Negative Works Research Articles

DISCOVER THE REAL TRUTH THROUGH POWER OF SPIRITUALITY: CHANGE OF ATMOSPHERE FOR THE NEW WORLD

The present human civilization is moving forward along with many backward motions, generation after generation. At the same time, in the running society amidst a lot of conventional ordinary zero-point or negative works, few giant steps are taken for the good of the people in the long run. Mental capacity of common people is not so powerful to catch the negative vibrations against the deeds taken for granted, today; and, hence, in majority cases, solution does not come. We blame one another and the situations become worse day by day. We always try to rationalize the irrationals by our own judgments, introducing falsehood, mistrust and selfishness; and, hence, in no way the problems reduce. Rather, the whole society is being entangled in a variety of mental turbulences in which we all have been captured directly or indirectly. Actually, we have lost our inner power as a result of forgetting our original spiritual identity. The right knowledge and understanding of soul, Supreme Soul and World Cycle, and self-realization and God-realization made clear the universal concept of One-World -Family in the sense that every human being is the spiritual child of God Father Shiva irrespective of the differences of castes, colours, creeds, cultures, faiths, religions, languages, genders, nationalities, places of birth, etc.

The Georgian period of the filmmaker Otar Ioseliani

The creation of the film director Otar Ioseliani has a significant role in the evolution of Georgian cinematographic art. Since the 1950s, Ioseliani had been active in RSS Georgia, and since the 1980s, thanks to ideological circumstances, he continued his work as a filmmaker in France. Ioseliani imposed himself through a special style in the detection and cinematic expression of the negative parts of everyday life. That is why most of his films were not accepted by Soviet film critics, acclaiming them as negative works that did not fit the Soviet reality and lifestyle. Those works corresponded more to the conditions of critical realism than to socialist realism - the dogma of the totalitarian regime. As arguments for these ideas will serve the analysis (thematic, ideational background, cinematic expression, etc.) of Otar Ioseliani’s films from the Georgian period, starting with the bachelor’s thesis Watercolor (1958) and continuing with the films that became known to the general public: November, The Last Leaf, Pastoral, Once Upon a Time there was a Blackbird.

Discontinuous dynamics of an asymmetric 2-DOF friction oscillator with elastic and rigid impacts

• An asymmetric 2 DOF oscillator with elastic and rigid impacts is investigated. • Negative feedback forces and nonlinear spring of cubic term are considered. • Switching conditions of motion at separation boundaries are explored. • Several typical motions are simulated numerically by MATLAB software. In this paper, by using flow switching theory of discontinuous dynamical systems , the discontinuous dynamic behavior of a 2-DOF (two-degree-of-freedom) friction oscillator with elastic impact and rigid impact on different sides is investigated. For the 2-DOF friction oscillator, when the direction of object’s velocity changes, the negative feedback works and the inequality of maximum static friction force and kinetic friction force leads to the existence of flow barriers. In addition, the elastic impact and rigid impact can change motion states of object, resulting in the discontinuity of this 2-DOF system. Considering the multiple motion states of object and better analyzing the equation of object’s motion, the phase space of each object is divided into different motion domains and boundaries in relative and absolute coordinates by means of the discontinuities resulted from the friction and impact. Moreover, because the elastic impact exists in a time period, there will be a variety of motion behaviors coexisting, such as elastic and rigid impacts occur simultaneously. With that in mind, in absolute coordinate system, the phase space of the system is divided in six cases according to whether there are stick motion and stuck motion. Based on flow switching theory, the switching conditions at discontinuous boundaries for all possible motions are given by using G-functions, and it should be noted that the vanishing conditions of the sliding motion become more complicated due to the existence of flow barriers at speed boundaries. Through defining the switching sets on separation boundaries, the mapping structures are further introduced to demonstrate the global dynamic behavior and periodic motions. For a better understanding of the object’s motion and the switching criteria at separation boundaries, the numerical simulation method is used to demonstrate several typical motions such as passable motion, sliding motion, grazing motion, stick motion (elastic impact), rigid impact and periodic motions etc. The results obtained have reference value for the optimization design and noise control of mechanical systems with gap couplings and negative feedbacks.

A study of the vibration isolation performance of a limited phononic crystal vibration isolator based on local resonance theory

In this study, a limited phononic crystal vibration isolation (LPCVI) model is constructed based on a vibration isolator used in the field of rail transit, and analyses of the characteristics of the bandgap, the vibration isolation effect, and the vibrational energy transfer of the model are presented. In this paper, the Boltzmann integration theory and the Bloch theorem are used to establish a mathematical model that analyzes the band structure based on the viscoelastic damping of the system. Additionally, by comparing the practical finite periodic structure model and the conventional mass-spring-damping vibration isolation model, explicit forms of the vibration isolation coefficients of the models are derived. It is found that when the external excitation frequency is within the forbidden band range, the vibration isolation coefficient of the LPCVI system with a harmonic oscillator is much smaller than that of the vibration isolation system with a general mass-spring. Furthermore, the Newmark-β integration method is adopted to solve the vibration equation of the LPCVI model. The energy input, distribution, and output of the system are obtained when the energy is under excitation in the forbidden band and bandpass frequencies. It is found that the external excitation does both positive and negative works on the vibration isolation system within a certain period under the action of the central frequency excitation of the forbidden band; therefore, the energy cannot be input into the isolation system. This makes it possible to achieve effective vibration isolation at lower frequencies.

Lower-Extremity Energy Absorption During Side-Step Maneuvers in Females With Knee Valgus Alignment.

Excessive knee valgus on landing can cause anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, knee valgus alignment may show characteristic energy absorption patterns during landings with lateral movement that impose greater impact forces on the knee joint compared with landings in other alignments. To investigate the energy absorption strategy in lower-extremities during side steps in females with knee valgus alignment. Controlled laboratory study. University research laboratory. A total of 34 female college students participated in this experiment. Participants performed single-leg drop vertical jump and side steps. All participants were divided into valgus (n = 13), neutral (n = 9), and varus (n = 12) groups according to knee position during landing in single-leg drop vertical jumps. Lower-extremity joint angles, moments, and negative works were calculated during landing in side steps, and 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests were used to determine between-group differences. Negative works of hip extensors, knee abductors, and ankle plantar flexors during landing in side steps were significantly smaller in the valgus than in the varus group; however, negative work of the knee extensors was significantly greater in the valgus group than in varus group. The findings of this study indicated that landing with knee valgus induced the characteristic energy absorption strategy in the lower-extremity. Knee extensors contributed more to energy absorption when landing in knee valgus than in knee varus alignment. Learning to land in knee varus alignment might reduce the impact on the knee joint by increasing the energy absorption capacities of hip extensors, knee abductors, and ankle plantar flexors.

Balance recovery during induced falls is impaired in people with knee osteoarthritis: Implications for falls prevention

Balance recovery during induced falls is impaired in people with knee osteoarthritis: Implications for falls prevention

Revisiting the mitogenetic effect of ultra-weak photon emission.

This paper reviews the 90 years long controversial history of the so-called “mitogenetic radiation,” the first case of non-chemical distant interactions, reported by Gurwitsch (1923). It was soon described as ultraweak UV, emitted by a number of biological systems, and stimulating mitosis in “competent” (in this sense) cells. In the following 20 years this phenomenon attracted enormous interest of the scientific community, and gave rise to more than 700 publications around the world. Yet, this wave of research vanished after several ostensibly disproving works in late 1930-s, and was not resumed later, regardless of quite serious grounds for that. The authors discuss separately two aspects of the problem: (1) do living organisms emit ultraweak radiation in the UV range (irrespective of whether it has any biological role), and (2) are there any real effects of this ultraweak photon emission (UPE) upon cell division and/or other biological functions? Analysis of the available data permits to conclude, that UV fraction of UPE should be regarded real, while its biological effects are difficult to reproduce. This causes a paradox. A number of presently known qualities of UPE were initially discovered (predicted?) by the “early workers” on the basis of biological effects. Yet the qualities they discovered were proved later (the UV component of UPE, the sources of UPE among biological systems, etc…), while the biological effect they used for UPE “detection” remains questionable. Importance of this area for basic biology and medicine, and potential usefulness of UPE as a non-invasive research method, invite scientists to attack this problem again, applying powerful research facilities of modern science. Yet, because of complexity and uncertainty of the problem, further progress in this area demands comprehensive examination of both positive and negative works, with particular attention to their methodical details.

Japan: The "Haves" are Gaining and the "Have-Nots" are Losing

Many Japanese private higher education institutions also face a risk of falling into the "losing group." It seems that small/rural colleges end up receiving less extra income from admissions over the tei-in (the quota for first-year students) level. This loss creates less scholarship money for capable students. The small/rural institutions are likely to lose prospective students as a negative cycle works against them. This tendency, in turn, augments the opportunities available to large, metropolitan higher education institutions. In Japan, a clear division is anticipated, with the larger institutions getting much larger and the smaller and rural ones getting much smaller. This is a hard fact that we will face in the foreseeable future.

Minimalistic Models of an Energy-Efficient Vertical-Hopping Robot

The use of free vibration in elastic structure can lead to energy-efficient robot locomotion, since it significantly reduces the energy expenditure if properly designed and controlled. However, it is not well understood how to harness the dynamics of free vibration for the robot locomotion, because of the complex dynamics originated in discrete events and energy dissipation during locomotion. From this perspective, the goals of this paper are to propose a design strategy of hopping robot based on elastic curved beams and actuated rotating masses and to identify the minimalistic model that can characterize the basic principle of robot locomotion. Since the robot mainly exhibits vertical hopping, three 1-D models are examined that contain different configurations of simple spring-damper-mass components. The real-world and simulation experiments show that one of the models best characterizes the robot hopping, through analyzing the basic kinematics and negative works in actuation. Based on this model, the self-stability of hopping motion under disturbances is investigated, and design and control parameters are analyzed for the energy-efficient hopping. In addition, further analyses show that this robot can achieve the energy-efficient hopping with the variation in payload, and the source of energy dissipation of the robot hopping is investigated.

Fluctuation theorem for an optically trapped tracer in dense colloids. A simulation study

The work supplied by an external parabolic potential that traps one tracer in a colloidal system is studied in this work by computer simulations. The density of the bath is changed from zero up to values close to the glass transition, and the velocity varies over several decades from the linear behaviour in the low Peclet limit to the high Peclet limit. The work distributions are analyzed using the model for the isolated Brownian particle, where the friction coeffi cient and temperature of the medium have been fitted to reproduce the position distribution of the tracer in the trap. The overall agreement is good but not perfect. The region of negative works is studied in more detail using the predictions of the fluctuation theorem, finding good qualitative agreement with the model of the isolated Brownian particle. The present results indicate that the fluctuation theorem is of application in cases where the tracer dynamics is complex, as predicted by theoretical works.

Victorian Anglican Evangelicalism: The Radical Legacy of Edward Irving

This article considers the radical contribution of Edward Irving to mid-Victorian Anglican Evangelicalism, in an analysis of nineteenth-century Anglican Evangelical theology and spirituality, political and social thought and missionary activity. While historians of doctrine have acknowledged the influence of aspects of Irving's thought upon liberal Anglicans like F. D. Maurice, they have paid scant attention to Irving's influence upon the theology of Evangelical churchmen. Irving's legacy was, in fact, an important and positive force for theological change. This article also challenges the conventional historical view that Evangelical churchmen produced only negative polemical works in response to the innovatory approaches of Oxford Movement and ‘Broad Church’ theologians. It considers, in particular, the work of the leading Anglican Evangelical theologian Thomas Rawson Birks, which was shaped by the legacy of Irving and has many significant parallels with that of Maurice.

Ensemble learning via negative correlation

This paper presents a learning approach, i.e. negative correlation learning, for neural network ensembles. Unlike previous learning approaches for neural network ensembles, negative correlation learning attempts to train individual networks in an ensemble and combines them in the same learning process. In negative correlation learning, all the individual networks in the ensemble are trained simultaneously and interactively through the correlation penalty terms in their error functions. Rather than producing unbiased individual networks whose errors are uncorrelated, negative correlation learning can create negatively correlated networks to encourage specialisation and cooperation among the individual networks. Empirical studies have been carried out to show why and how negative correlation learning works. The experimental results show that negative correlation learning can produce neural network ensembles with good generalisation ability.

Mechanical energy states during running.

Changes in total mechanical work and its partitioning into different energy states (kinetic, potential and rotational) during a step cycle of running were investigated on six well trained athletes who ran at the test speeds of 40, 60, 80, and 100% (9.3 +/- 0.3 m/s) of maximum. Cinematographic techniques were utilized to calculate the mechanical energy states as described by Norman et al. (1976), using a 13 segment mechanical model of a runner as the basis for the computations. The data showed that both the kinetic and rotational energy increased parabolically but the potential energy decreased linearly with increases in running velocity. The calculated power of the positive work phase increased quadratically with running speed. During the phase when the runner was in contact with the ground, the applied calculations gave similar increases for the positive and negative works, and the power ratio (Wneg/Wpos) stayed the same at all measured speeds. Therefore, it is likely that the method used to calculate the various mechanical energy states did not reflect accurately enough the physiological energy costs at higher running speeds. It may, however, be quite acceptable for estimating the mechanical energy states during walking and slow running, in which case the role of negative work is less and consequently the storage and utilization of elastic energy is small.

ENERGY COST OF ALTERNATING POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE WORK.

AbstractThe energy cost of walking up and down a A‐shaped, 1 m high staircase was studied in 10 male and 10 female subjects in terms of the O2 requirement for performing the work under truly aerobic conditions. Two different speeds of walking were used, yielding external work loads of k × 14.7 and k × 26.7 kpm/min (k = body weight of individual in kg) in both the positive and negative phases. At the lower speed the net O2 cost per kg b. w. averaged 16.8 ml/min, independent of sex; at the higher speed the corresponding value was 33.0 ml/min in the men, and 32.0 ml/min in the women. From these values the average physiological load was estimated to k × 8.2 kpm/min for men and women at the lower speed, and to k × 16.2 and k × 15.7 kpm/min for men and women, respectively, at the higher speed. The ratio of O2 costs for the positive and negative works approximated 8: 1 at the lower speed, and 5: 1 at the higher speed. During each period of positive work the calculated O2 demand of a 70 kg man exceeded the O2 supply to the working muscles by about 60 ml at both speeds. This O2 debt of 60 ml could be contracted without any increment in the lactacid O2 debt and supports the notion that a certain amount of O2 can be released from the myoglobin O2 store before anaerobic processes become involved. The O2 capacity of this aerobic debt mechanism was calculated to be in the order of 3 ml per kg of active muscle tissue. Evidence is presented that, in the steady state, the upper limit for performing work under truly aerobic conditions corresponds to about 70 per cent of the maximal O2 consumption.