Negative Personality Traits Research Articles

Positive and negative schizotypy personality traits are lower in individuals on ketogenic diet in a non-clinical sample

Schizotypal personality comprises traits such as odd beliefs, perceptual abnormalities, and social difficulties; these traits are distributed throughout the general population. While not meeting the clinical threshold for schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder, schizotypal personality traits still provide insights for understanding early clinical risk factors. Ketogenic diet reportedly reduces psychotic symptoms in preclinical and clinical studies. Therefore, we investigated whether ketogenic diet is associated with lower schizotypal traits in the general population. Participants following a ketogenic or other diet were recruited using opportunity sampling. Individuals completed a survey investigating general demographic, socioeconomic, health, diet and lifestyle questions, followed by the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire – Brief Revised version (SPQ-BR). We found that individuals following a ketogenic diet (n = 118) had lower ideas of reference, magical thinking, suspiciousness, unusual perceptions, constricted affect, social anxiety scores, cognitive (positive) perceptual scores, interpersonal (negative) scores and total SPQ-BR compared to individuals on the other diets (n = 139). Magical thinking, constricted affect, social anxiety, cognitive perceptual, interpersonal scores and total SPQ-BR scores remained significant when we controlled for body mass index (BMI) and age. Disorganised features were not influenced by ketogenic diet. The longer individuals adhered to a ketogenic diet the lower their positive and negative schizotypy traits. These findings highlight that ketogenic diet is associated with lower non-clinical schizotypal personality traits. Our results suggest that ketogenic diet might have potential prophylactic properties for individuals at-risk for psychosis.

Consideration of socially significant personality traits of a convicted person in the organization of the process of penitentiary prevention

The problem of the recidivism of punishment in the form of imprisonment, traditionally refers to the most pressing problems of social science. This is due to the fact that being isolated from society, the convict is forced to integrate into the social education that has been formed in places of deprivation of liberty. The specific relationships that exist among convicts in the penitentiary society also leave a certain imprint on the nature of those relationships that are considered acceptable in this environment. The administration of correctional institutions is forced to take into account the system of informal relations that has developed among convicts in order to implement penitentiary practices necessary for the correction of convicts. For many decades, a system of qualitative assessment of the personality of convicts serving sentences of imprisonment has been formed. The article notes that there is a rather unhealthy practice of focusing on the criminal characteristics of the convict's personality, which began to influence the shift in emphasis in the application of penitentiary practices from correction to punishment. This is most clearly seen in the institute of preventive accounting used in correctional institutions. The Administration is making efforts to identify negative personality traits in convicts in order to use them in determining priorities in the application of penitentiary practices. The authors propose to consider such an approach as hindering the effective use of penitentiary prevention. As a result, the article proposes to shift the focus in the activities of the correctional institution administration to socially significant personality traits of the convicted person in order to correctly determine priorities in the process of penitentiary prevention.

Morality in Gaming: Observer Perceptions of Player versus Character Actions

The debate on the impact of violent video games and its influence on players continues despite mixed findings. Using the lens of third person perception research, we explored moral judgments of laypersons, those often at the crux of these public debates. Study 1 investigated whether the player or character is perceived by an outside observer as responsible for moral decisions made within the narrative of a violent video game. Study 2 investigated how those perceptions may impact the observers’ perceptions of the player’s future negative behaviors and personality traits. Study 1 and 2 used a 2 (condition: rescuing vs. harvesting) x 2 (role: player vs. character) mixed ANOVA with role as a repeated measure. We created a brief recording of gameplay leading to a moral decision in Bioshock, an interactive, first-person shooter game, shown to participants. Participants were asked to rate perceived morality of player and character actions. Study 1 showed that participants (N = 51) held the observed player more morally responsible for in-game behaviors than the character within the game. Replicating and advancing Study 1, Study 2 (N = 227) showed support for you are what you eat heuristic, in that observers were more likely to view the negative behaviors of the in-game characters as indicators of negative personality traits of the player. These insights are crucial in the broader societal discourse on the potential link between violent video games and real-world aggression

Joint trajectories of self-esteem and neuroticism among newlywed couples: Associations with marital quality

The present longitudinal study investigates the development of both positive and negative personal traits (i.e., self-esteem and neuroticism, respectively) among newlywed couples. The aim is to identify distinct joint trajectories of self-esteem and neuroticism and then compare marital quality across different trajectory classes. A sample of 268 Chinese newlyweds completed self-esteem, neuroticism, and marital quality questionnaires at three time points. Dyadic Latent Class Growth Analyses were used to examine the joint trajectory of self-esteem and neuroticism. The study identified three trajectory groups: the adaptive couples group (c1), the stable couples and husbands more adaptive than wives group (c2), and the stable husbands and wives more adaptive than husbands group (c3). The adaptive couples group had the highest level of initial marital quality. The two other groups, characterized by initial differences between partners in self-esteem and neuroticism, had relatively lower baseline marital quality. In comparison, wives in the c3 group initially displayed higher levels of marital quality than those in the c2 group. This research improves our understanding of personal development in couples and sheds light on the complex associations between personal and relational development in the context of marriage.

The impact of facial attractiveness and alleged personality traits on fairness decisions in the ultimatum game: Evidence from ERPs.

In the mind of the beholder the personality and facial attractiveness of others are interrelated. However, how these specific properties are processed in the neurocognitive system and interact with each other while economic decisions are made is not well understood. Here, we combined the ultimatum game with EEG technology, to investigate how alleged personality traits and the perceived facial attractiveness of proposers of fair and unfair offers influence their acceptance by the responders. As expected, acceptance rate was higher for fair than unfair allocations. Overall, responders were more likely to accept proposals from individuals with higher facial attractiveness and with more positive personality traits. In ERPs, words denoting negative personality traits elicited larger P2 components than positive trait words, and more attractive faces elicited larger LPC amplitudes. Replicating previous findings, FRN amplitudes were larger to unfair than to fair allocations. This effect was diminished if the proposer’s faces were attractive or associated with positive personality traits. Hence, facial attractiveness and the valence of personality traits seem to be evaluated independently and at different time points. Subsequent decision making about unfair offers is similarly influenced by high attractiveness and positive personality of the proposer, diminishing the negative response normally elicited by “unfair” proposals, possibly due a “reward” effect. In the ERPs to the proposals the effect of positive personality and attractiveness were seen in the FRN and P300 components but for positive personality traits the effect even preceded the FRN effect. Altogether, the present results indicate that both high facial attractiveness and alleged positive personality mitigate the effects of unfair proposals, with temporally overlapping but independent neurocognitive correlates.

Social identity threat attenuates own-race bias in face recognition under the “Asian-Caucasian” context

People typically remember faces of their own race better than the faces of other races, which is known as the own-race bias. Social-cognitive theories on the own-race bias debate if motivation plays a role in racial face recognition under the “Asian-Caucasian” context. We investigated the effect of social-identity-threat based motivation on own-race bias. In Experiment 1, Chinese participants were primed with a negative image of own-race by associating Chinese (i.e., own-race) faces with negative personality traits. Results showed that such social identity threat marginally affect the own-race bias in face recognition sensitivity (Experiment 1a), and it did not influence participants' implicit positive attitudes toward their ethnicity (Experiment 1b). In Experiments 2, 3 and 4, the social identity threat was manipulated by reading an article before the face recognition task. Experiment 2 found that the social identity threat significantly affected the own-race bias in face recognition false alarm. Although we did not find the modulation effect of group on ORB with ANOVA in Experiments 3 and 4, we observed the significant indirect effect of group on ORB through the mediator of generalized threat. Together, the current study provides evidence of social motivation in the own-race bias in the “Asian-Caucasian” setting.

Roles of negative emotions and personality traits in psoriasis vulgaris: A mendelian randomization study.

Many studies have indicated that negative emotions and personality traits are related to psoriasis, though few have provided causal evidence. Our analysis utilized 15 genome-wide association study datasets to identify instrumental variables associated with negative emotions, personality traits and psoriasis vulgaris. Two-sample Mendelian randomization was conducted to identify the causal associations of negative emotions and personality traits with psoriasis vulgaris. To mitigate bias from multiple tests, we adjusted p-values using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. Our study revealed causal links between negative emotions and psoriasis vulgaris, including depressed affect, worry too long, feeling hurt, guilty feelings, mood swings, unenthusiasm, miserableness, fed-up feelings. However, there was no significant evidence of a causal relationship between feeling lonely and psoriasis vulgaris. Additionally, personality traits including neuroticism and openness to experience were found to have causal effects on psoriasis vulgaris. However, no significant evidence supported a causal relationship between agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion with psoriasis vulgaris. Our findings suggest that experiencing negative emotions including depressed affect, worrying excessively, feeling hurt, guilty feelings, mood swings, lack of enthusiasm, miserableness and fed-up feelings may pose risks for psoriasis vulgaris. Additionally, neuroticism is associated with a risk of psoriasis vulgaris. Conversely, the openness trait may serve a protective role against psoriasis vulgaris.

The dark triad and entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of family business exposure

AbstractA substantial body of research has documented that personality traits, namely, negative personality traits generally known as the dark triad, play a significant role in determining entrepreneurial intention. However, despite the important role that parents play in the construction of their children's personality traits, studies examining the role of family business exposure on these socially aversive traits and its effect on the development of entrepreneurial intention are rarely developed. The current research is set to fill this gap through a quantitative approach based on a sample of 896 students. More specifically, we test the moderating effect of family business exposure on the relationship between dark triad personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. Our results provide evidence that narcissism and psychopathy have a direct effect on entrepreneurial intention and that family business exposure moderates the relationship between Machiavellianism and entrepreneurial intention. Several implications for educators and public policies are discussed.

TOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY IN THE SITUATION OF WAR

The article is related to the theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific information on the problem of tolerance to uncertainty in psychology and an empirical study of the relationship between a person's tolerance to uncertainty and a sense of satisfaction with life, psychological well-being, and the perception of one's life as existentially meaningful. It is noted that, despite the relatively long history of studying the phenomenon of uncertainty tolerance in science and its potential importance, there is still no scientifically based and agreed interpretation of this phenomenon in psychology, since it can be defined by different scientists as: 1) a personal trait / characteristic / property; 2) a social attitude of an individual, containing cognitive, affective and conative components and/or their combination, or 3) a holistic system of a person's response to a situation of uncertainty. It is stated that the essential reason for the emergence of a situation of uncertainty in a person's life is the lack of information necessary for an adequate understanding of the content and consequences of this situation; while this can be both the result of a real lack of the necessary data, and vice versa, it is emphasized by the excessive amount of information available to a person, which with its content and form of presentation (clip-fragmented) only makes it difficult to find the information necessary to solve the situation or its interpretation. As a result of our research, it was established: a person intolerant to uncertainty, understanding it and evaluating it negatively, can show dissatisfaction with his life; while a person who is tolerant of uncertainty tends to feel psychologically well-off with satisfaction and existential meaningfulness of his own existence. It was concluded that tolerance to uncertainty presupposes a person's ability to calmly / without internal tension relate to the lack of information needed in the situation, to accept the presence of an uncertain situation as a component and permanent content of one's own life; to allow the coexistence of contradictory and inconsistent information without a biased attempt to give preference to one part of it or to oppose it to another; the possibility (but not the obligation) to start actions aimed at solving / overcoming the situation of uncertainty, without being sure of their effectiveness; however, hoping to gain new experience and acquire life wisdom; to accept the existence of the uncertain in its various variants (as unknown (completely or partially), ambiguous (ambivalent or ambiguous), not yet resolved, or not resolved at all). However, neither tolerance nor intolerance of uncertainty is a uniquely positive or negative personality trait.

Коррекция психологической травмы у участников боевых действий с использованием арт-терапевтического метода интуитивного рисования

Unfavorable emotional states disrupt the optimal course of mental functions, form negative features and personality traits that are inadequate to social requirements. They worsen the effectiveness of actions, weaken physical and mental health. In the case when negative conditions are caused by extreme conditions of activity, the development of means of their prevention and regulation is of particular importance. The most significant is the activation of the trigger mechanism for rethinking important aspects of life and creating a positive emotional state for the formation of such mental states that, due to a special internal restructuring of the personality, will contribute to the most optimal use of all mental capabilities of the individual. The purpose of this study, based on theoretical and empirical study of the problem, as well as practical activities, is to determine the effectiveness of the art therapy method (intuitive drawing) in the system of correction of negative mental states of employees of special units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs who participated in hostilities on the territory of the Donetsk People's Republic. The author adheres to the hypothesis that the method of intuitive drawing is effective in use as a method of correcting negative mental states. Allows you to explore the unconscious processes of personality and can contribute not only to the regulation of negative psycho-emotional states, but also relaxation.

JOB STRESSORS AND PERSONALITY TRAITS AS CORRELATES OF JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG SENIOR STAFF OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS EDUCATION AUTHORITIES, EDO STATE, NIGERIA

This study examined the correlation among job stressors, personality traits and job performance of senior staff of Local Government Education Authorities in Edo State of Nigeria. Three hundred and forty senior staff, obtained through purposive sampling technique participated in the study. The Job Stressors, Personality Traits and Job Performance Scale (JSPFJPS), which was validated content-wise adopted to generate requisite data for the study. The study found among others that relationships exist among job stressors, personality traits and job performance of local government education senior staff. It was recommended that there is a pressing need to counsel employees in countering negative personality traits in other to enhance effective job performance in the workplace; and that workshop and seminars on job stressors, personality traits and job performance should be regularly organized so that the public can gain better understanding of the existing relationships among job stress, personality traits, and job performance that interface with sustainable development.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0608/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Effects of Prior Negative Experience and Personality Traits on WeChat and TikTok Ad Avoidance among Chinese Gen Y and Gen Z

While numerous people use social mobile applications, ads within these apps are often avoided. Although the significance of prior negative experience and personality traits in impacting consumers’ perceptions and behaviors has been acknowledged, limited research has explored their influence on ad perceptions and avoidance. This study aims to examine the effects of prior negative experience and personality traits on ad perceptions and ad avoidance of Generation Y (Gen Y) and Generation Z (Gen Z) within two prominent mobile social apps: WeChat and TikTok. An online survey was used to gather data from 353 Chinese Gen Y and Gen Zers who were active users of WeChat and TikTok. Findings from several regression analyses show that prior negative experience is an essential determinant of ad avoidance, influencing not just directly but indirectly by diminishing perceived ad personalization and intensifying perceived goal impediment and ad clutter. Personality traits also significantly affect ad avoidance, with conscientiousness exerting a positive effect, whereas agreeableness has a negative impact. Notably, agreeableness, emotional stability, and openness to experience moderate the associations between ad perceptions and avoidance. Intriguingly, the effects of these factors are platform-specific, with WeChat’s main factor for ad avoidance being erceived goal impediment and TikTok’s main factor being ad clutter. Based on these findings, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Стресс-факторы городской цифровой среды: личностные детерминанты восприимчивости

Background. Modern digital urban environment, as a representation of real urban environment, functions according to the rules of living environment, including its being a real source of stress. The solution of practical tasks to improve the quality of life in the conditions of modern urban environment determine the relevance of research on stress factors of digital urban environment and the study of their possible determinants. Objectives. The study aims to assess the role of personal characteristics of young people, determining subjectively faster reaction to stress factors of digital urban environment. Study Participants. The study involved 619 participants aged from 17 to 25 years (41% males, 59% females), students of colleges and universities of Ekaterinburg. Methods. To study the subjective significance of stress factors of the digital environment, the authors created a specialised questionnaire, which involved the assessment of the 34 proposed stress factors on a scale from 0 to 4 points. The psychodiagnostic techniques HEXACO and “Dark Triad” were used to study personal characteristics of the respondents. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and linear regression analysis were used to process quantitative data. Results. As a result of factorization, 4 groups of stress factors in the digital urban environment as perceived by young people were identified: imperfection of urban digital services and applications; information coercion and security risks; aggressive behaviour and low culture of interaction of subjects in the Internet; aesthetic unattractiveness of urban digital space. Regression analysis made it possible to build statistically significant models for each of the four identified factors. It was found that the main predictors for sensitivity to stressors of the digital urban environment are negative personality traits. Conclusions. The materials of the conducted research indicate the importance of personality characteristics in determining stress reactions of young people to negative factors of digital urban space, but reflect the variability of their impact on stress: weakening the effect of some types of stressors, but at the same time enhancing the effect of other stressors.

Role of Personality, Appearance Comparison, Fear of Negative evaluation in Predicting Social Physique Anxiety among Young Adults

Young adults are prone to concerns about being evaluated as society places a heightened emphasis on appearance comparison. Frequency in anticipating how the bodies are being perceived in societal situations can increase body image concerns and anxiety. The purpose is to investigate the relationship between appearance comparison, social physique anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and personality traits among adults. 201 adults between the ages of 18 and 29 participated in the research. Participants were administered an upward and downward physical appearance comparison scale, a brief big5 personality inventory, a social physique anxiety Scale, and a brief fear of negative evaluation scale. A Pearson correlation study showed that social physique anxiety correlated negatively with agreeableness and positively with fear of negative evaluation, upward and downward appearance comparison, and upward appearance comparison. Multiple regression analysis was computed considering upward appearance comparison, agreeableness and fear of negative evaluation predicting social physique anxiety and downward appearance comparison, agreeableness and fear of negative evaluation predicting social physique anxiety. Findings of study revealed that fear of negative evaluation strongly predicted social physique anxiety and appearance comparison moderately predicted social physique anxiety. These findings imply that it is important to promote healthy social interactions and the development of positive body image.

Dark Triad and Sport Performance among Pakistani Players Mediating Role of Antisocial Behavior: A Conceptual Study

The study will measure the association between dark triad and sport performance among Pakistani players with mediating role of antisocial behavior. The total sample (N= 495) of Pakistani players will be recruited from an affiliation with a university institute, or club, and national players will be selected in this research. The age range will be 18-35 years of participants. Three instruments will be used to collect the data, Short Dark Triad, and Sport Performance Scale. While in this study Antisocial Behavior Scale will be developed and validated. This study will be conducted in two phases. The phase-1 comprised the exploratory sequential mixed methods research design (tool development) used to explore the domains of antisocial behavior, develop, and validate the antisocial behavior scale. While, phase-2, is quantitative and cross-sectional in nature. The methods and procedures adopted for both phases are given separately. Considering the literature review and objectives of the study, three proposed hypotheses will be tested after the data collection. H1: The indigenous antisocial behavior scale will be valid and reliable among Pakistani players. H2: There will be an association of dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) and antisocial behavior with the sports performance of Pakistani players. H3: There will be an influence of dark triad personality (Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy) on the sport performance of Pakistani players with mediating role of antisocial behavior. H4: In the first phase of the study, data will be analyzed through Content Analysis, and in phase 2, the data will be analyzed through SPSS and AMOS to test the psychometrics properties of newly developed Antisocial Behavior Scale, the association between variables and mediation analysis using Structural Equation Modeling. Regarding implications of the study, this study will be helpful for sports psychologists, players, coaches, and sports policymakers. Dark Triad are important personality traits, which can positively and negatively predict sports performance among players. This research will gain the intention of sports psychologists, coaches, and sports policy makers to develop policies regarding personality traits such as dark triad and antisocial behavior. This study recommends to coaches and team selectors during the selection of players, the personality traits of players should also be measured and players who have negative personality traits will be considered for further psychotherapeutic interventions to overcome their negative personality traits, after this so they can enhance their sports performance.

Psychological predictors of asubjectivity

Based on the psychology of subjectivity, the article considers the problem of asubjectivity in the context of the metasystem approach. In this regard, interrelated and specific psychological determinants, factors and interpretive content as separate subsystems explain the phenomenon of asubjectivity. As a result of theoretical analysis, it is shown that the concepts of subjectivity and asubjectivity represent an integrated personality structure. Their polar nature is also defined. The main negative personality traits are labelled as opportunities for the study of asubjectivity. Non-clinical negative personality traits, their multiplicity in the phenomenology of asubjectivity reveal negative influences not only on other people, but also on a person’s own life, activity and spheres of communication. All psychological predictors of asubjectivity are described by generalised dispositional qualities of personality. According to the theoretical analysis, it is concluded that all symptom-complexes of asubjectivity are interrelated; and its core is personality dishonesty and tendency to extreme cynicism. It is argued that only within the framework of the psychology of subjectivity are the socio-psychological problems of asubjectivity resolved. The conclusions of the theoretical study are formulated and prospects for further research in this area are indicated. Conceptualisation of psychological predictors of asubjectivity is a theoretical and methodological basis for prevention and correction of clinical mental disorders of personality.

“Supportive” Friends vs. “Toxic” Friends: Aspects of Friendship Promoting and Hindering Youth Mental Health during Covid-19 Pandemic

This research aimed to explore the factors that promote and hinder youth’s mental health during the pandemic. A total of 151 participants (79% female) aged 18-30 years completed an online survey included open-ended questions about their friendship experience. Thematic analysis using an inductive approach yielded several themes. Social support, communication, quality time, openness, emotional bonds, empathy, guidance, and advice were identified as relational aspects that promote mental health. Lack of social support, ineffective communication, emotional and physical distance, and conflicts were identified as relational aspects hindering mental health. Toxic relationship tendencies, such as judgment and imposition, were also considered detrimental to mental health. Furthermore, personal aspects such as integrity in friendship were perceived as positive for mental health, while certain negative personality traits, negative feelings, and thoughts were seen as harmful. The way young people define supportive friends versus "toxic" friends can differ across contexts other than pandemic.

Childhood Negative Experiences and Personality Traits among Port-Said University Students

Childhood Negative Experiences and Personality Traits among Port-Said University Students

The Role of Basic Personality Traits, Cognitive Coping Strategies in Social Anxiety Symptoms.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the role of personality traits and coping mechanisms in social anxiety symptoms within the scope of predisposing and sustaining risk factors.Methods: The study group consists of 505 participants (female are 52.3%) between the ages of 18-42 studying at different private universities in Istanbul. Data collection tools are Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Basic Personality Traits Scale, Ways of Coping with Stress Scale, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Scale. Results: Within the scope of the study, Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Hierarchical Regression Analysis are used. It is observed that participants with low and high social anxiety symptom level differed in terms of extraversion, agreeableness, openness and negative valence among personality traits; self-confident approach, helpless approach and submissive approach among stress coping styles; and refocusing on the plan, positive reappraisal and catastrophizing among cognitive emotion regulation styles. In addition, as a result of the hierarchical regression analysis, it is found that extraversion, openness and negative valence from personality traits; helpless approach and submissive approach from stress coping styles; and only positive refocusing sub-dimension from cognitive emotion regulation styles predicted social anxiety.
 Conclusion: Results of this study supported the role of personality traits, ways of coping with stress and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in social anxiety symptoms. These data provide evidence that extraversion, openness to experience, negative valence personality traits; helpless and submissive stress coping styles might be both sustaining and predisposing risk factors in the conceptualization of social anxiety symptoms.

The Stigma of Diseases: Unequal Burden, Uneven Decline

Why are some diseases more stigmatized than others? And, has disease stigma declined over time? Answers to these questions have been hampered by a lack of comparable, longitudinal data. Using word embedding methods, we analyze 4.7 million news articles to create new measures of stigma for 106 health conditions from 1980 to 2018. Using mixed-effects regressions, we find that behavioral health conditions and preventable diseases attract the strongest connotations of immorality and negative personality traits, and infectious diseases are most marked by disgust. These results lend new empirical support to theories that norm enforcement and contagion avoidance drive disease stigma. Challenging existing theories, we find no evidence for a link between medicalization and stigma, and inconclusive evidence on the relationship between advocacy and stigma. Finally, we find that stigma has declined dramatically over time, but only for chronic physical illnesses. In the past four decades, disease stigma has transformed from a sea of negative connotations surrounding most diseases into two primary conduits of meaning: infectious diseases spark disgust, and behavioral health conditions cue negative stereotypes. These results show that cultural meanings are especially durable when they are anchored by interests, and that cultural changes intertwine in ways that only become visible through large-scale research.