Negative Relational Consequences Research Articles

“Whey Protein Supplements between Bodybuilders” Health, Risk of Diseases and Myth: A Narrative Review 2010-2024

This narrative review evaluates the most recent studies on the health effects of whey protein (WP) supplements, with a focus on potential risks and negative consequences. WP, which is frequently taken by bodybuilders to gain muscle and lose weight, has been linked to a number of health problems. Twenty-four preclinical and human studies that provide a complete overview of the health effects of WP were included in our comprehensive review after a comprehensive search of various databases. The review provides important findings, including a possible link between WP and kidney and liver damage, changes in bowel activity, acne, effects on bone metabolism, and pancreatic beta cell activity. The above findings highlight the complex nature of the impact of weightlifting on human health, revealing both positive and negative consequences in relation to different situations in diverse contexts. Research suggests that individuals with impaired liver and kidney function, as well as those prone to acne, should be cautious when consuming protein, and polycystic ovary syndrome. However, there may be positive effects on gut activity, bone and muscle metabolism, and pancreatic activity in humans and experimental animals, emphasizing the importance of consuming WP in a balanced manner and calling for more comprehensive research to understand its long-term health consequences.

Soothing the Self-Threat of Idea Theft

The creative process has the potential to increase wellbeing and foster human flourishing (Dolan and Metcalfe, 2012; Forgeard and Eichner, 2014; O’Brien and Murray, 2015; Conner et al., 2018; Kaufman, 2018), yet has received little attention in the humanistic management literature. In this paper, we present three experiments showing that idea originators experience greater relationship conflict with counterparts who have committed perceived “idea theft”, i.e., proposed identical or related ideas. We test a model that identifies a mechanism—self-threat—that mediates the relationship between idea theft and relationship conflict and identifies an intervention to ameliorate that self-threat via self-affirmation. Study 1 demonstrates the idea originator’s attribution of malign attributions to, and negative moral emotions toward, the counterpart. Study 2 demonstrates that idea originators ostracize both those who propose identical ideas and those who propose merely related ideas. In Study 3, evidence for self-threat as the mechanism underlying the negative relational consequences is provided via both a direct test of mediation as well as via moderation by self-affirmation. Our research contributes to the nascent idea theft literature and suggests a way to reduce its negative consequences.

Trouble with big brother: Counterproductive consequences of electronic monitoring through the erosion of leader‐member social exchange

SummaryChanging workplace dynamics have led employers to increasingly adopt electronic monitoring technologies so supervisors can observe and ensure employee compliance and productivity—outcomes the monitoring literature has long supported. Yet, employee productivity depends on strong leader–member social exchange, and the relational consequences of electronic monitoring for supervisor and employee are not well understood. To help resolve this tension within the monitoring literature and add understanding in regard to the effects of electronic monitoring on employee productivity, we use social exchange theory to examine the implications of electronic monitoring for the supervisor–employee exchange relationship. We theorize that electronic monitoring facilitates (rather than inhibits) production deviance and inhibits (rather than facilitates) task performance by undermining the exchange of social benefits and, consequently, eroding leader–member social exchange. Yet, we also hypothesize that supervisors who give performance monitoring data back to employees in a developmental way (i.e., developmental feedback) compensate for the loss of certain social benefits, and, thereby, buffer the negative relational consequences of electronic monitoring. Across an experimental online study and a field study, we find converging support for our predictions and rule out alternative explanations. This research provides timely insights into how to effectively use electronic monitoring without promoting unintended consequences.

Building information relations in the sphere of mining, cryptocurrency and crypto assets on the example of the Kyrgyz Republic

The subjectof the research is the study of mining, cryptocurrency, crypto assets in the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. Relevance. The relevance of the article is due to the presence of gaps in the field of mining, cryptocurrency, crypto assets in the legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. The objectivesof the article are to analyze the areas of mining, cryptocurrency, crypto assets and identify legal problems, as well as make proposals for improving the national legislation of the Kyrgyz Republic. Methodology. The authors use scientific methods: general methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison); special methods (legal, comparative legal).Main results.Problems were identified, such as: lack of legal status of crypto assets, cryptocurrencies; lack of legal status of a cryptocurrency exchange operator; the system of risk management in the field of cryptocurrency is not indicated; lack of detailed study of the legal status of mining; subjects of mining, mining objects, classification of mining, standards for conducting financial transactions are not defined; lack of understanding of the nature of cryptocurrencies, crypto assets and virtual assets; lack of licensing and permitting activities in the field of mining, cryptocurrency, crypto assets; the absence of the category of mining, cryptocurrencies, crypto assets in the State Classifier of Economic Activities; lack of legal status of blockchain in the format of a regulatory legal act and etc. Relevant proposals were given: to finalize and adopt a single regulatory legal act (in the form of a law) in the field of crypto assets, cryptocurrencies, since they are interconnected; establish the legal status of a cryptocurrency exchange operator and introduce licensing and permitting activities (obtaining a license from the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic); develop and adopt a regulatory legal act (in the form of a law) on mining, with a detailed designation of what mining is, its classification, mining object, mining subjects; understand the nature of cryptocurrencies, crypto assets, virtual assets and understand what they can be attributed to, in particular, to money, a product, a medium of exchange, a universal service or other activity; Enshrine in civil law the concepts of cryptocurrency, crypto assets, virtual assets, including the rights and obligations arising from them; add to the Law of the Kyrgyz Republic "On licensing and permitting activities of the system in the Kyrgyz Republic" paragraph 61 of Article 15 - the activity of mining, cryptocurrency, crypto assets; add a category to the State Classifier of Economic Activities - mining, cryptocurrencies, crypto assets; form a working group at the level of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic to study blockchain technology with areas of application, both in the private sector and in the public sector, including smart contracts and etc.Conclusion.Introduce legal regulators in the field of mining, cryptocurrency, crypto assets in the Kyrgyz Republic in order to avoid possible legal gaps that can lead to negative consequences in relation to the state, ranging from various shadow schemes in the economy that can slow down the digital transformation of the country.

Should service firms introduce algorithmic advice to their existing customers? The moderating effect of service relationships

An increasing number of service firms are introducing algorithmic advice to their customers. In this research, we examine the introduction of such tools from a relational perspective and show that the type of relationship a customer has with a service firm moderates his or her response to algorithmic advice. Studies 1 and 2 find that customers in communal relationships are more reluctant to use algorithmic advice instead of human advice than customers in exchange relationships. Study 3 shows that offering customers algorithmic advice may harm communal relationships but not exchange relationships. Building on these findings, Studies 4, 5, and 6 examine how firms can mitigate the potentially negative relational consequences of algorithmic advice. While a fallback option that signals that customers can request additional human advice if needed is effective in preventing relational damages in communal relationships, this same intervention backfires in exchange relationships. These findings have important implications by showing that managers need to consider the relational consequences of introducing algorithmic advice to existing customers.

“Fake News” in Social Networks: Media Practices of Students

With the expansion of the space of online communications and the growth of their social significance, it seems relevant to study the attitude to fake publications, which not only distort the facts, but also generate negative consequences in relation to various aspects of activity. In this regard, theoretical and practical relevance is gained by the study of possibilities to counter fakes, forming, first of all, the ability to identify false information and distinguish it in the flow of news messages among young people as the main consumer of social networking content. The goal of this article is to present the results of an empirical study of the media practices of student audience of Smolensk and their attitude to fake news in social networks. In the course of the study it was determined that the media consumption practices of the regional student audience correspond to national trends: preference of Internet resources, and among them — social networks as sources of news information. At the same time, the goals of using social networks and thematic preferences of students are related not only to the current media agenda, but also to involvement in the educational process and leisure activities, which also reflects the all-Russian characteristics of the media behavior of young people. The study revealed an ambiguous role of online comments in the process of fact-checking a news publication and forming an opinion about the credibility of the news publication. We found that despite a proper understanding of the essential features of fake news and the consequences of its replication in the media, the behavioral impact of fake news was stronger than the impact of real news. The study also revealed that the majority of the regional student audience of social networks demonstrates susceptibility to fake news and has difficulty recognizing it.

Trouble with Big Brother: Counterproductive Consequences of Monitoring through Erosion of LMX

Changing workplace dynamics have led employers to increasingly adopt electronic monitoring technologies so supervisors can observe and ensure employee productivity—an outcome the monitoring literature has long supported. Yet, employee engagement and success depend on strong leader-member exchange (LMX), and the relational consequences of electronic monitoring for supervisor and employee are surprisingly unknown. To help resolve tension within the monitoring literature and add understanding regarding the effects of electronic performance monitoring on employee productivity, we use social exchange theory to examine the implications of electronic monitoring for the supervisor-employee relationship. We theorize that employee electronic monitoring facilitates (rather than inhibits) production deviance and inhibits (rather than facilitates) task performance by eroding the leader-member exchange relationship between supervisor and employee. Acknowledging the potential for electronic monitoring data to be useful to employees, we further argue that supervisors can buffer the negative relational consequences of electronic monitoring by using monitoring data for developmental purposes (i.e., developmental feedback). Across an experimental online study and a field study, we find converging support for our predictions and rule out alternative explanations. This research provides timely insights into how to effectively use electronic performance monitoring without promoting unintended consequences.

Factors associated with an increase in alcohol consumption among users of online social networks in Russia in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic

IntroductionThe various restrictions and physical distancing introduced inRussia in early months of COVID-19pandemic could have a particular impact on people who use alcohol and create new needs for prevention and treatment of associated disorders.ObjectivesThe study was aimed at assessing changes in alcohol consumption among users of online social networks in Russia.MethodsDuring June-September 2020,1518 adult users (18+) of the most popular social networks in Russia (Odnoklassniki, VKontakte,Facebook, Twitter), completed an anonymous online survey regarding alcohol use changes in the first months of COVID-19 pandemic. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate associations of increased alcohol consumption with socio-demographic and pandemic-related factors.Results35.4%of men and 25.6%of women increased their frequency of drinking; 24.9%of men and 17.7%of women increased their typical one-time volume of alcohol consumption,and 28.5% of men and 27.9% of women increased frequency of heavy episodic drinking in the early months of pandemic. After mutual adjustment of independent variables,age18-29 years(OR=1.710;95%CI 1.002-2.917), very strong restrictions of everyday life(3.127; 1.011-9.675)and severe negative consequences in relation to professional or financial situation due to spread ofSARS-CoV-2 (2.247; 1.131-4.465) were positively associated with increase in frequency of drinking. The odds of increase in frequency of heavy episodic drinking were more than twice higher(2.329; 1.001-5.428) among those who experienced severe negative consequences to their professional/financial situation.Higher typical frequency,larger one-time volume of alcohol use,and higher frequency of heavy episodic drinking before pandemic were positively associated with increase of alcohol consumption in early months of pandemic.ConclusionsTimely monitoring of changes in alcohol consumption during pandemic can allow prevention of alcohol-related disorders, including mental disorders, among users of online social networks.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Perceived Autonomy of Participation among Stroke Survivors - A Cross Sectional Study

Background and Objectives Globally stroke results in significant negative consequences in relation to physical functions social participation and overall quality of life. It may undesirably affect the perception of the patient in terms of his autonomy and participation. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the perceived autonomy of participation among stroke survivors.Method The study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee of SDMCMSH. Community dwelling stroke survivors in sub-acute or chronic phases were recruited for participation in the study as per the study criteria. The patientsrsquo responses to Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire IPAQ were used to understand their perception of autonomy and participation.Results Among 105 81- male and 24- female participants who responded to the IPAQ 32.38 reported lsquovery goodrsquo perception of participation while 48.57 reported lsquogood-fairrsquo participation and 19.05 reported lsquopoor-very poorrsquo participation. Mean IPAQ score comparison using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA was significantly better among patients who reported to be independent for self-care in comparison to other categories p 0.0460. Mann-Whitney U test comparing IPAQ scores showed significantly good perception of autonomy in Return-to-work category p 0.0001.Conclusion This study concluded that majority of the study population perceived their participation and autonomy both overall and within all domains as assessed on Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire IPAQ as lsquovery goodrsquo to lsquofairrsquo. Stroke survivors who returned to work and were independent for self-care reported best perception of autonomy.nbsp

When two hearts beat as one: Heart-rate synchrony in social anxiety disorder

Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) experience significant interpersonal impairment. However, little is known about the physiological processes that are associated with interpersonal dysfunction in the disorder. In the present study we examined heart-rate (HR) synchrony in SAD during “getting-acquainted” interactions between opposite-sex partners. Participants included 118 individuals who formed 59 dyads: 30 dyads that included one individual with SAD and one non-socially anxious (NSA) individual (SAD dyads) and 29 dyads that included two NSA individuals (control dyads). Dyads were randomly assigned to either a closeness-generating conversation or a small talk conversation. For closeness-generating conversations, we found that social anxiety was positively associated with HR synchrony in control dyads but negatively associated with HR synchrony in SAD dyads. These results remained when controlling for depressive symptoms and participants’ movement. Our findings suggest that in more intimate social contexts, SAD may impair the ability to create HR synchrony between interlocuters and this can have negative relational consequences. Our findings are further discussed in the context of cognitive behavioral and interpersonal models of SAD, and clinical and research implications are delineated.

Normative Regulation of Expert Liability in Legal Proceedings of the EAEU Member States

A forensic expert, as a participant in legal proceedings, carries out important activities to assist in proving the persons conducting the proceedings, as well as to persons who have a legal interest in the outcome of the case. In order to carry out his functions, he is entrusted with a number of duties, the proper fulfillment of which, in the opinion of the legislator, contributes to the high-quality, complete and objective conduct of an expert study and giving an opinion. The expert’s responsibility is established by various codified normative legal acts of the member countries of the Eurasian Economic Union. Several types of liability are envisaged depending on the severity of the consequences of failure or improper performance by an expert of his duties: criminal, administrative, procedural. Nevertheless, the normative consolidation of the expert’s responsibility today does not allow us to speak about the logic and the validity of the established types of responsibility. Analyzing the specified types of expert’s liability, it can be concluded that in some cases the use of certain negative consequences in relation to the expert is disproportionate, there is a lack of a unified approach in different types of legal proceedings to determining the type of expert’s liability.

Mining and Indigenous Peoples of the North: Assessment and Development Prospects

The main industry in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the mining industry, which will continue to expand in the future. Already today there are quite a lot of investment projects for the development of minerals in the Arctic, North-West and South Yakutia, which will be implemented in the territories of indigenous minorities of the North. Indigenous Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs make up 4.2% of the total population of the republic and are characterized by low genetic diversity, which can lead to negative consequences in relation to their health status when exposed to technogenic pollution. Purpose of the study: assessment of the state of life of indigenous minorities of the North in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) under the conditions of a new stage of industrial development of territories of traditional nature management. The planned increasing industrial development of territories of traditional nature management can cause large-scale disturbances of the earth’s surface, depletion of biological resources, environmental pollution, which will ultimately lead to deterioration in the quality of life of the population. In order to take measures to prevent and reduce the negative impacts of industrial development of the territories of residence and traditional activities of indigenous minorities of the North, when implementing new projects, the expert commission recommends concluding a trilateral agreement on cooperation and financing of specific programs between industrial companies, government bodies of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and authorized representatives of indigenous minorities of the North. Research area—the position of indigenous minorities of the North in the conditions of industrial development of the North, Siberia and the Far East. This study looks at the impact of industrial development on the natural environment and the traditional way of life of indigenous population. Compensation for damage to the nomadic tribal communities of reindeer herders has taken place. Only about 250 thousand representatives of 40 indigenous peoples live in these regions, who are included in the official list of indigenous minorities of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

Cyber and traditional peer victimization: Examining unique associations with children’s internalizing difficulties

Peer victimization leads to a number of negative developmental outcomes. Although many studies have explored cyber victimization impacts in adolescent samples, few have analyzed unique negative consequences in relation to younger children. To that end, the purpose of the present study is to examine the associations between cyber victimization and internalizing problems, alone and in combination with traditional victimization. Using a sample of 3rd through 5th grade students, structural equation modeling results reveal that traditional victimization was significantly related to depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and lower self-esteem; however, cyber victimization was not related to any of these outcomes of interest. Several gender and grade level differences were also found. Although a notable portion of the sample reported exposure to cyber victimization, traditional forms of victimization were more common. Implications for school-based prevention and intervention efforts are discussed.

The Effect of Under- and Over-Benefited Support Gaps on Hurt Feelings, Esteem, and Relationships

Although the supportive communication people receive from others during stressful times can be helpful, it can also result in negative outcomes. One explanation for these different effects might be how closely the support people receive matches their desires. This study extends optimal matching theory and examines how the discrepancy between the support people want and what they receive (called support gaps) corresponds with hurt feelings, perceived negative relational consequences, and esteem improvement. People can either receive less support than the desire (i.e., be under-benefited) or receive more support than they desire (i.e., be over-benefited), and these different types of support gaps produce distinct patterns of results. Specifically, action-facilitating support, which includes informational and tangible support, and nurturant support, which includes emotional, esteem, and network support, were studied. Results showed that being over-benefited in informational support and being under-benefited in emotional and esteem support is hurtful, and hurt corresponded with negative relational consequences and reduced esteem improvement. Implications for research on support gaps and hurt feelings are discussed.

Understanding im/politeness across cultures: an interactional approach to raising sociopragmatic awareness

AbstractPoliteness is an important aspect of communication, particularly across cultures where misunderstandings can have very negative relational consequences. Yet while various approaches to politeness in the context of second language learning have been developed, such approaches have either been largely atheoretical in their conceptualisation of politeness or have employed models that do not adequately capture participant understandings of politeness across cultures. In this paper, it is argued that an approach encompassing participant understandings of politeness is a more appropriate starting point for raising sociopragmatic awareness about im/politeness across languages and cultures. An interactional approach whereby raising pragmalinguistic awareness about the interactional achievement of particular meanings and actions in interaction is combined with raising sociopragmatic awareness about what underlies evaluations of those meanings and actions as im/polite is advocated. It is argued that raising sociopragmatic awareness in this way provides learners with the means to analyse differences between the politeness systems of their first and second languages, thereby allowing them to make more informed choices in regards to both constituting their L2 identities as well as their relationships with others.

Rural road-induced sedimentation: Severity and local perception in the Phewa Watershed, Kaski District, western Nepal

The aim of this research is to estimate sediment source and its severity in the Phewa watershed resulted from rural roads construction, and to evaluate local people's perception towards it. A total length 63 km in twenty five rural roads accounts up to 269752 ml of sediments with 4292.00 ml per kilometer in average. Similarly the rural road-induced landslides contribute about 25593 ml sediments with average of I024 ml per landslide. This signifies the severity of sedimentation problem posed by unplanned rural road construction. The people living in the rural road areas have positive responses towards rural transportation and other socio-cultural dimensions. However, it has several negative consequences in relation to conservation of upstream and downstream infrastructures and social values. The amounts of sediments resulting from the road construction and associated landslides are threatening. It warrants for concerted efforts to reduce sediment load by implying environmentally sound construction techniques, policy and process.

Attachment and daily sexual goals: A study of dating couples

AbstractThis research provides the first empirical investigation of how both partners’ attachment orientations contribute to daily sexual goals. Both members of 84 dating couples who attended a large urban university on the West Coast in the United States completed a measure of attachment orientation, and 1 member completed a measure of sexual goals for 14 consecutive days. Analyses showed that attachment anxiety was associated with engaging in sex to please one’s partner and express love, whereas attachment avoidance was associated with engaging in sex to avoid negative relational consequences and was negatively associated with engaging in sex to express love. Daily sexual goals were also associated with the partner’s attachment orientation. Gender moderated many of these associations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Perceived Face Threat of Honest but Hurtful Evaluative Messages in Romantic Relationships

The current investigation applied Face Management Theory to the study of honest but hurtful (HBH) evaluative messages within romantic relationships. Evaluations concerning the state of the relationship were found to be more face-threatening than those concerning one's personality, physical appearance, or behaviors. Also, the greater the perceived face threat, the greater the hurt and the greater the negative relational consequences reported. The results suggest face threat is associated with partners' responses to HBH evaluative messages and that both relational satisfaction and self-esteem serve to function as buffers against face threat. The findings indicate Face Management Theory as a promising theoretic framework for the study of hurtful messages.

The role of national culture and organizational climate in safety training effectiveness

Using data from 68 organizations embedded within 14 nations, we examined hypotheses concerning the moderating roles of national culture and organizational climate on the transfer of training to the work context. A dimension of national culture, uncertainty avoidance, moderated the transfer of safety training with regard to reducing accidents and injuries; and organizational safety climate moderated the transfer of safety training with respect to both engaging in safe work behaviour and reducing accidents and injuries. Along with discussing the implications of a positive safety climate, we discuss how the tendency within a culture to avoid uncertainty may paradoxically lead to greater uncertainty and negative consequences in relation to the transfer of safety training.

Culture and social support.

Social support is one of the most effective means by which people can cope with stressful events. Yet little research has examined whether there are cultural differences in how people utilize their social support networks. A review of studies on culture and social support presents evidence that Asians and Asian Americans are more reluctant to explicitly ask for support from close others than are European Americans because they are more concerned about the potentially negative relational consequences of such behaviors. Asians and Asian Americans are more likely to use and benefit from forms of support that do not involve explicit disclosure of personal stressful events and feelings of distress. Discussion centers on the potential implications of these findings for intercultural interactions and for the use of mental health services by Asians and Asian Americans.