Need Of Various Applications Research Articles

Functionalised graphene oxide-based nanofiltration membranes with enhanced molecular separation performance

ABSTRACT Nanofiltration membranes with fast water permeability and good separation efficiency along with acceptable stability are an urgent need for various applications. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) is functionalised with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using different ratios (0.01, 0.02, and 0.03). The Ag NPs have been prepared from orange peel extractive by a green chemical method. The GO/Ag NPs functionalised membranes (ratio 0.03) with thickness ~385 ± 10 nm exhibit an excellent selectivity for various dye molecules with good water permeance, i.e. methylene blue (99 ± 1% rejection and permeability ~287 ± 10 L.m−2.h−1.bar−1), crystal violet (rejection 99 ± 1% and permeability 862 ± 10 L.m−2.h−1.bar−1), safranin O (rejection 99 ± 1% and permeability 625 ± 10 L.m−2.h−1.bar−1) etc. Further, the GO/Ag NPs functionalised membrane (Thickness ~385 ± 10) has been used for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN), and the membrane exhibits high separation efficiency up to ~97% for several dye molecules in methanol solvent along with good permeance (530 ± 20 L.m−2.h−1.bar1). Besides this, these membranes are stable under different conditions for up to ~70 days. We hope that the good separation efficiency and high permeance of GO/Ag NPs composite membranes can be utilised in various wastewater treatment, desalination, and organic solvent nanofiltration applications.

Development and potential applications of gelatine, honey, and cellulose electrospun nanofibres as a green polymer

Nanofibres have emerged as a brilliant technology to be applied in various areas due to their excellent properties that include having a great flexibility, prominent specific surface area and structural strength. Electrospinning is one of the most effective and favourable methods to fabricate nanofibres mainly because electrospun nanofibres have been demonstrated to possess small pore sizes, large specific surface area, and can be produced with different functions to fill the need of various applications in industries. Due to their remarkable properties, electrospun nanofibres have been proven to be suitable for applications in food packaging, medical, pharmaceutical and even in tissue engineering. Currently, there have been numerous research utilising both electrospun synthetic and natural polymers. Natural or green polymers are considered more favourable due to their biodegradable properties and potential biocompatibility. Therefore, there has been a shift to include more research regarding these green polymers. Green polymers can source from both plant polysaccharides and animal protein. Considering the different characteristics of synthetic polymers, the processing and fabrication methods may differ and must be adjusted accordingly. To well summarise the development of these green polymer nanofibres, we review fabrication methods of gelatine, honey and cellulose-based nanofibre and their potential applications in industries. There are indeed numerous promising areas for the usage of these green polymers which are based on their splendid individual properties especially when combined to form nanofibres via electrospinning. We hope this will promote continuous research and development for the applications in various industries including but not limited to tissue engineering, biomedical, food and pharmaceutical industries.

Survey on Homomorphic Encryption and Address of New Trend

Encryption is the process of disguising text to ensure the confidentiality of data transmitted from one party to another. Homomorphic encryption is one of the most important encryption-related processes which allows performing operation over encrypted data. Using different public key algorithms, homo-morphic encryption can be implemented in any scheme. There are many encryption algorithms to secure operations and data stor-age, which after calculations can obtain the same results. While there is a considerable contribution and enhancement in the field of homomorphic encryption for various performance metrics, there is still an necessity to clarify the applications dealing with this technology. Recently, many distinguished research papers have been filed to address the need for various applications of homomorphic encryption. Recently, many distinguished research papers have been filed to address the need for various applications of homomorphic encryption. Example of these applications but not limited to : Vehicle to Vehicle (v2v) secure communication, cloud security, Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET), Blockchain, E-Voting, Data mining with privacy preserving and healthcare sector. This article aims to introduce a literature survey to close the gap in homomorphic encryption systems and their applications in the protection of privacy. We focus on above-mentioned applications and present our recommendations for future work.

Pipette Petri Dish Single-Cell Trapping (PP-SCT) in Microfluidic Platforms: A Passive Hydrodynamic Technique

Microfluidics-based biochips play a vital role in single-cell research applications. Handling and positioning of single cells at the microscale level are an essential need for various applications, including genomics, proteomics, secretomics, and lysis-analysis. In this article, the pipette Petri dish single-cell trapping (PP-SCT) technique is demonstrated. PP-SCT is a simple and cost-effective technique with ease of implementation for single cell analysis applications. In this paper a wide operation at different fluid flow rates of the novel PP-SCT technique is demonstrated. The effects of the microfluidic channel shape (straight, branched, and serpent) on the efficiency of single-cell trapping are studied. This article exhibited passive microfluidic-based biochips capable of vertical cell trapping with the hexagonally-positioned array of microwells. Microwells were 35 μm in diameter, a size sufficient to allow the attachment of captured cells for short-term study. Single-cell capture (SCC) capabilities of the microfluidic-biochips were found to be improving from the straight channel, branched channel, and serpent channel, accordingly. Multiple cell capture (MCC) was on the order of decreasing from the straight channel, branch channel, and serpent channel. Among the three designs investigated, the serpent channel biochip offers high SCC percentage with reduced MCC and NC (no capture) percentage. SCC was around 52%, 42%, and 35% for the serpent, branched, and straight channel biochips, respectively, for the tilt angle, θ values were between 10–15°. Human lung cancer cells (A549) were used for characterization. Using the PP-SCT technique, flow rate variations can be precisely achieved with a flow velocity range of 0.25–4 m/s (fluid channel of 2 mm width and 100 µm height). The upper dish (UD) can be used for low flow rate applications and the lower dish (LD) for high flow rate applications. Passive single-cell analysis applications will be facilitated using this method.

To Propose a Mobility Based Reconfigurable System under Disaster Management in WSN

In this work, it proposes mobility based dynamic reconfiguration system in WSN. In this work, it uses the concept of dynamic reconfiguration routing protocol that achieves the need of various applications and also various network conditions. In this work, an environmental data collection scenario is taken. In this, all nodes are in dynamic nature and moves randomly. All nodes are communicating with each other as well as from head nodes. There is a direct communication between head & nodes. It provides a multi-hop routing based on shortest path in wireless networks. It provides a complete path with the loss of some packets. In this work, a controller is designed which is used to control the movement and location of nodes. Before disaster occurred, all nodes changed their location for security. As disaster under control, there may get back to their locations. But in this, some localization error is present but its value is less than 3% which is very efficient.

XRFID: Design of an XML Based Efficient Middleware for RFID Systems

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology can automatically and inexpensively track items as they are moved through the supply chain. This can automate the whole updating and management system, thereby making the system work with a much smaller workforce and reducing the error that can occur because of interference by human beings. One of the major advantages RFID provides is that it does not require direct physical contact with the objects and also does not require the object to be placed in its ‘Line-of-Sight’. This has given it an edge over other auto-identification systems, like bar-codes. The recent proliferation of RFID tags and readers would require dedicated and very efficient middleware solutions that manage readers and process the vast amount of captured data according to the need of various applications. RFID middleware is the software sitting in between various RFID readers and the enterprise applications. Extracting meaningful information out of huge amount of scan data is a challenging task. In this paper we like to analyze the requirements and propose a design for such an RFID middleware. This paper demonstrates how to enable the middleware to handle a large amount of RFID scan data and execute business rules in real-time. The conventional existing middleware solutions show dramatic degradation in their performance when the number of simultaneously working readers increases. Our proposed solution tries to recover from that situation also. One of the major issues for large scale deployment of RFID systems is the design of a robust and flexible middleware system to interface various applications to the RFID readers. Most of the existing RFID middleware systems are costly, bulky, non-portable and heavily dependent on the support software. Our work also provides flexibility for easy addition and removal of applications and hardware.

Fabrication of molecular sieve fibers by electrospinning

Molecular sieves, such as zeolites and mesoporous materials, have been widely used in the fields of catalysis, adsorption, ion-exchange, and are finding new applications in optics, electronics, magnetism, medicine, etc. Molecular sieves with different morphologies or aggregation states, such as spheres, films, and fibers have been prepared to fulfil the need for various applications. Electrospinning offers a simple and straightforward way for generating ultrafine fibers with diameter in the range of nanometres to micrometres from a variety of materials. In recent decades, electrospinning has been introduced to prepare molecular sieve fibers. In this review, fibrous molecular sieves including zeolite fibers, siliceous and nonsiliceous mesoporous fibers prepared by electrospinning are summarized, and their prominent applications in optics, adsorptions, catalysis, etc. are highlighted.

Non-contact removal of 60-nm latex particles from silicon wafers with laser-induced plasma

In micro- and nano-manufacturing particles are created and circulated as by-products of the processes utilized. The removal of micro- and nano-particles during manufacturing processes is of great importance in many industries, including semiconductors, optics, photonics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). One specific application is in the cleaning of silicon wafers. According to the 2002 update of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, by the year 2006, techniques for the removal of polystyrene latex (PSL)-equivalent particles with size less than 35 nm will be required and currently, according to the roadmap update, there is no known method to remove PSL-equivalent particles smaller than diameter D = 40 nm. The current study reports and demonstrates a non-contact laser-induced plasma method for removal of particles with D = 60 nm. Non-contact techniques are desired to reduce the risk of substrate damage. Chemical usage in traditional cleaning methods is also a serious concern for process cost, workplace safety and environmental conservation. The development of dry, rapid, non-contact and non-damaging nanoparticle removal methods is, therefore, a critical need for various applications. Using a scanning mechanism, the process discussed can be automated for rapid cleaning of large silicon wafers.