Needle Cast Research Articles

Douglas Fir Seed Sources Tested for Christmas Trees in Connecticut

Douglas fir, Pseudotsuga Menziesii (Mirb.) Franco, is a popular Christmas tree in the Northeast. In 1976 trees from 11 geographic sources ranging from British Columbia to southern Arizona and New Mexico were planted in a replicated design and managed as a commercial plantation. Information was also obtained on 10 seed sources grown on a commercial tree farm. All sources were hardy in the Connecticut plantings. In general, trees from southern Rocky Mountain sources were bluer, and grew faster than those from northern sources, but they were also more susceptible to attack by Cooley gall aphid, Adelges cooleyi (Gill), and rhabdocline needle cast fungus, Rhabdocline pseudotsugae (Syd.)

Distribution, Severity, and Impact of Swiss Needle Cast in Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees in Western Washington and Oregon

Distribution, Severity, and Impact of Swiss Needle Cast in Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees in Western Washington and Oregon

Impact of Swiss Needle Cast on Postharvest Hydration and Needle Retention of Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees

Etude sur des Pseudotsuga menziesii cultives pour la production d'arbres de Noel, de l'influence de Phaecryptopus gaeumannii sur la chute et la deshydratation des aiguilles apres la coupe

Distribution, Severity, and Impact of Swiss Needle Cast in Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees in Western Washington and Oregon

Distribution, Severity, and Impact of Swiss Needle Cast in Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees in Western Washington and Oregon

Impact of Swiss Needle Cast on Postharvest Hydration and Needle Retention of Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees

Impact of Swiss Needle Cast on Postharvest Hydration and Needle Retention of Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees

The mycoflora in the needles of pines of various age (Pinus sylvestris L.)

In the course of investigations of the mycoflora found in the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. in connection with needle cast or under different ecological conditions (such as air pollution), isolations were made from needles of different ages taken from pines of various age.The needles were attacked to varying degrees. Thirty‐two species of fungi were isolated, the most frequent of which were Lophodermium seditiosum, Sclerophoma pithyophila, Lophodermium pinastri, Cenangium ferruginosum, Naemacyclus minor, Coniothyrium fuckelii, Anthostomella rhemii and one species which did not sporulate in culture.The frequency of the occurrence of the fungi depended on the age of the needle, the age of the host tree and also on local conditions and peculiarities. The average number of isolated species increased with the age of the needles. Lophodermium pinastri occurred predominantly on older needles which could mean that this funga probably plays a secondary role.Observations in dual cultures led to the conclusion that there are great differences in the ability to influence the growth of other fungi. On an artificial medium Lophodermium pinastri and Cenangium ferruginosum showed distict activities in this respect.

Rhizosphaera oudemansii (Sphaeropsidales) associated with a needle cast of Spanish Abies pinsapo

Samples of diseased Spanish fir, Abies pinsapo Boiss., were collected in the summer of 1981 in the Sierra del Endrinal (Cadiz, Spain). Healthy and diseased needles were studied using both direct (needle sections, scanning electron microscopy,...) and culture techniques, including needle washing and surface sterilization treatments. Rhizosphaera oudemansii Maubl. small pycnidia were observed on diseased needle stomata and its Hormonema Lagerb. et Melin cultural state showed a great predominance in diseased needle cultures. Spore contamination was detected in healthy branches, and the Hormonema state was accompanied by Aureobasidium Viala et Boyer. Superficial mycelium developed on green needles from diseased branches and R. oudemansii grew internally in brown needles and produced numerous pycnidia on the stomata. Rhizosphaera oudemansii development suggests a participation of this fungus in A. pinsapo needle cast. Its growth and fructification in A. pinsapo needles is described and its pathogenic role is discussed.

Needle Cast of European Larch Caused byMycosphaerella laricinain Wisconsin and Iowa

Needle Cast of European Larch Caused by<i>Mycosphaerella laricina</i>in Wisconsin and Iowa

Control of Swiss Needle Cast on Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees with Aerial Applications of Chlorothalonil

Control of Swiss Needle Cast on Douglas-Fir Christmas Trees with Aerial Applications of Chlorothalonil

Fungi infecting Pinus sylvestris needles of various ages

AbstractThe studies were carried out in three 8–11 year old stands of Pinus sylvestris in Southwestern Poland. They included the isolation of fungi from infection spots which were sampled after 1, 1, 5 and 2, 5 years on living needles developed in 1978 on lower and upper branches of tree crowns. There were 28 fungal species isolated from such needles. An attempt was made to evaluate the role of the 5 most numerous species in causing needle cast of Pinus sylvestris.

Rhabdocline pseudotsugae subsp. pseudotsugae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Rhabdocline pseudotsugae subsp. pseudotsugae . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pseudotsuga menziesii, P. menziesii var. caesia, P. menziesii var. glauca . DISEASE: Needle cast, needle blight or mottled needle cast. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Europe (Finland, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, Norway), North America (Canada: British Columbia, USA: Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Oregon, Washington). TRANSMISSION: by air-borne ascospores in wet or humid weather.

Lophodermella conjuncta . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermella conjuncta . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus mugo, P. nigra var. maritima, P. sylvestris . DISEASE: Pine needle blight leading to premature needle cast in plantations. No common name. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Estonian SSR, Finland, Great Britain, Sweden, Switzerland).

Naemacyclus minor . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Naemacyclus minor . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus caribaea, P. contorta, P. flexilis, P. jeffreyi, P. montana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. patula, P. ponderosa, P. radiata, P. sabiniana, P. strobus, P. sylvestris, P. uncinata, P. wallichiana . DISEASE: Premature needle cast in nursery and plantation. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Kenya, Malawi, Morocco, South Africa, Tanzania), Asia (Pakistan), Australasia (Australia, New Zealand), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Switzerland), North America (USA: California, Michigan, Pennsylvania, Canada: Ontario), South America (Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Uruguay). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid or wet weather.

Prüfung von Douglasien‐Herkünften auf Resistenz gegen Rhabdocline pseudotsugae in Infektionsversuchen

Abstract Testing of Douglas‐fir provenances for resistance against Rhabdocline pseudotsugae by infection trials. Sixten Douglas fir provenances belonging to the three groups green, grey and blue, were tested for their resistance against the needle cast pathogen Rhabdoclline pseudotsugae in artificial infection trials.

Lophodermium pinastri . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium pinastri . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus spp. ; a very wide range of Diploxylon (two-three needle) pines; has been recorded occasionally on Haploxylon (five needle) pines. DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Lophodermium pinastri inhabits green needles on the tree producing no symptoms. When the needles senesce and fall to the litter, the fungus fruits. It causes no significant damage to the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe, western USA including Washington, Australia, New Zealand, Japan. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet weather/humid conditions.

Lophodermium conigenum . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium conigenum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Mainly Diploxylon (two-three needle) pines, including Pinus brutia, P. densiflora, P. montana, P. mugo, P. nigra , P. resinosa, P. sylvestris, P. tabuliformis, P. contorta, P. halepensis, P. pinea and P. radiata . Has also been recorded from Haploxylon (five needle) pines. DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Lophodermium conigenum inhabits green needles on the tree, producing no symptoms. When a branch bearing such needles is killed by an agent other than the fungus, L. conigenum fruits seprophytically on the needles. It causes no significant damage to the tree. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe, a couple of records from the USA (east coast and Michigan) where it is apparently not common, New Zealand. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet weather/humid conditions.

Lophodermium seditiosum . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium seditiosum . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus sylvestris, P. resinosa, P. nigra, P. montezumae, P. halepensis, P. virginiana . Probably on other pines also. DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Lophodermium seditiosum is the serious Lophodermium pathogen; it infects young needles and kills them, causing discoloration and often 'drooping' symptoms. When attack is severe the seedling or young tree may die. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in Europe, USA (notably Christmas tree growing areas including Michigan, Oregon and Washington). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet weather/humid conditions.

Lophodermium australe . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium australe . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus tarda, P. patula, P. palustris, P. kesiya, P. elliottii, P. caribaea . DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Lophodermium australe appears to be completely saprophytic, inhabiting needles in dhe litter or attached to branches killed by some agent other than the fungus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Southern USA (and Hawaii), Central America, the Caribbean Islands, Brazil, Zambia, West Malaysia, Philippines, Australia, Fiji. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet weather/humid conditions.

Lophodermella sulcigena . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermella sulcigena . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pinus sylvestris, P. mugo, P. nigra var. maritima, P. contorta . DISEASE: Pine needle blight, leading to premature needle cast; 'Swedish pine cast'. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe. Records from Czechoslovakia, Estonian SSR, Finland, Germany, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, UK, USSR, Yugoslavia. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid/wet weather.

Lophodermium nitens . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Lophodermium nitens . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Haploxylon (five needle) pines, including Pinus cembra, P. monticola, P. strobus and P. lambertiana . DISEASE: Needle cast of pines. Darker (1932) considered this species to fruit only on older needles. It is, therefore, unlikely to be of commercial importance. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (USA, Canada); Japan; possible records from Europe. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in wet weather/humid conditions.