Negative Gap Research Articles

A Local-level App vs A National-level App: Evaluation of M-Grocery Apps From The UX and The Service Performance Perspective

In Indonesia, the increase in internet users, reaching 215.63 million in 2022-2023, has facilitated the growth of mobile shopping applications like Sayurbox and Beceran, which cater to daily needs such as groceries and fresh food items. Despite receiving high user ratings, these applications face technical issues that could impact user satisfaction and company revenue. This study aims to evaluate the service quality and user experience of the Sayurbox and Beceran applications using the M-S-QUAL and UX Benchmarking methods. The M-S-QUAL method assesses service quality across nine dimensions, while UX Benchmarking evaluates user satisfaction, ease of use, error counts, success rates, and task completion times. The results of UX Benchmarking reveal that Sayurbox has fewer errors and higher user satisfaction compared to Beceran, which has faster loading times but more errors. The M-S-QUAL analysis indicates that both applications have negative gap values in most service attributes, with Sayurbox performing slightly better than Beceran. Sayurbox received a score of -0.25 for the value gap on the M-S-QUAL scale, while Beceran received a score of -0.41 for the value gap.

Ascendancy of coworking space: user perceptions toward workspace features

Purpose This research paper aims to provide recommendations for enhancing the service quality of coworking spaces in Malaysia through effective workplace management. This study emphasizes the importance of avoiding over-promising and under-delivering, prioritizing cleanliness, functionality and customer satisfaction over profit to prevent user attrition. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire surveys were administered to users of selected coworking spaces in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Respondents were asked to assess both their expectations and perceived performance of various coworking space features. The resulting gap scores were then analyzed to develop recommendations for enhancing the overall performance of these coworking spaces. Findings The analysis of the responses indicated that users had higher expectations for “location” and “facilities services,” while the actual service performance in these areas was less satisfactory. Among the nine sub-attributes under “facilities and services,” three (opening hours, coffee and tea corner, café or restaurant) received negative gap scores, significantly affecting overall user satisfaction. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that coworking space managers prioritize the consistent provision and maintenance of these key features to better meet user demands and enhance satisfaction levels. Originality/value This study is innovative in applying a gap analysis approach to coworking spaces, identifying discrepancies between user expectations and actual service performance. This method provides a deeper understanding of the areas that require improvement, contributing to more user-centered coworking space management.

Navigating the precarious path: Understanding the dualisation of the Italian labour market through the lens of involuntary part-time employment

This article investigates the surge in Involuntary Part-Time (IPT) employment in Italy from 2004 to 2019, exploring its impact on various socio-economic groups and adopting a spatial perspective. The study tests the hypothesis that technological shifts, specifically routine biased technological change (RBTC), and the expansion of household substitution services contribute to IPT growth. There is a widening negative gap in IPT prevalence among marginalized groups - women, young, and less skilled workers. After controlling for sector and occupation, the higher IPT propensity diminishes but remains significant, hinting at persistent discrimination. Additionally, segregation into more exposed occupations and sectors intensifies over time. Leveraging province-level indicators, and using a Partial Adjustment model, there is statistical support for RBTC’s correlation with IPT, especially among women. The impact of household substitution services is notably pronounced for women, highlighting sector segregation.

Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Pengguna Aplikasi Pengelolan Persediaan BMD di SMK Negeri 17 Jakarta Menggunakan Metode Service Quality

This study aims to analyze user satisfaction with the inventory management application for Regional-Owned Assets (BMD) at SMK Negeri 17 Jakarta using the SERVQUAL method. The application was implemented to enhance asset management efficiency, but challenges such as data inaccuracies and limited user skills hinder its effectiveness. The SERVQUAL method evaluates five service quality dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy, by measuring the gap between user expectations and perceptions. The findings reveal that all service quality dimensions have negative GAP values, particularly in reliability and tangibles, indicating that the application has not fully met user expectations. Therefore, improvements in system reliability, application design, and technical training are essential to optimize the use of the application for effective asset management in the school.

Analisis Kualitas Website GuruInovatif.id Menggunakan Pendekatan WebQual dan Importance Perfomance Analysis (IPA)

The impact of technology, especially the internet, on human life, including the business sector, has been significant. Websites are now essential for providing information, promoting products/services, and communicating with customers. This study evaluates the quality of the Kaskus website using the WebQual method, which assesses usability, information, and service interaction. The Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method is used for a descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that the GuruInovatif.id Platform falls short of user expectations, with a negative Average Gap Score (GAP) of -0.41. To address this, improvements should be made to relevant indicators and attributes. The study concludes that the perceived quality of the GuruInovatif.id Platform does not meet user expectations, especially in terms of information attributes. Therefore, it is important to prioritize enhancing the level of detail in information. This research aims to assist the management team of GuruInovatif.id in improving service quality, remaining competitive, and meeting community needs and expectations.

Analisa Tingkat Kepuasan Pelayanan pada Aplikasi PLN Mobile dengan Metode Service Quality

This study aims to analyze user satisfaction with the PLN Mobile application using the Service Quality (SERVQUAL) method. PLN Mobile is a digital innovation from PLN, offering services such as electricity payment, token purchase, and e-commerce for electrical equipment. The SERVQUAL method assesses the gap between customers' expectations and perceptions across five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data collection involved questionnaires focusing on users' perceptions and expectations, complemented by direct observations of user interactions with the application. The findings reveal negative gaps across all Service Quality dimensions, indicating that customer perceptions fell short of their expectations. The largest gap was identified in the assurance dimension (-23.2), followed by responsiveness (-16.88). The tangibles dimension also showed significant shortcomings (-8.48), mainly concerning the application's interface and functionality. While the application performed relatively well in terms of reliability and responsiveness, substantial improvements are needed across all dimensions to enhance user satisfaction. These results offer strategic insights for improving PLN Mobile to become more responsive, reliable, and aligned with user needs in the future.

Design of Anti-Hund Organic Emitters Based on Heptazine.

Hund's rule, which is powerful in governing the first excited states of closed-shell organic materials, can hardly be violated to get inverted singlet-triplet gap (INVEST) molecules with negative singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST), although INVEST materials have shown extraordinary photophysical properties and promising device performance especially in light-emitting diodes. Here, we propose a facile strategy to construct emissive INVEST molecules by introducing different types of substituents to heptazine in various modes, which can effectively tune the ΔEST to be negative with the enlarged oscillator strength (f) for the high fluorescence rate of the heptazine derivatives. Systematic computational studies show that the double substitution of electron-donating units with another nonconjugated substituent in hybrid substitution mode is the most favorable way in achieving slightly negative ΔEST and large f values; the conjugated substituent will compete with heptazine to make the molecule deviate from the INVEST feature. Especially, a series of high-performance heptazine-based INVEST emitters were constructed, exhibiting ΔEST low to -0.362 eV, f up to 0.0436, as well as a wide range emission color from 339 to 716 nm. Also, the designed molecules were predicted to have fluorescence radiative rates up to 106 s-1, along with efficient reverse intersystem crossing rates reaching 108 s-1. Importantly, the figure of merit (FM) was first proposed as a parameter to wholly evaluate the performance of INVEST emitters, and the highest FM of 0.198 was found in the triazine and double nonconjugated amine-substituted heptazine. These results highlight the great potential of the heptazine chromophore in constructing INVEST emitters, revealing fundamental structure-property understandings for the material design of efficient anti-Hund organic molecules with improved emission properties.

Analysis of Service Quality Improvement Using Service Quality (SERVQUAL) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Methods (Case Study at PDAM Banggai Regency)

PDAM Kab.Banggai is a service company that has the aim of meeting the needs in the field of clean water must provide the best service. The purpose of this research is to analyze service quality based on customer satisfaction and find out the factors that affect service quality to get a solution to the causes of problems based on service quality. This research will use the servqual method to measure service quality with the level of perceptions and expectations of consumers in the services provided by service providers. Furthermore, the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method is used in measuring the level of importance and performance so that the company can find out the attributes that need to be improved and maintained in service based on a Cartesian diagram and will produce a basis for customer satisfaction. After that, the Fishbone Diagram is used to analyze the consequences by finding and describing the factors that cause the existing problems. Then given the proposed improvements and submitted PDAM to be followed up by PDAM Kab.Banggai. The results of the Service Quality analysis of the quality of service of PDAM Kab. Banggai obtained a negative Gap in the Reliability dimension at attribute B5 (-1.200), in the Responsiveness dimension obtained a negative Gap at attribute C1 (-1.140), at attribute C2 with a negative Gap (- 1.120) and in the Assurance dimension with a negative Gap (-0.560). The results of the analysis using Importance Performance Analysis obtained 4 attributes that are among the top priorities for improvement, namely the attributes contained in quadrant I. The four attributes that are the top priorities for improvement are the ease with which customers can submit complaints online to the PDAM, employees are responsive when answering complaints from customers through online media such as whatsapp, officers contact customers when they cannot fulfill the specified repair promise and the use of PDAM services Kab. Banggai is guaranteed to be safe when making payment transactions. The proposed improvements given to PDAM Kab. Banggai are Attribute D2, namely conducting a re- check before making payment bills to customers, collaborating with third parties such as banks and outlets (indomaret, alfamidi, etc.) and making payment applications directly linked to PDAM accounts so that there is no manipulation during the payment process. Attribute C2 is instilling a sense of responsibility in officers and openness to customers to contact customers as soon as possible if something happens or cannot fulfill the specified repair promise, the need to make SOPs so that they have standard provisions for contacting customers if they cannot fulfill repair promises and provide facilities to contact customers. Attribute C1, namely recruiting Customer Service and implementing a 24-hour work shift system to be available if there are complaints via messages or calls, implementing online complaint services for 24 hours to be responsive to answering customer complaints and providing social media accounts that are always updated to provide information about PDAM and responsive when there are complaints from customers online. Attribute B5, namely implementing a work shift system for officers who are available when there are complaints via messages or calls, implementing online complaint services through social media and providing media for customers to submit complaints online such as providing PDAM contact numbers that are always active 24 hours. For further research, it is hoped that it will be able to research to implement the proposed improvements provided and analyze the quality of service after implementing the proposed improvements provided by the author so that the effectiveness of the services that have been implemented can be known.

Assessment of Healthcare Service Quality and Patient Satisfaction Using the SERVQUAL Questionnaire in Khuzestan Province During 2022 - 2023

Background: Hospital service quality is the primary predictor of a hospital's success, and any decrease in patient satisfaction is a cause for concern for the organization. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the service quality of Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran, based on patient satisfaction measured using the SERVQUAL questionnaire. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 - 2023. Patients over 18 years old who visited the emergency department at Golestan Hospital were evaluated, with the exception of those with mental or multiple chronic disorders. Data collection tools included demographic and SERVQUAL Questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, with a significance level set at less than 0.05. Results: A total of 200 subjects participated in the study, comprising 124 females (62%) and 76 males (38%). The results of the SERVQUAL Questionnaire indicated that the highest score was in the tangibility dimension (4.35), while the lowest score was in the assurance dimension (1.38). Negative gaps between perception and expectation were observed in the responsiveness (-0.99) and empathy (-1.22) dimensions. The mean total scores for expectation and perception were 99.55 ± 5.06 and 92.85 ± 5.5, respectively, with the highest scores observed for reliability. No significant association was found between expectation and perception (P-value > 0.05). However, the reliability of the gap and expectation in males was significantly higher (P-value < 0.05). A direct correlation was found between age and tangibility, Assurance, and total score of gaps (P-value < 0.05). Conversely, a reverse correlation was observed between age and tangibility and the total score in perception (P-value < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis revealed that the Assurance and total score of gaps and expectations were significantly higher in married patients compared to single patients (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: This study revealed a negative gap between patients' expectations and perceptions, highlighting the need for adjustments and improvements in hospital service quality by addressing all five dimensions of service quality.

PROFiT-Net: Property-Networking Deep Learning Model for Materials.

There is a growing need to develop artificial intelligence technologies capable of accurately predicting the properties of materials. This necessitates the expansion of material databases beyond the scope of density functional theory, and also the development of deep learning (DL) models that can be effectively trained with a limited amount of high-fidelity data. We developed a DL model utilizing a crystal structure representation based on the orbital field matrix (OFM), which was modified to incorporate information on elemental properties and valence electron configurations. This model, effectively capturing the interrelation between the elemental properties in the crystal, was coined the PRoperty-networking Orbital Field maTrix-convolutional neural Network (PROFiT-Net). Remarkably, PROFiT-Net demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the dielectric constant, experimental band gaps, and formation enthalpies compared with other leading DL models. Moreover, our model accurately identifies physical patterns, such as avoiding the prediction of unphysical negative band gaps and exhibiting a Penn-model-like trend while maintaining the scalability. We envision that PROFiT-Net will accelerate the development of functional materials.

Servqual analysis in improving customer satisfaction at PT Joie Production Bandung

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of service quality on consumer satisfaction at PT Joie Production, a convection company located in the city of Bandung, Indonesia. The study uses probability sampling with a simple random sampling method, and the sample size is determined using the Slovin formula which produced 58 respondents from a population of 140 consumers in the past year. The data was analyzed using statistical methods to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, as well as measure the quality of service based on the SERVQUAL method. The results of the study show that the overall service quality has a negative average gap of -0.022, indicating that services are generally below customer expectations and unsatisfactory. The highest perception value was in the responsivity dimension of 4.41 and the lowest perception value is reliability of 3,899. Based on the results of interviews with several consumers, it was obtained that price is a consideration, but from the waiting time can be an important thing and the reason why consumers do not continue PT. When complaints are handled properly, customers are more likely to return to transact again, creating stronger loyalty Complaints that are handled well, along with quality service, can significantly increase customer satisfaction levels.

Perceived Quality of Service in Tourist Transportation in the City of Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador

This study investigates the perceived quality of tourist transportation services in Baños de Agua Santa, Ecuador, utilizing the SERVQUAL model to assess service quality. Through an examination of the gap between tourists’ expectations and their actual experiences, the research aims to evaluate service quality. A survey of 203 tourists who utilized the “Chivas” tourist ground transportation service forms the basis of the analysis. The findings reveal significant negative gaps across all dimensions of service quality, indicating a shortfall in meeting tourists’ expectations. Notably, the reliability dimension exhibits the most pronounced gap, highlighting the importance of fulfilling service commitments to cultivate trust. The study underscores the crucial role of service quality in the tourism sector and proposes targeted improvements, including enhancing facility modernity, providing staff training, and enhancing service responsiveness and reliability. Addressing these gaps has the potential to enrich the tourist experience, bolster the positive image of transportation services, and enhance the city’s appeal.

A case report of elevated bromide levels from pyridostigmine bromide for treatment of myasthenia gravis.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Elevated serum bromide levels can cause dermatological, gastrointestinal, and neurological abnormalities. As bromide and chloride are both halogens, bromide may interfere with chloride assays, causing a falsely high serum chloride concentration and a low or negative anion gap. There is a paucity of data describing bromide toxicity from high doses of pyridostigmine bromide (PB). This case report describes a patient with an elevated bromide level with neurological symptoms from a therapeutic dose of PB. A 37-year-old male with myasthenia gravis secondary to type B2 thymoma status following thymectomy presented in myasthenic crisis. He required mechanical ventilation and was managed with steroids, intravenous immune globulin, plasmapheresis, and PB. On day 9, the patient experienced acute agitation. He had an anion gap of 2 mEq/L and a chloride concentration of 109 mEq/L. The plasma creatinine concentration was 0.63 to 1.15mg/dL and urine output was 0.76 to 1.79mL/kg/h throughout his admission. All other laboratory values were normal. The daily dose of PB was 660mg on day 9, but the patient received 76mg of intravenous PB over the first few days of his admission with the largest dose in 24 hours equal to 48mg. On day 10, the patient's bromide level was 37 μg/mL. His agitation was initially managed with quetiapine, followed by PB dose reduction. To our knowledge, there are 2 cases in the literature of bromide toxicity secondary to PB. These patients experienced neurological symptoms with bromide levels of 88 to 90 μg/mL. Bromide concentrations of more than 12 μg/mL are associated with a higher risk of neuronal dysfunction demonstrated as disturbances on an electroencephalogram, and levels greater than 50 μg/mL are considered toxic. While our patient's bromide level was not as high as those previously reported, no other causes for his agitation were identified. Elevated bromide levels from therapeutic PB can occur, and monitoring of these levels should be considered.

Model Kano and Servqual in QFD (Quality Function Deployment) Integration to Improve AHASS Customer Satisfaction

The main actor of the service industry is service performance provided by the company to consumers. Service quality is a relevant concept to be applied and developed in the field of after-sales service in the automotive industry. This research integrates Servqual and Kano models into QFD. Servqual is used to determine the gap between consumer perceptions and expectations using 7 servqual dimensions. Kano's model for classifying consumer retention, QFD, and a link between consumer needs and the service design process requires a HoQ matrix consisting of six elements. Strengthen the determination of technical requirements elements; structured tools are used to find the problem root (gap), namely, the fishbone. The reason for integration is the goal of Servqual is to determine the gap so that the improvement process is only based on the gap value, while the Kano model method is only able to classify VoC based on 5 dimensions but is not yet able to assess performance attributes, so it is integrated into QFD because it can unite consumer desires with the company. This research was conducted at AHASS. The highest negative gap is the availability of brochures and information of -0.89, so the improvement step is to provide updated information boards and socialize brompit application. The HoQ matrix concludes that the technical response with the highest priority, 10.59%, is carrying out periodic performance evaluations. Highest goal of 4.97 is B04, B05, and B06. The highest improvement ratio was 1.22 (availability of brochures or information). Meanwhile, the obtained CSP of 4.66 is E01 and adjust importance score of 15.2 is C04.

Analysis of the Importance Performance Method on the Quality of Outpatient Pharmacy Services at Guntur Hospital, Garut, West Java - Indonesia

Guntur Hospital is a hospital that provides health services and also provides pharmaceutical services. According to Minister of Health Regulation Number 72 of 2016 concerning functions and duties, hospitals must be able to provide quality services. This study aims to determine the level of patient satisfaction with the pharmaceutical services of Guntur Hospital using the five main dimensions of SERVQUAL. Then it is analyzed using importance performance analysis (IPA) to find out items that need to be prioritized for improvement by making a Cartesian diagram and providing recommendations for improving service quality. This research was conducted for 3 months by conducting interviews, observations and questionnaires on outpatients at Guntur Hospital. The research method uses quantitative research with a descriptive approach. Researchers used data collection techniques by observation, interviews, distributing questionnaires and documentation. From the results and discussion, it can be concluded that: The level of customer satisfaction with the quality of services provided at the Guntur Hospital outpatient pharmacy installation, in the dimensions of tangibles, reliability, assurance and empathy, patients stated that they were satisfied with the quality of services provided. Meanwhile, in responsiveness, patients stated that they were not satisfied with the quality of services provided. Then the gap in the quality of pharmaceutical services shows a negative gap value, which means that the expectations of patients in the outpatient pharmacy installation as a whole do not match the patient's perception.

Financial fragility, regime change, and monetary policy in an open economy – A model and empirical application to emerging market countries

July 20, 2023 (Revised April 15, 2024) The experiences of the 1997–98 Asian Financial Crisis and the 2008–09 Global Financial Crisis encouraged economists to develop new open-economy dynamic finance-macro models. Such models allow for nonlinearities -- to study the effects of contractionary currency devaluation -- in contrast to models of expansionary currency devaluation. The generic dynamic model of the finance-macro link in this paper includes the dynamics of the inflation rates, output gap, and financial variables (credit flows, risk premia, and exchange rates). The theoretical model with nonlinearities shows that there can be resilient or non-resilient outcomes of the dynamics. The level of resilience is however dependent on some empirical vulnerabilities. Relevant empirics show the risk premium is related not only to domestic real macro and financial variables, but also to the exchange rate and the foreign currency reserves. Econometrically, this paper explores the regime-dependent interaction of the output gap and financial variables in a two-regime non-linear Logistic Vector Smooth Transition Auto-Regressive (LVSTAR) model with a logistic-type transition function. This empirical study reveals that the financial variables of emerging economies show regime-dependent responses to external shocks. Therefore, a positive shock to the risk premia in a negative output gap regime entails an exchange rate depreciation, and accelerating contractions. Overall, however, a diversity of EM economies are examined in terms of their response to external shocks and their resilience levels. This research also has implications for international portfolio holdings.

Assessing Quality of In-Patient Care and Patients's Expectations Using A SERVQUAL Approach in A Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Background: Patient satisfaction is a key indicator of healthcare service quality and has implications for the growth and success of healthcare organizations. However, there is often a gap between patients’ expectations and perceptions of service quality, which can vary depending on various sociodemographic factors. This study aimed to assess the expectations, perceptions and service quality gap in a tertiary care hospital using SERVQUAL model. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 adult inpatients using a semi-structured questionnaire based on the five dimensions of the SERVQUAL model. The quality gap was calculated as the difference between perception and expectation scores. Results: The study found a significant negative quality gap across all five dimensions, with the largest gaps observed in reliability and responsiveness. The study also revealed that gender, age, and education influenced patients’ perception of service quality, while type of specialty, residence, monthly income, and occupation did not have a significant effect. Conclusion: The study highlighted the need for improving the service quality in the tertiary care hospital, especially in terms of reliability and responsiveness. The study also suggested that healthcare managers and providers should consider the diverse expectations and needs of patients based on their sociodemographic characteristics.

Analysis Of Improving Service Quality At The Ssctelkom Surabaya Institute Of Technology Using The Lean Six Sigma Method

Student Service Centre (SSC) is a center that provides services and information to active students at InstitutTeknologi Telkom Surabaya (ITTS). ITTS provides SSC with academic, student, and faculty services to support its students' academic and non-academic development. One of the main services provided by SSC is the Active Certificate. However, SSC users need help obtaining the letter. This study aims to measure the quality of Active Certificate services using the Lean Six Sigma method and provide recommendations for improvement. The results showed that the quality of SSC services still needs to be improved, with a DPMO value of 289686, a sigma value of 2.07, and the highest negative gap in the Responsiveness dimension. The total Non Value Added time was obtained at 10 hours 31 minutes, and the total Value Added time was 4 hours 8 minutes. Proposed improvements include the deployment of QR Codes to provide information on document requirements and using Value Stream Mapping (VSM) to reduce the time spent on non-value added. Lean Six Sigma method can reduce the total value-added time and improve the efficiency of SSC services.

Analysis of Service Quality Level of Financing in Bank BTN Syariah Using the Fuzzy SERVQUAL Method (Case Study: Financing Unit of Bank BTN Syariah Balikpapan Branch)

Bank Tabungan Negara (BTN) Balikpapan is a financial institution that collects funds from the public and channels them in the form of credit. The objective of this research is to measure the service quality at Bank BTN Syariah Balikpapan using the SERVQUAL, conduct an analysis using the Fuzzy method to obtain single values that represent each attribute of perceptions and expectations, and formulate improvement proposals to enhance the quality of financing services. The highest gap was found in attribute Q1 "Adequate equipment and technology" with a Gap value of 20.66 (137.38%), while the lowest gap in service quality was found in attribute Q21 "Employees who provide personal attention to customers" with a gap value of -48.51 (38.60%). This indicates that attribute Q21 is an important aspect that needs improvement due to the negative gap between customer expectations and perceptions. Furthermore, the overall measurement of service quality in the financing unit yielded an average gap value of -0.77 (Good Enough). Based on the fuzzy Servqual method, several attributes with the lowest negative gaps in the service quality of Bank BTN Syariah were identified. Proposed improvements include conducting Experiential Training to enhance personal relationship approach with customers, adding training with banking knowledge content to improve the financing process, and providing additional rewards to employees who achieve the desired improvements in service.

Estimating time-varying potential output and NAIRU using a multivariate filter for Türkiye

This paper extends the multivariate filter approach for estimating potential output and NAIRU developed for Türkiye by integrating the capacity utilization block into the model. The model gives more negative estimates of the output gap and smaller estimates of NAIRU in recession periods compared to estimates without a capacity utilization block. In addition, applying an alternative model including a broader-defined unemployment rate to Turkish data results in significantly less negative output gap and unemployment gap compared to estimates with the original unemployment rate. The idea of traditional unemployment rate measurements may not adequately capture the cycle conditions of labor market is brought up in this extension.