Need For Prevention Education Research Articles

Manifestações clínicas e o manejo da Infecção Congênita pelo Citomegalovírus: Uma revisão sistemática.

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific production on Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection, seeking to identify the main clinical manifestations, as well as the main methods used in the treatment of this pathology. Methodology: It is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects of Congenital Cytomegalovirus. The research was guided by the question: "What are the main signs and symptoms of congenital Cytomegalovirus infection in the pediatric population, as well as what are the therapeutic resources used in clinical practice?". To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using four descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 194 articles. 23 articles were selected for analysis. Results: Sequelae of congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) can occur in primary and non-primary maternal infections, and primary infections present a higher risk of transplacental transmission. Prenatal and neonatal screening is not routinely recommended due to the absence of preventive medication and difficulty in predicting sequelae. Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sequelae, occurring in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Antiviral treatments are promising but carry significant risks, and vaccination remains a developing challenge. Conclusion: Congenital CMV infections affect child development. Diagnostic advances, such as PCR, improve detection, but the lack of a vaccine and the need for preventive education are challenges. Antiviral treatment is effective, but requires close monitoring, so a multidisciplinary approach is essential to mitigate the impacts of congenital CMV and improve children's quality of life.

Survey of pharyngeal foreign bodies in Japan: An ecological study using the nationwide claims data

ObjectivePharyngeal foreign bodies (PFBs) are a prevalent disease affected by food culture and dietary habits, with fish bones as the leading cause. Most studies were limited to specific regions, and a nationwide survey was not conducted in Japan. In this ecological study, we aimed to conduct a nationwide analysis of outpatient PFB cases in Japan over three years, focusing on seasonal trends, sex- and age-stratified cases, and regional differences. MethodsWe used the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan open data from April 2019 to March 2022. The case data were analyzed by month, age, sex, and prefecture. Additionally, we calculated the standardized claim ratios (SCRs) for each prefecture and investigated the association between dietary habits, food culture, and SCR of PFBs using a two-level linear regression model. ResultsWe analyzed a total of 164,337 outpatient PFB cases in Japan, revealing an average incidence rate of 45.6 per 100,000 persons. The seasonal trend revealed a peak in July each year from 2019 to 2021, confirming seasonality in PFB incidents. Children reported a higher incidence rate. Living west of Japan and expenditure on fish and shellfish had a strongly positive association with the SCR of PFBs. ConclusionOur nationwide survey reveals that, even within Japan, there were regional variations influenced by food culture and dietary habits. The data showed that PFB incidence was higher among children, highlighting the need for preventive education. Level of evidenceLevel 3.

Body Dissatisfaction and Health Risk Behaviors Among Middle School Girls.

Previous studies demonstrate a relationship between body dissatisfaction and substance use and suicidal ideation among older adolescent girls and young women while less documentation exists for early adolescence. This study explored the relationship between reported weight loss attempts and substance use history and suicidal thoughts among younger female adolescents. Participants (n = 1656) were middle school female students who participated in the 2019 Youth Behaviors Risk Survey. Participants were coded as "Trying to lose weight" and "Not trying to lose weight." Two hierarchal multiple binary logistic regressions were conducted, 1 for each of the dependent variables: (1) substance use history and (2) suicidality. Fifty-seven percent of the participants were trying to lose weight, 40% reported suicidal thoughts and 45% reported substance use history. Trying to lose weight was a significant predictor for both substance use (p < .01) and suicidality (p < .001). Body dissatisfaction and its association with risky health behaviors highlight the need for prevention education at earlier ages while reinforcing the need for availability of school counselors.

Building a high school violence prevention app to educate and protect students

The hostile learning environment and academic disruptions that result from high school violence underscore the need for prevention education. Technology can facilitate the dissemination of educational content, prevention tools, and resources to students. We describe the three-phase iterative process that engaged high school students, administrators and staff, and parents to develop and refine the school safety mobile application (app), uSafeHSTM. During the three-phase development process focus groups and surveys were administered with students, school administrators and staff, and guardians at 13 high schools. Pilot data was collected from seven New England public and private high schools. Optimizing mobile app technology is a promising method of reaching high school students and delivering student support resources that are customizable by each school and safety tools not currently available for this population.

Characteristics and visual outcome of ocular trauma patients at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Malawi

To describe the epidemiology and visual outcome of patients with ocular trauma treated at Queen Elizabeth Central hospital in Malawi. A prospective, observational study was undertaken from September 2017 to December 2017. Data on socio-demographic features, aetiology of trauma, type of ocular injury pre-referral pathway and treatment of ocular trauma was collected as the exposure variables. The main outcome variable was best corrected visual acuity at 8 weeks following initial visit. A total of 102 patients (103 eyes) with ocular trauma were recruited with loss of follow up of 11 participants at 8 weeks following recruitment. The most affected age group were children under 11 years old (35.3%), followed by young adults of age between 21-30 years (22.5%). The male-to-female ratio for ocular injury was 2.8:1. Most participants had closed globe injuries (n = 72, 70.6%), with over half the population injured by blunt objects (n = 62, 60.8%). Furthermore, among the adult population, majority (n = 19 38%) were injured on the road during assaults (n = 24, 48%), while most paediatric injuries (n = 32, 61.5%) occurred at home during play. The incidence of monocular blindness was 25.3% at eight weeks after the first presentation. Factors that were associated with monocular blindness on multivariate analysis were living in rural areas and open globe injuries. Ocular trauma led to monocular blindness in a quarter of the study population. There is need for preventive education of ocular injuries at both family and community level.

Ethnic differences of children with foreign body aspiration: a need for preventive education.

Only in 2005 was a product labeling law passed in Israel that requires food companies to mark a choking hazard. We wished to investigate the influence of the hazard warning on the number of foreign body aspirations (FBA) in Israel, as well as the racial differences in the prevalence of and death rates from FBA. All the medical records of patients under the age of 14 who arrived at our center's emergency department between the years 2007 and 2015 with suspected FBA were retrospectively reviewed. Population data was extracted from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Overall, 90 children arrived at the hospital with suspected FBA during 2007-2015. Forty-six (51%) of the patients were males, the mean age was 3.5years. Seventy-one bronchoscopies were performed due to high suspicious presence of a foreign body. The most common objects aspirated were different types of nuts and seeds. In all cases, the patient's parents witnessed the aspiration of the foreign body. Most children (77, 86%) were of Arab ethnicity. The yearly prevalence of FBA in children 0-4years of Arab ethnicity was 16.6:100,000 compared to 6.0:100,000 in the non-Arab population (p < 0.001). FBA is still a common injury in our region. Since most cases are preventable, efforts should be targeted among the population at higher risk, which are parents of children under the age of 4 and parents of Arab ethnicity. We believe that national effort and support for preventive education are needed.

Alexander Technique classes improve pain and performance factors in tertiary music students

BackgroundProfessional and student instrumental musicians experience high rates of playing-related pain (PR pain) and other playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs). This significant occupational health risk signals an urgent need for preventive education at the college level. During tertiary studies however, music students may be more focused on musical skill development than health outcomes. Alexander Technique (AT) is reputed to be beneficial for factors relating to both PR pain and the improvement of performance quality in musicians, therefore AT training for music students could be relevant for prevention. ObjectivesTo examine the effects of AT classes for tertiary music students on PR pain, associated risk factors for PR pain, and factors associated with improvements in music performance quality. MethodsResponses were collected from 23 volunteer music performance students at an Australian University who undertook weekly AT classes for one semester using a curriculum specifically designed for music students. ResultsThe majority of participants rated AT classes as beneficial for all factors, particularly reduction of PR pain, posture, ability to release excess muscle tension, improvements in instrumental technique, and improvements in performance level. Benefits to practice effectiveness and a reduction in non-playing-related pain, stress levels and performance anxiety were also reported. ConclusionsPurpose-designed AT classes may contribute to the management of PR pain and pertinent risk factors in music students, thus further investigation of the potential role of AT classes in pain prevention programs is warranted. Reports of benefit across a range of performance-related skills strengthen relevance to music practice and performance.

Quemaduras en menores de cinco años en Popayán, Colombia: creencias, conocimientos y prácticas

BackgroundBurn injuries in children are a public health problem, due to their physical, psychological and socioeconomic implications. The child population is the most vulnerable to burns. In Popayán, Colombia, most of the burns occur at home. However, non-local qualitative studies on the subject are not known in this city in order to establish better prevention programs from the beliefs, knowledge and practices of the study population. ObjectiveTo explore the beliefs, knowledge and practices of caregivers of burns children under five years-old in Popayán, Colombia. MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted using two focus groups and an in depth interview in Popayán in 2014, with mothers, fathers, and caregivers of children under 5 years of age, as well as their the beliefs and practices on childhood burns. Audio recordings were transcribed, and the transcripts were analyzed with Microsoft Word using the techniques for identifying issues and incidence density. ResultsThe main results of this study were the perceptions of increased risk in children, the importance of monitoring and support for adults, and the identification of the kitchen as a frequent site of burns. People consider that burns are reported more frequently in December, given the current national and municipal focus on burns prevention. Lack of knowledge about prevention of burns was demonstrated. People refer to the frequent use of home remedies, and accept the need for training in the initial treatment. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the lack of adequate knowledge on prevention and management of burns, and the need for preventive education and prompt treatment of these injuries.

Measuring HIV Knowledge Among Women Incarcerated in Jail.

Incarcerated women often have arresting behaviors that are also high risk for acquiring HIV, such as drug use and sex work. Little research has been done related to HIV knowledge among women in jail. This study assessed HIV knowledge among English-speaking women 18 years and older detained in a large, Southeastern jail (N = 202). HIV knowledge was assessed using the Brief HIV Knowledge Questionnaire. HIV knowledge scores were significantly lower among women over age 50, F(3, 195) = 7.39, p < .001; those with less than a high school education, F(2, 187) = 4.10, p = .018; and those with no history of sexually transmitted infections, F(1, 200) = 7.66, p = .006. Assessment of HIV knowledge among incarcerated women revealed a need for prevention education.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome prevention and transmission liability

Introduction: A study on the relationship between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) transmission and the need for preventive education and information measures. Objective: To research the references on social reality to guide a preventive-repressive criminal policy aimed at the HIV/AIDS transmission, but able to strengthen the importance of prevention through information and education measures. Methods: A retrospective and prospective interdisciplinary theoretical study, in the field of public health policy and legal-international-criminal-environmental terms, concerning the execution of the perspective of universal human rights considering cultural relativism, the hypothesis of the right to the difference and the peculiarities of the matter of affective-sexual relationships and HIV/AIDS transmission. Results: The importance of preventive measures against the HIV/AIDS transmission through the universalization of health. Conclusion: The need for public policies emphasizing information and educational actions about the disease and its mode of transmission, that is, emphasizing the need of condoms in sexual relations, the co-liability of the person being infected, and the window period in order to avoid criminalization as a solution.

Teaching about hepatitis C: a national survey of secondary school teachers

Issue addressed: Hepatitis C is a significant public health problem in Australia and it is essential that information about the virus and associated risks is provided to the community. A potential key target audience is secondary school students. If issues related to hepatitis C are to be taught in secondary schools, teachers need to be well informed and have the necessary resources. Methods: A survey research design was used to provide descriptive data on teachers' hepatitis C knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours via a self completion mail questionnaire. Health education and sex education teachers in all States and Territories were recruited. Results: These teachers reported that there was little being taught about hepatitis C in their schools and few of the teachers surveyed taught about this topic. Teachers were reasonably well informed, although there was evidence of conflating HIV and hepatitis C issues, and they believed that it was important for schools to include hepatitis C in the curriculum. Teachers reported that there were few opportunities for professional development and few appropriate curriculum resources to assist in teaching about hepatitis C. Barriers to including this issue in the curriculum were perceived to be structural. Conclusions: Among this sample of teachers there is recognition of public health concerns about hepatitis C and the need for prevention education for young people. There is also a willingness on their part to support the inclusion of hepatitis C in the curriculum. So what?: Mechanisms need to be put in place in schools to assist teachers in teaching about hepatitis C. These include providing appropriate professional development and curriculum resources, as well as giving consideration to the most appropriate place in the curriculum for hepatitis C prevention education. (author abstract)

Young People in the United States are Often Misinformed about the Proper Use of Condoms

According to a study of more than 15000 US teenagers adolescents commonly have misconceptions on the proper condom use. Data analysis on the 1995 National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was initiated to assess the prevalence of such misconceptions and whether these misconceptions vary with certain characteristics. The study also conducted an interview survey among 16677 young people aged 15-21 years equally composed of males and females. Overall results noted that teenagers who were sexually experienced without religious affiliation with experience on using condom who have four or more lifetime sexual partners and older teenagers were less likely to have misconceptions than younger teenagers. Moreover teenagers perceptions of their knowledge of proper condom use did not necessarily correspond to their actual knowledge. The findings indicate the need for preventive education even if the target audience believes he/she is knowledgeable.

Women who have sex with other women: HIV seroprevalence in New York State counseling and testing programs.

This report provides HIV seroprevalence data for women who are sexually active with women (WSW) choosing to access services in four of New York State's counseling and testing programs from January 1993 to June 1994. During that period, these programs tested 27,370 women. When questioned about sexual activity since 1978, 3.7% of these women reported sexual activity exclusively with women, 5.3% reported sexual activity with both women and men and 90.1% reported sexual activity exclusively with men. HIV seroprevalence in women sexually active exclusively with women in this sample was calculated at 3.0%, at 4.8% in women sexually active with both women and men and at 2.9% in women sexually active exclusively with men. According to the self-reported data in this study, injecting drug use is, by far, the predominant risk factor for seropositive WSW. Significant HIV-related public health/preventative implications for WSW and their service providers are suggested by this data, including the need for prevention education targeted to WSW who are IDUs, the need to provide culturally sensitive education to WSW detailing safer sexual behaviors both with women and with men as well as the need for evaluation of all risk factors when providing risk reduction education to WSW.