catalytic properties of these catalysts were evaluated at a temperature of 800 °C, under atmospheric pressure, at GSHV = 120,000 h−1, using steam/carbon and oxygen/carbon ratio, respectively, of S/C = 2.5 and O/C = 0.5 and, in the case of autothermal conditions, with the addition of H2S (100 ppm) as a contaminant. Depending on the tested fuel, ATR, SR, and POX reactions over doped and undoped catalysts showed different results. In particular, the doped catalyst, due to neodymium and lanthanum doping, better distributed nickel species on the catalyst surface, promoting a higher concentration of defect groups and oxygen vacancies. This resulted in improved catalytic performance and resistance to deactivation. Endurance catalytic test also confirmed the beneficial effect of the doped catalysts.

Optimizing the Electronic Structure of Ruthenium Oxide by Neodymium Doping for Enhanced Acidic Oxygen Evolution Catalysis

AbstractIt is a great challenge to design active and durable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts for proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer due to the high dissolution of electrocatalysts in acidic solution. Herein, the Nd‐doped RuO2 (Nd0.1RuOx) is developed for enhanced oxygen evolution in 0.5 m H2SO4 solution with an overpotential of 211 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2. The theoretical calculation reveals that the improved activity of Nd0.1RuOx is due to the moderate decrease of d‐band center energy, which balances the adsorption and desorption of oxygen intermediates. Moreover, the formation of more high valence state Ru4+ in Nd0.1RuOx is beneficial to the chemical stability of Ru species during the OER process, indicating that the introduction of Nd can effectively suppress the dissolution of Ru in acidic electrolytes. In addition, the PEM electrolyzer using Nd0.1RuOx/CC as the anode can be operated at 10 mA cm−2 stably for 50 h. This study sheds new light on the design of the OER catalysts in acid by engineering the electronic structure of RuO2.

Effect of the neodymium doping on the magnetic and structural properties of the Sr-hexaferrite obtained by the Pechini method

In this work, neodymium (Nd3+) doped strontium hexaferrite was obtained using the sol–gel based Pechini method. The cation distribution was modified by doping with different amounts of Nd3+ ions when 0.0 ? x ? 0.4 according to the chemical expression Sr1-xNdxFe12O19 the powders were sintered at 1100 °C for 1 h. The influence of the neodymium was analyzed, and the magnetic and structural properties have been associated with the fabrication method. The crystalline phases, structure, and particle morphology of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the magnetic properties were measured at room temperature using a vibrating sample magnetometer with an applied field of up to 20 kOe. Moreover, magnetization and coercivity values are influenced by the neodymium content. The results showed that the Pechini sol-gel method allows a limited solubility of the Nd3+ ions on the hexaferrite structure.