Negative Consequences In Daily Life Research Articles

Commercial Use of Emotion Artificial Intelligence (AI): Implications for Psychiatry.

Emotion artificial intelligence (AI) is technology for emotion detection and recognition. Emotion AI is expanding rapidly in commercial and government settings outside of medicine, and will increasingly become a routine part of daily life. The goal of this narrative review is to increase awareness both of the widespread use of emotion AI, and of the concerns with commercial use of emotion AI in relation to people with mental illness. This paper discusses emotion AI fundamentals, a general overview of commercial emotion AI outside of medicine, and examples of the use of emotion AI in employee hiring and workplace monitoring. The successful re-integration of patients with mental illness into society must recognize the increasing commercial use of emotion AI. There are concerns that commercial use of emotion AI will increase stigma and discrimination, and have negative consequences in daily life for people with mental illness. Commercial emotion AI algorithm predictions about mental illness should not be treated as medical fact.

The Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale and the Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief: The Italian Validation of Two Instruments for Meaning-Focused Assessments of Bereavement

Background: Bereavement is an inevitable event that can cause pain, discomfort, and negative consequences in daily life. Spirituality and religiosity can help people cope with loss and bereavement. Sometimes, however, the death of a loved one can challenge core religious beliefs and faith, which has been found to be a risk factor for prolonged mourning. Objectives: (1) Determine whether the Italian versions of the Integration of Stressful Life Experiences Scale (ISLES) and Inventory of Complicated Spiritual Grief (ICSG) are valid in translation; (2) Evaluate the impact of socio-demographic variables on ISLES and ICSG dimensions; (3) Test whether Complicated Spiritual Grief mediates the relation between meaning reconstruction after loss and integration of the loss experience; (4) Test whether the representation of death as a form of passage or annihilation further moderated the relation between Complicated Spiritual Grief and integration of the loss. Methods: The sample is composed of 348 participants who had lost a loved person in the prior two years. Results: The ISLES and ICSG were validated in Italian and are more appropriately interpreted as having a unifactorial structure. A greater spiritual crisis was manifested in participants with less education, who did not actively participate in religious life, and who had lost a friend rather than a close relative. As hypothesised, spiritual struggle in grief mediated the role of continuing bonds, Emptiness and Meaninglessness, and Sense of Peace in predicting integration of the loss. Furthermore, death representation moderated the impact of spiritual grief on loss, such that those participants who viewed death as a form of annihilation rather than passage reported greater integration of the loss. Conclusion: The role of meaning making in integrating significant loss is partly accounted for by spiritual struggle in a way that can be analysed in Italian contexts through the use of these newly validated instruments.

Comparison of Internet Addiction Level of Sports Science Faculty Students in Accordance with Some Variables

Background: Internet addiction, which has become a global social issue, can be broadly conceptualized as an inability to control one’s use of the Inter-net which leads to negative consequences in daily life. Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare internet addiction levels of sports science faculty students in Çanakkale 18 Mart University according to some variables. Methods: 205 voluntary students that are currently receiving education who were between 19-25 age participated in this research. Internet Addiction Scale developed by Şahin and Korkmaz was used as a data collection tool. SPSS package was used in data analysis. For determining whether the data had a normal distribution or not, ‘’Kolmogorov-Smirnov’ test were used and ‘’Anova-Homogenety of variance’’ test were used for the homogeneity of data and as a result of these tests the data were determined to have a normal distribution and a homogeneity. Descriptive statistics, Independent Sample t-test and One-Way variance analysis were conducted in data analysis. Results: As a result of statistics, in scale size comparison according to gender variable, significant differences were determined in negativity in social relationship dimension and there were no significant differences in control loss and desire for staying online more. According to departments of students, there were no statistically significant differences determined in desire for staying online more and negativity in social relationships. Conclusion: In conclusion, there were similarities and differences determined between internet addiction levels of students according to departments which they received education and gender variable of students in Sports Science Faculty. These differences may be due to intentions of internet use, increasing need for internet use, and varying education styles that students receive from different departments. Keywords: Internet Addiction, University, Sports Science, Student, Athlete

Characteristics of Internet Use amongst Italian University Students.

Problematic Internet use (PIU), that may be defined as the inability to control one's use of Internet with negative consequences in daily life, is an emerging problem involving primarily, but not only young generations. Different studies have shown that students are particularly vulnerable to PIU. Given the paucity of information on PIU in our country, the aim of this paper was at investigating the characteristics of PIU amongst Italian University students. A self-assessment questionnaire, referred by the acronym QUNT ("Questionario sull'Utilizzo delle Nuove Tecnologie"), composed by 101 items grouped together to identify a series of factors, was developed and sent through e-mail invitation to several students from three Italian Universities. The returned questionnaires were 3324, out of a total of 51,304 sent, with no difference between the two sexes. On the contrary, the distribution of the QUNT factors was different in the two sexes, in people living alone and in overweight subjects. Men resulted to be more involved in online recreational activities, whereas women seemed more attracted to instant messaging and generally to social networks. PIU was significantly more present in men than women. The comparisons of QUNT factor scores in the four BMI categories showed that the greater the BMI the greater the score of some factors. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of Internet through new technologies may exceed its real utility amongst Italian university student, with some sex-related differences. Men seem more prone to use Internet for passing time and women for social relationships. Men are also at risk of developing PIU. Again, Internet use might be a basic vulnerability factor of increasing weight gain and obesity amongst young people.

Students growing up with a chronically ill family member; a survey on experienced consequences, background characteristics, and risk factors

BackgroundStudents living with a chronically ill family member may experience significant pressure, stress, and depression due to their caregiving situation. This may also lead to them delaying or dropping out of school when the combination of being a caregiver and their education program are too demanding. This survey study aims to explore the consequences for students of bachelor or vocational education programs when they are growing up with a chronically ill family member and the influence of various background characteristics and risk factors.MethodsA survey was sent to 5997 students (aged 16–25 years) enrolled in bachelor or vocational education programs in the north of the Netherlands. The content of the survey was based on a literature study and consultation with experts. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 1237 students (21%) responded to the survey. A sub group of 237 (19%) students (mean age 21(2.2); 87% female) identified themselves as growing up with a chronically ill family member. More than half (54.9%) of these students indicated that they experienced negative consequences in daily life. A significant association (OR .42, p < .02) was found for these consequences and the level of education for which attending vocational education yields a higher risk. In addition, growing up with a mentally ill family member was associated with a 2.74 (p = .04) greater risk of experiencing negative consequences in daily life compared to students living with a family member with a physical disorder or multiple disorders.ConclusionSince a substantial number of students growing up with a chronically ill family member indicate serious physical, mental, and social consequences as a result of this care situation, awareness for this specific age-group is needed. Students with a mentally ill family member and students undertaking vocational education appear to be especially at risk. Further research is required in order to gain insight that is more in-depth into the exact type of problems that these students encounter and the specific needs that they have regarding support.

Shining a light on the neural signature of effortful listening

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate a possible neural correlate of effortful listening. Hearing-impaired individuals report more listening effort than their normally hearing peers, with negative consequences in daily life (e.g., increased absenteeism from work). Listening effort may reflect neuro-cognitive processing underlying the recovery of meaning from a degraded auditory signal. Indeed, evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) suggests that the processing of degraded speech is associated with increased activation in cortical areas outside the main auditory regions within the temporal lobe. However, acoustic scanner noise presents a serious methodological challenge in fMRI. This challenge can potentially be overcome using fNIRS, a silent, non-invasive brain-imaging technique based on optical measurements. In the current study, we used fNIRS to confirm the finding that attentive listening to degraded (noise-vocoded) speech leads to increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG), compared to a clear-speech control condition. In contrast, robust activation in the auditory cortices was unaffected by speech clarity or attentional focus. Our results support the suggestion that the LIFG plays a role in compensating for degradation to the speech signal. Furthermore, fNIRS may hold promise as a flexible tool to examine the neural processes underlying effortful listening.

P-67 * INTERNET ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL ONLINE SURVEY OF ADULTS IN JAPAN

Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) can be broadly conceptualized as an inability to control one's use of the Internet which leads to negative consequences in daily life. In recent years, internet addiction began to be dealt with as mental illness in the world of science by relating to various psychological issues. The aim of this study was to investigate depressive symptoms in adults of addictive internet use, and to assess the effect of the various internet applications use on the IAD severity. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among participants registered for the opinion poll survey of Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan. The questionnaire contained demographic information, the use of various internet applications, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Japanese version of Internet Addiction Test (JIAT). Of the 310 respondents, the mean age was 40.1 (SD = 12.4). Mean JIAT score was 50.06 (SD = 15.21), and mean SDS score was 40.04 (SD = 6.40). Correlation coefficients of SDS score with JIAT score was 0.212 (P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that JIAT score was associated with hours spent on web browsing (P < 0.001) and online chat (P = 0.033). More research is needed to clarify the issue.

Problematic Use of the Mobile Phone: A Literature Review and a Pathways Model

Despite its unambiguous advantages, cellular phone use has been associated with harmful or potentially disturbing behaviors. Problematic use of the mobile phone is considered as an inability to regulate one's use of the mobile phone, which eventually involves negative consequences in daily life (e.g., financial problems). The current article describes what can be considered dysfunctional use of the mobile phone and emphasizes its multifactorial nature. Validated assessment instruments to measure problematic use of the mobile phone are described. The available literature on risk factors for dysfunctional mobile phone use is then reviewed, and a pathways model that integrates the existing literature is proposed. Finally, the assumption is made that dysfunctional use of the mobile phone is part of a spectrum of cyber addictions that encompasses a variety of dysfunctional behaviors and implies involvement in specific online activities (e.g., video games, gambling, social networks, sex-related websites).

Problematic Use of the Internet and Self-Regulation: A Review of the Initial Studies

Problematic Internet Use (PIU) is considered as an inability to control one's use of the Internet, which eventually involves negative consequences in daily life. Among the various psychological factors potentially involved in the development of PIU, the role of poor self-regulation capacities (e.g., high impulsivity and sensation seeking, low inhibitory control, poor decision-making abilities) has recently received increased attention. Although the number of studies currently available on this topic remains limited, our aim here is to review their findings. After briefly defining PIU and discussing the main instruments which have been developed to assess it, this article describes the studies that have investigated the relations between PIU and self-regulation. Their heterogeneous findings are discussed and avenues for future research are provided.

Arabic validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS)

BackgroundThe popularity of using the Internet and related applications has grown in Arabic countries in recent years. Despite numerous advantages in terms of optimizing communications among individuals and social systems, the use of the Internet may in certain cases become problematic and engender negative consequences in daily life. As no instrument in the Arabic language is available, however, to measure excessive Internet use, the goal of the current study was to validate an Arabic version of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS).MethodsThe Arabic version of the CIUS was administered to a sample of 185 Internet users and exploratory and confirmatory analyses performed.ResultsAs found previously for the original version, a one-factor model of the CIUS had good psychometric properties and fit the data well. The total score on the CIUS was positively associated with time spent online.ConclusionThe Arabic version of the CIUS seems to be a valid self-report to measure problematic Internet use.

Psychological Predictors of Problematic Involvement in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games: Illustration in a Sample of Male Cybercafé Players

Background: Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) are video games in which a large number of players interact with one another in a persistent virtual world. MMORPGs can become problematic and result in negative outcomes in daily living (e.g. loss of control on gaming behaviors, compromised social and individual quality of life). The aim of the present study is to investigate psychological predictors of problematic involvement in MMORPGs. Sampling and Methods: Fifty-four males who played MMORPGs regularly were recruited in cybercafés and screened using the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (which assesses 4 facets of impulsivity) and the Motivation to Play Online Questionnaire (which assesses personal motives to play online). Negative consequences due to excessive time spent on the Internet were assessed with the Internet Addiction Test. Results: Multiple regression analysis showed that problematic use of MMORPGs is significantly predicted by: (1) high urgency (b = 0.45), and (2) a motivation to play for immersion (b = 0.35). Conclusion: This study showed that, for certain individuals (who are characterized by a proneness to act rashly in emotional contexts and motivated to play to be immersed in a virtual world), involvement in MMORPGs can become problematic and engender tangible negative consequences in daily life.

未知相貌の誤認を呈した１例

There have been a number of recent reports in the English literature regarding false recognition of unknown faces, although it has attracted little attention in Japan. The false recognition of unknown faces may have severe negative consequences in daily life, and this condition should be investigated in more detail. Here, we report a patient who showed false recognition and misidentification of unknown faces. The patient, a 37-year-old right-handed woman, had suffered right cerebral infarction due to Takayasu arteritis at the age of 16. The patient showed mild unilateral spatial neglect and mild impairment of recognition of familiar faces, but showed no signs of anosognosia or anosodiaphoria for false recognition. Neuropsychological investigations suggested that her symptoms may be due to a delayed information processing speed regarding faces. The patient's impairment has been ameliorated by continuous instruction urging her to think carefully before coming to a conclusion regarding the identities of faces. We also present a review of the literature regarding false recognition of unknown faces.

Premenstrual symptomatology: role of prior knowledge about premenstrual syndrome.

Most women have some premenstrual symptoms that may be influenced by diverse environmental factors. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of knowledge about premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in the reports of women and their symptoms. We studied 86 healthy Mexican women whose highest level of education was sixth grade. Participants were assigned to one of two groups. The experimental group watched a videotape describing PMS and its negative consequences in daily life. The control group watched a videotape describing the menstrual cycle. The Menstrual Distress Questionnaire was administered to all women during the first week after menstruation, after which they were shown their designated videotape, and the questionnaire was administered again after the next menstruation. In the control group, there were no significant differences in premenstrual symptoms reported both before and after the women watched the videotape. However, women in the experimental group reported more severe premenstrual symptoms after watching the videotape. These results suggest that after observing the videotape, women's expectancies of negative symptoms in the premenstrual phase increased. Thus, the symptoms reported by these women were enhanced.