Negative Consequences Research Articles

Study of the Genetic Mechanisms of Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) Adaptation to the Climatic and Pest Outbreak Stresses Using Dendrogenomic Approach

A joint analysis of dendrochronological and genomic data was performed to identify genetic mechanisms of adaptation and assess the adaptive genetic potential of Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) populations. The data obtained are necessary for predicting the effect of climate change and mitigating its negative consequences. Presented are the results of an association analysis of the variation of 84,853 genetic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms—SNPs) obtained by double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) and 110 individual phenotypic traits, including dendrophenotypes based on the dynamics of tree-ring widths (TRWs) of 234 individual trees in six natural populations of Siberian stone pine, which have a history of extreme climatic stresses (e.g., droughts) and outbreaks of defoliators (e.g., pine sawfly [Neodiprion sertifer Geoff.]). The genetic structure of studied populations was relatively weak; samples are poorly differentiated and belong to genetically similar populations. Genotype–dendrophenotype associations were analyzed using three different approaches and corresponding models: General Linear Model (GLM), Bayesian Sparse Linear Mixed Model (BSLMM), and Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK), respectively. Thirty SNPs were detected by at least two different approaches, and two SNPs by all three. In addition, three SNPs associated with mean values of recovery dendrophenotype (Rc) averaged across multiple years of climatic stresses were also found by all three methods. The sequences containing these SNPs were annotated using genome annotation of a very closely related species, whitebark pine (P. albicaulis Engelm.). We found that most of the SNPs with supposedly adaptive variation were located in intergenic regions. Three dendrophenotype-associated SNPs were located within the 10 Kbp regions and one in the intron of the genes encoding proteins that play a crucial role in ensuring the integrity of the plant’s genetic information, particularly under environmental stress conditions that can induce DNA damage. In addition, we found a correlation of individual heterozygosity with some dendrophenotypes. Heterosis was observed in most of these statistically significant cases; signs of homeostasis were also detected. Although most of the identified SNPs were not assigned to a particular gene, their high polymorphism and association with adaptive traits likely indicate high adaptive potential that can facilitate adaptation of Siberian stone pine populations to the climatic stresses and climate change.

Pre- and postsynaptic signatures in the prelimbic cortex associated with "alcohol use disorder" in the rat.

The transition to alcohol use disorder (AUD) involves persistent neuroadaptations in executive control functions primarily regulated by the medial prefrontal cortex. However, the neurophysiological correlates to behavioral manifestations of AUD are not fully defined. The association between cortical neuroadaptations and behavioral manifestations of addiction was studied using a multi-symptomatic operant model based on the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for AUD. This model aimed to characterize an AUD-vulnerable and AUD-resistant subpopulation of outbred male Wistar rats and was combined with electrophysiological measurements in the prelimbic cortex (PL). Mirroring clinical observations, rats exhibited individual variability in their vulnerability to develop AUD-like behavior, including motivation to seek for alcohol (crit 1), increased effort to obtain the substance (crit 2), and continued drinking despite negative consequences (crit 3). Only a small subset of rats met all the aforementioned AUD criteria (3 crit, AUD-vulnerable), while a larger fraction was considered AUD-resilient (0 crit). The development of AUD-like behavior was characterized by disruptions in glutamatergic synaptic activity, involving decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and heightened intrinsic excitability in layers 2/3 PL pyramidal neurons. These alterations were concomitant with a significant impairment in the ability of mGlu2/3 receptors to negatively regulate glutamate release in the PL but not in downstream regions like the basolateral amygdala or nucleus accumbens core. In conclusion alterations in PL synaptic activity were strongly associated with individual addiction scores, indicating their role as potential markers of the behavioral manifestations linked to AUD psychopathology.

Development of a codebook for the narrative analysis of in-hospital trauma interviews of patients following stroke.

Given their sudden onset and life-threatening consequences, strokes and transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) can trigger posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To gain a deeper understanding of the potential influence of factors in patients' descriptions of these medical events on PTSD, we conducted a standardized trauma interview with a convenience sample of patients hospitalized for suspected stroke/TIA (N = 98) to assess the details and emotional experience of the stroke/TIA event. Three researchers reviewed the interviews and the research literature on risk and protective factors for PTSD. From this analysis, a codebook with descriptions, examples, and scoring protocols for eight Likert scale, two categorical, and four binary codes was developed. Upon demonstrating sufficient interrater reliability, the research team scored all narratives. Three superordinate themes were identified in the analysis: distress (e.g., fear, helplessness), potential protective factors (e.g., positive expectancies, concern for loved ones), and level of detail (e.g., somatic detail, emotional detail). Differences in perceptions, themes, and expectations emerged in the narratives, indicating a wide range of responses following stroke/TIA. Additionally, patient age was negatively correlated with scores for the fear, r = -.34, p <.001, and negative consequences, r = -.24, p =.018, codes and positively associated with the likelihood of having positive expectancies, OR = 1.05, 95% CI [1.00, 1.10], p =.039. These findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of how patients reflect on their experiences post-stroke/TIA and can inform future research on the contributions of trauma narrative characteristics and emotional responses to PTSD risk.

Understanding the severity of attachment injury-related stress symptoms via the reasons for forgiveness and unforgiveness identified by injured romantic partners

IntroductionFailure to provide comfort and care to a romantic partner in a moment of need for support can result in feelings of betrayal and abandonment, and impact trust. This type of relationship trauma is referred to as an attachment injury, which can have negative psychological consequences for the injured partner and for some, it is more difficult to adjust. It appears that forgiveness favors reconciliation in couples who have experienced an attachment injury, whereas unforgiveness can prevent its resolution. But, are the reasons for forgiving or not forgiving a partner associated with adjustment to an attachment injury in injured partners? ObjectivesThis mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) study aimed to (1) identify the reasons for forgiving and not forgiving an attachment injury and to organize these reasons into themes, and (2) examine the associations between the forgiveness and unforgiveness themes and the severity of injury-related stress symptoms. MethodA total of 84 participants who forgave and 50 who did not forgive their partner provided reasons for their decision and completed a measure of injury-related stress symptoms. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis and multiple regressions. ResultsSeven themes of reasons for forgiveness and eleven themes of reasons for unforgiveness were identified. The forgiveness theme Strong partner commitment to repairing the injury on the part of the injuring partner was associated with lower injury-related stress symptoms, whereas the forgiveness theme I understand my partner and/or the context in which the injury occurred was associated with higher injury-related stress symptoms. The themes of reasons for unforgiveness were not significantly associated with injury-related stress symptoms. ConclusionThis study provides a foundation for the development of a psychosocial model of forgiveness and unforgiveness among partners who experienced an attachment injury in their romantic relationship.

EAP and ECPCP urge ban on novel nicotine- (NNCPS) and non-nicotine-containing products (NNDS) to youth.

We want to verify the correlation between the increasing use of novel nicotine-containing products (NNCPs) and non-nicotine delivery products (NNDPs) among young individuals and the escalating negative health consequences, necessitating their prohibition. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the most relevant literature about the utilisation of NNCPs and NNDPs among young individuals and their health effects. Despite being initially seen as less harmful alternatives, for smokers aiming to quit, these products have become more popular due to misleading marketing claims. Teenagers using NNCPs and NNDPs, despite having no smoking history, are more likely to transition to tobacco smoking. Consistent use can lead to health issues like pulmonary damage, asthma, and cardiovascular and ocular problems. The EAP and the ECPCP endorse the WHO's appeal to outlaw these hazardous products. They urge European governments to forbid the sale of NNCPs and NNDPs to children and adolescents in order to safeguard their well-being. They also propose specific recommendations (box4) to support this cause.

A New Test for Evaluating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in Nurses

Introduction During the COVID-19 pandemic, many health care workers were involved and suffered significant physical and psychological strain, and nursing was one of the main players. Clearly and objectively establishing the psychological impact on nurses during the pandemic is necessary for long-term recovery and to be prepared for new outbreaks in the future. Aim The aims of this study were to evaluate the perceived impact on nurses at risk of psychological stress at work during a major health care crisis and determine the psychological impact and its influencing factors. Methods An online questionnaire was designed and distributed between April 9 and April 19, 2020, in Spain. The comprehensive self-conducted questionnaire included demographic information and the Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score. For the analysis, descriptive statistics, logistic regressions, and receiver operating characteristic curves were determined. Results A total of 825 nurses (33% working in intensive care units and emergency departments) answered the questionnaire. A logistic regression analysis revealed that nurses with higher psychological stress scores experienced more physical overload (P = .02), higher psychological overload (P &lt; .01), poor teamwork (P = .02), more distress due to new circumstances (P &lt; .01), more personal impact of how society responded to COVID-19 (P &lt; .01), anticipation of negative future consequences (P &lt; .01), and worse balance between family and work (P &lt; .01). The area under the curve for the cutoff point of Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score 40 was 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.79-0.91), with 70% sensitivity and 81% specificity. The positive predictive value was 72%, and the negative predictive value was 80%. Conclusion Psychological Stress and Adaptation at work Score is a rapid and accurate test for evaluating the psychological well-being of health care staff that can be used when crisis prevents the use of conventional stress diagnosis methods. Higher psychological impact was observed in nurses who worked in the intensive care unit and in the hospital ward.

Unplanned Births and Their Effects on Maternal Health: Findings from the Constances Cohort

Unplanned births remain relatively common, even in regions with high contraceptive prevalence and accessible abortion services, such as contemporary France. Previous studies have shown that unplanned births can have numerous negative consequences for the well-being of mothers and children, including poorer maternal health behaviors, delayed and insufficient prenatal care, and depression during or immediately after pregnancy. However, these studies do not provide conclusive evidence on whether the observed outcomes are a consequence of unplanned births or of the conditions in which they likely occur. Furthermore, scant attention has been given to other dimensions of maternal well-being, such as physical health.This study uses longitudinal data from the French Constances Cohort and applies fixed-effects event study models to examine how women’s self-rated general health and risk of depressive symptoms are affected in the years following an unplanned birth. Results show that women who had an unplanned birth reported a sudden, significant drop in their general health in the year following the birth, particularly among the youngest, while health outcomes following planned births showed a gradual, slight decrease over the time-period considered. The risk of depressive symptoms increased similarly after birth for both unplanned and planned births. This study contributes to the literature by using a longitudinally constructed measure of unplanned births based on pre-birth fertility intentions, rather than commonly used retrospective measures prone to ex post rationalization. It also distinguishes between unwanted and mistimed births while further examining their consequences on medium-term maternal health.

Asymmetric semiochemical-mediated interactions of Monochamus spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and associated bark beetles in Portugal and Canada.

Some coniferophagous bark and woodboring beetles overlap spatially and temporally in host trees. These larval interactions have been classified as competitive and predatory in favor of the larger and more mobile woodborer larvae. In some bark beetles, larval traits have been reported that facilitate evasion of woodborer larvae. Both bark beetles and woodborers mediate mating on host material with volatile pheromones. Although it is known that some woodborers eavesdrop on bark beetle aggregation pheromones to facilitate host location, it is not known what effect woodborer pheromones have on bark beetles. The pheromone monochamol is used by most Monochamus spp. Dejean and coniferophagous species from this genus co-occur with bark beetles in host tissues. Because of the negative consequences these larval interactions have for bark beetles, we hypothesized that the woodborer pheromone monochamol would inhibit captures of sympatric and synchronic bark beetles to intercept traps baited with their aggregation pheromones and host volatiles. We tested this hypothesis in 2 systems, 1 in Ontario, Canada, and another in Setúbal, Portugal with field trapping experiments. Trap captures of Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (2 bark beetle species captured in Portugal), and Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (1 bark beetle species captured in Canada) were reduced by the presence of monochamol. These results suggest that an additional evasion mechanism in some bark beetles is the detection of the woodborer pheromone monochamol and subsequent reduced response to aggregation pheromone and host volatiles in the presence of this woodborer pheromone.

ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE: NATURAL HISTORY, MANAGEMENT AND NOVEL TARGETED THERAPIES.

Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide and the primary cause of advanced liver disease. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, frequently relapsing condition characterized by persistent alcohol consumption despite its negative consequences. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) encompasses a series of stages, from fatty liver (steatosis) to inflammation (steatohepatitis), fibrosis, and, ultimately, liver cirrhosis and its complications. The development of ALD is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors, yet the exact mechanisms at play remain unclear. Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), a severe form of ALD, presents with sudden jaundice and liver failure. Currently, there are no approved targeted therapies able to interfere in the pathogenesis of ALD to stop the progression of the disease, making alcohol abstinence the most effective way to improve prognosis across all stages of ALD. For patients with advanced ALD who do not respond to medical therapy, liver transplantation is the only option that can improve prognosis. Recently, AH has become an early indication for liver transplantation in non-responders to medical treatment, showing promising results in carefully selected patients. This review provides an update on the epidemiology, natural history, pathogenesis, and current treatments for ALD. A deeper insight into novel targeted therapies investigated for AH focusing on new pathophysiologically-based agents is also discussed, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress drugs, gut-liver axis modulators, and hepatocyte regenerative molecules.

Effects of intensive and conventional farming on oxidative stress and meat quality biomarkers in holstein and simmental cattle

This study investigates the intricate factors influencing meat quality, including breed, rearing conditions, and processing, with a primary focus on oxidative stress in Holstein Friesian and Simmental cattle within conventional and intensive production systems. A notable difference in oxidative stress was found between animals subjected to intensive-farming versus conventional practices, with Holstein cattle showing a more pronounced antioxidant gene response than Simmental. The analysis revealed that intensive rearing conditions resulted in increased DNA repair activity and expression of stress-response proteins like heat shock proteins, suggestive of greater cellular damage and an adaptive stress response. Muscle tissue analyses, revealed a clear distinction in gene expression associated with meat quality between the breeds and the type of farming system. A negative correlation emerged between oxidative stress levels and genes related to muscle development, which affects meat quality. Intensive farming conditions altered the expressions of apoptotic proteins, impacting meat quality at the molecular level. These results underscore the profound effect rearing conditions have on meat quality, driven by stress-related molecular responses. This highlights the need for further research into the influence of husbandry practices on animal welfare and meat quality, with the intention of developing strategies to mitigate the negative consequences of intensive-farming.

MONETARY INSTRUMENTS IN ADDRESSING ECONOMIC CRISES: EFFECTIVENESS AND CHALLENGES

This article aims to investigate the anti-crisis reforms of the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve System (FRS) of the United States during the global financial crisis, the pandemic period, and the worsening of the military conflict in Ukraine. The study showed a significant decline in inflation due to the reduced demand for goods and services in the first two crises. Under these conditions, the Fed needed unprecedented measures to soften its policy. Repo rates fell to their lowest level during the 2008 crisis but rose during the pandemic, indicating a significant demand for these instruments to ensure stability. Since the 2008 crisis and pandemic, the easing policy has led to an increase in Fed assets. This has significant implications for the ability of monetary policy to respond to today's challenges and has led to the need for very careful control of assets. But in 2022, the Fed had to take measures to curb inflationary trends, in particular raising the discount rate.The regression analysis carried out in the article demonstrates a significant impact of monetary instruments on the consumer price index, which indicates the effectiveness of those methods used by the Fed. The article analyzes the use of traditional and non-traditional monetary policy tools of the Fed in different economic conditions and the possible risks and negative consequences of the use of non-traditional tools, such as quantitative easing and very low interest rates. Although these techniques can support the economy in a crisis, their risks need to be taken into account. The findings contribute to the knowledge of monetary policy as a management tool and provide stakeholders with valuable insights for future strategizing.

INTRODUCTION: Africa's quest for inclusion: Trends and patterns

Social inclusion is a multifaceted concept and is a critical pillar for transformative economic development. Its opposite, social exclusion entails the lack of or denial of resources, rights, goods and services, and the inability to participate in normal relationships and activities, available to people in a society, whether in economic, social, cultural, or political contexts. It affects the quality of life of individuals, the equity and cohesion of society and the lived experiences of citizens (Levitas, Pantazis, Fahmy, Gordon, Lloyd, &amp; Patsios, 2007). Social inclusion, considers the terms of engagement of individuals and or groups in society, assessing the ability of the system to improve the capability, opportunity, and dignity of those disadvantaged based on their identity (World Bank, 2024). The inability of individuals or communities to make meaningful and consistent contributions reflects their exclusion. Exclusion can be based on age, gender, occupation, ethnicity, race, religious beliefs, citizenship, disability, or sexual orientation (World Bank, 2024). There are differing levels of exclusion. When exclusion is deep, it is characterised by a lack of access to one or more domains resulting in severe negative consequences to quality of life, well-being, and future life chances (Levitas et al., 2007).

THE USE OF DIGITAL MARKETING FOR OPTIMIZING THE LOGISTICS SUPPLY CHAIN AND COST CONTROL

The aim of the research is to analyse the relationship between digital marketing and delivery failures and identify opportunities for optimization.The research employed the methods of statistical analysis, correlation analysis, comparative analysis, and analysis of metrics.The conducted research determined that one of the main challenges of the supply chain is failures caused by various reasons (lack of skills, diseases, transport failures, adverse weather conditions, cyber attacks, etc.). Disruptions often lead to delivery failures. The reasons for this often do not depend on the companies and bring significant negative consequences, in particular, in the form of losses, loss of reputation, and decreased customer loyalty. The study revealed that digital marketing indicators are positively correlated with non-delivery indicators. In particular, Social media interactions and Failures to deliver (0.75), Social media likes and Failures to deliver (0.74), Social media interactions and Biweekly Failures to deliver volume (0.78), Social media likes and Biweekly Failures to deliver volume (0.78). It was assumed that this state of affairs may be determined by increased demand due to digital marketing, for which companies may not always be ready. Insufficient preparedness can lead to disruptions because of supply chain congestion.

Perceived Supervisor Support and Academic Procrastination in Postgraduate Students: Roles of Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Learning Engagement

Academic procrastination is a common problem among postgraduate students, one that has caused negative consequences that cannot be ignored. Therefore, finding out how to effectively eliminate academic procrastination behavior has become an essential task in educational practice. Based on the use of Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explore the relationship between the perceived supervisor support and academic procrastination of postgraduate students, a total of 448 questionnaires were gathered from postgraduate students across China. The results showed significant correlations between the perceived supervisor support, basic psychological needs satisfaction, learning engagement, and academic procrastination of postgraduate students. The relationship between the perceived supervisor support and academic procrastination of postgraduate students was mediated by basic psychological needs satisfaction and learning engagement. Additionally, basic psychological needs satisfaction and learning engagement played a chain-mediating role between the perceived supervisor support and academic procrastination of postgraduate students. The findings of this study contributed to the enhancement of the interaction between supervisors and students in higher education and improving the quality of postgraduate education.

An Empirical Analysis of Africa Continental Free Trade Area Economic Growth Prospects in the SADC Region: Evidence Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag-PMG Estimation Techniques

Inter-SADC trade relations of indebted small countries and their potential of ushering economic growth from AfCFTA are unclear in both the short and long run. The study aims to empirically examine if there are AfCFTA economic growth prospects for SADC nations in the short and long term through an examination of the trade openness-economic growth nexus, and how the external debt impacts economic growth. A panel of eight SADC countries is used from a period spanning 1996-2022. The study employs Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation techniques. The findings suggest that trade openness impacts economic growth positively at the 1% level in the long run, whereas external debt impacts economic growth negatively at the 1% level in both the long and short run. The study also finds that causality runs from economic growth to trade openness and is unidirectional. SADC nations are urged to minimise the overreliance on external debt in the funding of domestic consumption needs as it has negative consequences on economic growth in the long term.

“It Was a Complete Violation of Everything”: LGBT + Veterans’ Experiences of Discrimination and Oppression Through the Exemptive UK Military “Gay Ban” Policy

Abstract Introduction This is the first empirical study carried out in the UK to examine the devasting impact of the policy to ban all gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender personnel under exemptive military laws and their resultant support needs as military veterans. The so-called “gay ban” policy was enforced with the rationale that homosexuality was incompatible with military service. Methods In the UK between 2021 and 2022, 15 LGBT + veterans took part in semi-structured interviews and 101 LGBT + veterans completed an online survey. The findings were triangulated to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the “gay ban” policy. Results Three key overarching themes were identified: Emotional Impact, Changing to Adapt and Adapting to Change and Aftermath: Barriers to Help-Seeking. Conclusions Social cohesion, established during military service, was limited upon leaving the Armed Forces and LGBT + veterans reported feeling a loss of their identity and the ability to foster social relationships. The policy ban facilitated discrimination and harassment, causing emotional distress, mental ill health, social isolation and limited access to appropriate support following transition. Policy Implications Despite the lifting of the “gay ban” policy over 20 years ago, how inclusivity is represented in a historically heteronormative institution is unclear. The “gay ban” policy was weaponised with strategic power, leading to long-term, negative psychological consequences for those who were disempowered by the ban. Therefore, it is essential that confidence is restored, and that policy and institutional-level changes recognise the historical harm for the future of LGBT + military personnel and veterans. These findings will help to raise awareness and increase knowledge and, in turn, contribute to improving access and engagement with service provision and support.

Analysis of the internal environment when creating an innovative university

Subject. The article discusses the creation of innovative universities. Objectives. The purpose is to analyze the internal environment in the formation of an innovative university and to investigate the factors of resistance to organizational changes. Methods. The survey was attended by scientific and pedagogical staff of two innovative universities: 170 people from the Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship of the National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod and 50 people. from the economics faculties of the Nizhny Novgorod Branch of the Higher School of Economics. Results. We analyzed internal environment and studied organizational changes aimed at creating new social mechanisms and channels of interaction with the State, industry and society. Furthermore, we considered the factor of resistance to organizational changes and the possibility of its reduction. The paper presents the results of diagnostics of the resistance force in two universities. Conclusions. The leading organizational factor (prerequisite) for the emergence of resistance is an imperfect system of organizational communications. The priority task of university management is to create an operational and objective system for informing employees about the goals, methods and results of changes. The most significant psychological reasons for the emergence of resistance are the fear of negative consequences of changes and misalignment of changes with traditional academic values.

The assessment of antioxidant potential of Olea europaea and Ocimum basilicum and their comparative and combine study

Many chronic diseases, such as cancer and diabetes, are connected to the negative consequences of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ocimum basilicum or basil is a plant that is high in eugenol and vitamin K and is recognized for its antioxidant qualities. Research has indicated that basil possesses strong anticancer properties, impacting multiple biological processes like autophagy, cell cycle regulation, inflammation management, apoptosis, and metastasis suppression. Analogously, Olea europaea (olive) is acknowledged for its hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant characteristics. Because of their anticancer properties, the polyphenols included in olive leaves have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy against specific forms of cancer. At doses of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively, the Olea europaea extract demonstrated dose-dependent antioxidant activity with scavenging rates of 45%, 66%, and 83%. At the same concentrations, the Ocimum basilicum methanolic extract demonstrated antioxidant action as well, with scavenging rates of 11%, 43%, and 49%. Notably, both plants’ methanolic extracts showed increased antioxidant activity when combined. At doses of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL, the combined extracts demonstrated scavenging activities of 42%, 49%, and 71% using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. This study's main goal is to assess the combined antioxidant capacity of methanolic extracts made from the leaves of Ocimum basilicum and Olea europaea. The results indicate that Ocimum basilicum and Olea europaea combination therapy considerably suppresses DPPH free radicals. With potential therapeutic effects, this combined therapy may be instrumental in scavenging free radicals that lead to the development of cancer.

Empowering Medical Students to Address Patient-Initiated Mistreatment at the Transition to Residency: An Education Quality Improvement Study.

Mistreatment from patients is prevalent and has far-reaching negative consequences. To develop a practice-based curriculum on patient-initiated mistreatment and examine participant perceptions before and after the curriculum. Single medical school in the United States. 306 senior medical students from classes 2022 and 2023. A single patient-initiated mistreatment session delivered during specialty-specific residency preparation courses (RPCs) featuring a literature discussion, a response framework, and patient-actor skills practice. Between February 2022 and October 2023, 22 sessions occurred. Electronic surveys were delivered before, following, and approximately eight months after each session. A total of 257 (84.0%) and 174 (56.9%) participants completed pre- and post-session surveys, respectively. Significant increases in mean scores were noted for confidence in recognizing mistreatment (pre-session 4.25, post-session 4.68; p < 0.001) and comfort in addressing mistreatment personally (pre-session 2.86, post-session 4.30; p < 0.001) and as a bystander (pre-session 2.98, post-session 4.27; p < 0.001). In the follow-up survey, participants noted that the session was useful in preparing them for residency. A novel patient-initiated mistreatment curriculum empowered students, resulting in enhanced confidence in responding and sustained skill usage. Medical schools may consider including this training for all graduating students.

Lifetime Adversity and Risky Substance Use among Transgender Emerging Adults: Selected Interventions and Clinical Social Work Practice

AbstractThis study investigated multivariate relations between indicators of lifetime adversity and past year risky substance use reported by an Internet-recruited sample of transgender emerging adults from the United States (N = 248, age M = 22.61 years). Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) documented the canonical correlation between canonical variates in this sample (.362), as well as the amount of shared variance (13.1%) between set of variables representing lifetime adversity and past year risky substance use. Examination of the standardized canonical coefficients and structure coefficients highlighted the important contributions of (a) past year drug use and negative consequences of substance use to the synthetic criterion variable and (b) lifetime intimate partner violence to the synthetic predictor variable. Information generated in this study about how specific observed variables contributed to canonical variates may be used to tailor trauma-informed selected interventions in clinical socialwork practice with transgender emerging adults who report substance use problems.