Negotiation Of Gender Research Articles

Gender and Professional Identities in Businesswomen's Negotiation.

Gender roles and expectations for women have been shown to account for why women tend to negotiate ineffectively in business settings. Drawing from the psychological literature on multiple identities, this paper examines how individual differences in perceived compatibility between gender and professional identities-captured by the construct Gender-Professional Identity Integration (G-PII)-shape businesswomen's negotiation behaviors. Two studies examined how G-PII interacts with identity cues and cue valence to influence negotiation outcomes. We found that those who perceived their gender and professional identities as compatible (high G-PII) exhibited an "assimilation" effect-they negotiate more effectively when their professional identity was primed by professional identity cues and when prototypical female traits were positively linked to negotiation success, and negotiated less effectively when their gender identity was primed by gender identity cues and when prototypical female traits were negatively linked to negotiation success. However, businesswomen who perceived their gender and professional identities as incompatible (low G-PII) exhibited the opposite "contrast" effect. These findings suggest that the way women negotiate is influenced in part by individual differences in perceptions of compatibility between multiple identities.

Knowledge of Life and Death! A Classroom Study of Gender Negotiations among Pupils and Teachers in Primary School History Education

In this article, we analyse how gendered subject positions during the Middle Ages are talked about in the history education classroom in primary school. Discourses about gender norms in the past were followed by discourses about how to interpret these differences and injustices, where we see that: i) the interpretations are constructed as being linked to biology, ii) teacher and pupils construct a present ‘us’ who understand better than a past ‘they’, an us who have greater freedom of action to choose for ourselves how to live our lives, and where iii) this is explained by the view that mediaeval people did not understand very well. It is between these discourses that the negotiation of how to interpret gender norms and gendered positions takes place. Negotiations result in a discourse that stresses today’s society as one of equality and equity. These discourses also enable various counter-discourses in which pupils challenged the constructions of women in the past offered by the teacher and textbook in the classroom.

Parents who migrate without their children: Gendered and psychosocial reconfigurations of parenting in transnational families

AbstractWhat psychosocial impacts does migrating without children have on parents? How do the reconfigurations of gendered dynamics in transnational families (TFs) affect the well‐being and subjectivities of mothers and fathers in the hosting and sending communities? Through this literature meta‐synthesis, we describe six main areas of concern for parents who migrate without their children: (a) migration and family roles; (b) affects; (c) negotiations of gender, subjectivity, and family expectations; (d) family cohesion, tensions, and arrangements; (e) communication and the digital relational space; and (f) narratives on family reunification. We discuss the ways in which these areas and processes interact with each other within and around TFs. This article contributes to theories on family transnationality and transnational parenting by identifying and discussing specific dynamics of change and possibilities of becoming, which will be helpful to professionals working with TFs and to migrant parents to understand and anticipate likely family challenges.

Establishing and Promoting the Book Wagon: Mary Lemist Titcomb’s Negotiations of Gender, Class, and Region

Abstract In 1905, the librarian Mary Lemist Titcomb sent her library’s janitor into the Maryland countryside with a wagon full of books, thereby establishing the first bookmobile in the United States. Titcomb was a deliberate rhetor who proactively distributed her writings to encourage the adoption of the book wagon throughout the United States and the world. She used place-based rhetoric to establish her own ethos. She also leveraged her material environment in order to promote the book wagon, speak back to negative stereotypes of rural people, and negotiate gender and class associations surrounding librarians and their place.

Reimagining Scholars and Eunuchs: Nationalism, Masculinities, and Historicism in King Hu’s Martial Arts Films

ABSTRACT The historicist and cultural-essentialist filmmaker King Hu set most of his martial arts films in the Ming dynasty, a turbulent but legendary period in Chinese history. This article examines two archetypes in Hu’s films, namely the righteous Confucian scholar-xia and the politically powerful eunuch, who engage in contestations of masculinity within ideal cinematic spaces (jianghu, milieu). These settings and character designs profoundly influenced the martial arts genre. Hu’s cinematography embodied a field for negotiating Chinese masculinities that deviate somewhat from Euro-American theorising about gender binarism and masculinity. By tracing the historical and cultural origins of the scholar and eunuch archetypes, and scrutinising their cultural identities, power structures, gender negotiations, and distinctive notions of nationhood, this article illustrates that Hu’s works parodied and critiqued the problematic authoritarianism of the James Bond film series, despite the prevalence of Bond-esque Western ‘heroes’ in Hong Kong popular culture during the Cold War. He idealised the politically marginalised scholars, critically appraised the hegemonic and transgender eunuchs, and constructed unconventional and resolute swordswomen, and thereby re-articulated the gender and power systems of wen and wu, yin and yang, to revive Chinese cultural traditions and allegorise the sociopolitical landscape.

Masculinity in Scandinavian tech entrepreneurship: male technology entrepreneurs negotiating gender (in)equality

PurposeBoth entrepreneurship and technology are significantly gendered, and when combined in technology entrepreneurship, they make up a fundamentally masculine field. This article investigates men tech entrepreneurs' negotiations of gender and gender (in)equality. The purpose is to gain knowledge on masculinity in tech entrepreneurship and to explore what role this might play in any change towards more gender-equal entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Swedish and Norwegian male tech entrepreneurs in tech incubators. The interviews dealt with gender (in)equality and masculinity in tech entrepreneurship. The data were coded in NVivo and inductively analysed using thematic analysis. We apply a social constructivist understanding of gender.FindingsWe categorise the male entrepreneurs' views of gender equality along “privileged”, “paradoxical” and “potential” articulations of gender (in)equality. Building on these articulations, we discuss the potential entrepreneurial men and masculinities could have for changing gender inequality in the Scandinavian tech entrepreneurship context. The findings are applicable to several entrepreneurial contexts.Originality/valueThe study contributes to further the theoretical understanding of tech entrepreneurship as a gendered phenomenon, its dynamics and its potential for change, particularly in promoting gender equality in tech entrepreneurship. Empirically, it investigates the perceptions about gender (in)equality and gender as negotiated concepts amongst male tech entrepreneurs.

‘And that was her choice’: Dutch general practitioners’ perceptions of the autonomy of patients with non-western migration backgrounds who experience domestic violence

ABSTRACT Women in the Netherlands with non-western migration backgrounds experience domestic violence at the intersection of culture and gender, and visit their general practitioners (GPs) with health concerns related to the violence. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with GPs, this paper illuminates how GPs navigate the process of decision-making around intervention in domestic violence, with particular attention to the role of autonomy. Patient autonomy is a core principle in Dutch general practice. The term refers to the principle that GPs must respect that competent adults can make autonomous decisions about the care they do and do not want, and that GPs must respect patients’ views, choices, and ways of life. The interview data shows great variation in how GPs respond in situations of domestic violence against women with non-western migration backgrounds. Deploying ‘somatechnics of perception’, this paper explores how GPs’ perceptions of their patients’ autonomy are both the agent and effect of a complex and embodied negotiation of gender, race, culture, ethnicity, medical ethics, and morality. In highlighting how these patients’ autonomy is rendered (un)intelligible and (il)legible in contextually specific ways, this paper sheds light on how GPs in the Netherlands can better assist women with non-western migration backgrounds who experience domestic violence.

Can attentional nudges improve efficiency of bilateral multi-attribute negotiations?

This paper reports the results from a lab experiment to simulate negotiation on innovative therapy commercialization. Using a between-subject design, we analyzed the consequences of two light choice interventions: (1) guiding negotiations towards early wins, and (2) inviting negotiators to share information about their priority goals. In both treatments, the total value created exceeded the control value by approximately 9 % of the maximal value that can be created in this experiment. However, it was essentially the buyer who captured the additional value. We found that, conditional on the success of the negotiation, the total value created increased with the time spent negotiating. Negotiator gender had an impact on the negotiation outcome, with women underperforming compared to men.

Gender negotiation of space in Laila Lalami’s The Other Americans and Susan Muaddi Darraj’s The Inheritance of Exile

ABSTRACT This article examines the gendering of space and the entailed dismantlement of the passivity associated with Arab women in Lalami’s The Other Americans (2019) and Darraj’s The Inheritance of Exile (2007). Drawing on transnational feminism, this article critically examines the agency of the second generation of Arab American females in the space of the diaspora in their claiming of and entitlement to the public space. They are different from their mothers who seek to perpetuate the discursive division and the dual dichotomy of the public space which is that of men, and the private domestic which is that of women, even after their migratory journeys. The submissiveness and passivity that are linked to Arab women are revisited and brought to question as Arab female migrants in the novels negotiate space as independent agents in total oblivion to the biased and ideological division. Their heterogeneous and dissimilar subjectivities, negotiations, and experiences answer back the othering rhetoric which represents them as being isomorphic.

Buying the Tokyo Dream! Working Women’s Metropolitan Romance in Japanese Television Drama

ABSTRACT Building on existing scholarship on the representation of female singlehood in Japanese television dramas, this article examines depictions of female romantic and professional development in two scripted streaming media series: Tōkyō joshi zukan and Tōkyō rabu sutōrī 2020. Both series’ female leads prioritise personal development and self-realisation over their love interests and end with singlehood (loosely defined as the status of being outside officially registered marriage). I examine the relationships between these women’s financial capacity and their attitudes toward love and marriage, followed by a comparison of these idealistic representations with the dilemmas facing working women in reality. As the ‘Tokyo’ in their titles suggests, the geographic location of the capital plays a central role in both dramas. Their characters’ negotiation of gender and power dynamics is inextricable from the socio-spatial attributes of Tokyo, framing the striving single female professional as an essentially urban character.

Yifan Li. Review of "The Golden Key: Modern Women Artists and Gender Negotiations in Republican China (1911-1949)" by Amanda Wangwright.

Yifan Li. Review of "The Golden Key: Modern Women Artists and Gender Negotiations in Republican China (1911-1949)" by Amanda Wangwright.

Closing the Gender Negotiation Gap: The Power of Entitlements

Closing the Gender Negotiation Gap: The Power of Entitlements

"FEMINIST RHETORIC IN BARACK OBAMA AND HILLARY CLINTON’S DISCOURSE "

November 8, 2016, marked the beginning of a new era in the American political setting. The Obama era was known as a period of great opening, minority friendly approach and liberal vision. Of the two candidates that were running for office in 2016, Hillary Clinton seemed to have the most similar approach to the now former president of the USA, Barack Obama; Clinton was framed as the de facto carrier and enforcer of Obama’s legacy. Feminist approaches are not gender determined; Obama himself has made a mark as a feminist leader. Clinton ran for the highest office as a pioneer of women’s representation in politics. The aim of this paper is to discover the similarities between Obama’s discursive style and Hillary’s approach. Through critical discourse analysis, we launch this research in order to emphasize gender negotiations, in terms of both content and style.

“It’s Your Word Against Mine”: A Case Study of Gender Negotiation in a Spanish School

AbstractAlthough a number of laws, protocols and plans have been passed in Spain in the last 10 years to support gender diversity in education, they still have not been fully implemented in schools. In this paper we describe the case of Arturo, a trans boy, and the various negotiations he went through in his secondary school for 2 years. We used a thematic analysis to identify the negotiations involving educational staff, teachers and students based on 6 themes: (a) naming; (b) compliance with trans students’ rights; (c) toilets and changing rooms; (d) physical activities; (e) gender disclosure; and (f) privileges. These experiences include the different micro and macroaggressions Arturo suffered at school. On the positive we describe various trans students' inclusion strategies in this context, highlighting the social workers' role in building inclusive and respectful spaces for this minority group. Inclusive strategies can help to create more positive experiences for trans students and help to expand even the current queer restrictive gender narratives circulating in schools.

Aspiring Inside a Girls Madrasa: Gender, Negotiation and Change

This article draws on my ethnography of girls’ madrasas in India. It is woven around the ethnographic portrait of Zainab, 1 a rather reluctant madrasa student studying in a residential girls’ madrasa in Delhi who aspires to be a doctor. The article employs ethnographic portraiture to ‘focus in’ on Zainab’s educational journey and life in the madrasa, while also drawing attention to the larger canvas of intersecting forms of marginalisation, gender negotiations, and claim-making by Muslim women. It highlights how Muslim marginalisation intersects with gender disadvantage shaping everyday decisions about education, mobility and career choices. It argues that women’s negotiations and agency are nested in a larger context of marginalisation; while also co-constituting it. It examines Zainab’s life trajectory and aspirations to illustrate how education is a contradictory resource. At one level there is a synchrony between parents and madrasas on ideals of Islamic womanhood, but at another level, the piety project implemented by the madrasa does not represent the everyday experiences of madrasa students. The article argues that young women like Zainab, in attempting to balance madrasa prescriptions and their own aspirations, refashion gender norms through its inhabitation.

Between banjos, beaches and bending gender: Negotiating the queer rural space in Hannah Montana

This article explores queer and non-heteronormative subtexts in connection with representations of rurality in the Disney family sitcom Hannah Montana (2006-2011). The multi-layered world, which the protagonist Hannah Montana/Miley Stewart inhabits, is shaped by sexual undercurrents closely linked to an imagined rural space. This space is constructed as the ‘sexual other’ in relation to the gender and body politics of the show’s main setting: Mailbu, California. In particular, the protagonist’s original home state of Tennessee forms a cultural repertoire in which dominant norms of gender performativity are ignored or subverted. Certain hints at queer codes and practices become identifiable when the rural space is invoked and contrasted with the perceived, sanitized ‘sexual normativity’ of Southern California. Projecting the non-normative onto the rural allows Disney to protect the show’s image as so-called wholesome family entertainment. The resulting play with queer practices, such as gender-bending and cross-dressing, is shown to connect with Disney’s attempts to queercode characters and spaces in order to facilitate the effective marketing of the show across multiple segments in an increasingly multi-sexual teen market. The role of the extratextual personae of Miley Cyrus and Billy Ray Cyrus complement this strategy, through their functioning as instructive models for ongoing negotiations of sexuality and gender among multi-generational audiences in the early twenty-first century.

Women in Business: The Role of Gender and Professional Identities in Negotiation

Women in Business: The Role of Gender and Professional Identities in Negotiation

The Good, the Bad and the Disney: Employing princesses to examine Hungarian tweens’ understanding of gender

By relying on diverse scholarly works within several fields – such as communication, cultural, feminist media, film and tweenhood studies – on the one hand, and conducting audience research with Hungarian informants on the other, this interdisciplinary study, as part of a bigger project, examines Hungarian tweenagers’ negotiation of gender. It does so by investigating the concept of ‘the’ princess, including but not limited to Disney Princesses, while offering unique contributions on both theoretical and methodological levels. Theoretically, it shines a light on the limitations of applying Western, post-feminist, liberal theories in a non-Western, post-socialist and ‘illiberal’ environment, and it discusses complexities of the Princess Phenomenon which have been overlooked in academia. From a methodological perspective, it presents innovative short-term ethnographic approaches, specifically in terms of conducting a gender-centred audience study with young people in an anti-gender milieu. To achieve these objectives, this work first introduces the historical, social and political contexts in contemporary Hungary. This is followed by a discussion of the theoretical and methodological approaches which it was necessary to consider before undertaking the fieldwork in Hungary. The article then analyses Hungarian children’s notions of gender by discussing their ideas about ‘the’ princess as a concept. Finally, as a summary, this study outlines its contributions to diverse academic disciplines.

Academic women's negotiation of gender identities in non-elite Chinese universities.

This study employs Butler's concept of identity to unpack how non-elite Chinese university academic women negotiate gender identities under the influence of the wider social discourses around gender in their institutional context. The study includes two empirical investigations of (i) semi-structured interviews and (ii) photovoice interviews with six women academics from six different non-elite Chinese universities. We found that most interviewees tended to value their teacher identity and meanwhile downplay their researcher identity in the professional field; while in the private field, they paid more attention to their mother identity at the cost of downplaying their career development. The study also reveals that, in the process of gender negotiation, the interviewees commonly adopted two strategies: (i) creating space and time for identity performance, and (ii) persuading with selves to accept multiple identities. This article contributes to the understanding of Chinese academic women in non-elite public universities from a Butlerian perspective.

Feminine negotiations and patriarchal bargains: Contradictory resistance in women's flat track roller derby

Women in contact sports must negotiate hegemonic gender norms and expectations encoded with sexism and homophobia. Previous research has not fully taken into account the way roller derby athletes resist notions of hegemonic femininity while simultaneously reinforcing gendered hierarchies. Using ethnographic data and 15 in-depth, semi-structured interviews, I seek to make sense of the complex gender negotiations in one roller derby league. I find that skaters offer not only unique resistance by defying gendered expectations of femininity but also risk reaffirming gender hierarchies. Skaters also negotiate and embody characteristics of masculinity and alternative femininities to conform to expectations of sporting legitimacy. This study indicates that, even within progressive spaces, hegemonic expectations of masculinity and femininity can hinder resistance efforts by imposing the competing goals of women's empowerment and masculine norms of athleticism.