Periodontal Treatment Need Research Articles

A comparative analysis of game-based learning and conventional learning in dental education.

To evaluate the efficacy of traditional teaching versus traditional teaching supplemented by serious gaming in imparting knowledge of periodontal indices among dentistry students. Additionally, the study seeks to measure the level of satisfaction among students engaging with the assessed teaching method. This comparative study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Valencia with file number: 2479311. A sample of 61 subjects was divided randomly into two groups: the test group (n=36) and the control group (n=25). Baseline knowledge of community index of periodontal treatment need was assessed through a questionnaire completed by both groups before receiving a comprehensive explanation of the topic. The test group, in addition to the conventional explanation, received supplementary training via an educational gaming experience. Both groups underwent a final evaluation and, subsequently, a satisfaction survey was completed by the test group. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using a non-parametric Brunner-Langer model. The relationship between scores was examined using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests, with a significance level set at α=0.05. The training, in general, was effective as both the test group (p=0.003) and the control group (p=0.015) demonstrated an increase in scores with both teaching modalities, but no significant difference was observed between the groups. The test group expressed a high level of satisfaction with the instructional approach. No statistically significant difference in learning outcomes was identified between the traditional lecture teaching method and the approach supplemented by gaming. There was an elevated level of student satisfaction with the gaming method.

Differences Between Vietnamese Living in Germany and German Periodontitis Patients in Periodontal Conditions and Subgingival Microbiota

Introduction and aimsA number of studies have reported ethnic differences in the prevalence and severity of periodontitis. Such discrepancies could be attributed to disparities in periodontal risk factors, as well as variations in the composition of the subgingival microbiota. Given the substantial Vietnamese population residing in the former German Democratic Republic, the present study aimed to compare the clinical and microbial characteristics of periodontitis patients of Vietnamese Asian origin living in Germany with those of German Caucasian periodontitis patients. MethodsA total of 60 patients with a minimum stage II periodontitis diagnosis were included in the study. Of these, 30 were of Vietnamese origin, with an average age of 55 years and a male prevalence of 33.3%. The remaining 30 patients were of German origin, with an average age of 54.5 years and a male prevalence of 40%. The periodontal diagnosis was made in accordance with the recently revised classification of periodontal disease. The pooled subgingival plaque samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing on the MiSeq platform (Illumina). ResultsThe German patients were significantly more likely to be smokers (56.7% vs 13.3%), had significantly higher body mass index (26 vs 22.6 kg/m²), probing depth (4.1 vs 3.6 mm), and clinical attachment loss (5 vs 4.1 mm). In terms of microbiota, the Vietnamese patients exhibited significantly lower beta diversity compared to the German patients, and smokers demonstrated a significantly higher beta diversity compared to nonsmokers. The microbiota of both groups differed most significantly in the relative abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Vietnamese) and Fusobacteriia (German). ConclusionsGerman patients with periodontitis showed more severe periodontal symptoms and more pronounced periodontal risk factors compared to Vietnamese patients. Both patient groups also showed significant differences in the subgingival microbiota. Clinical relevanceCompared to Vietnamese living in Germany, German patients have a higher need for periodontal treatment and at the same time the risk factors of smoking and obesity should be reduced. More research is needed before the differences in oral microbiota between the two groups can lead to individualised therapeutic approaches.

A cross-sectional study to correlate oral hygiene habit among orthodontic patients with their clinical findings and periodontal treatment need

BackgroundOrthodontic treatment requires good oral hygiene for successful completion of treatment. As protocol, patients are usually given instructions for oral hygiene and diet at the start of treatment, however, they are not fully followed. Different methods are employed in order to increase patient compliance including digital means, however, these are not possible in teaching hospitals with high burden of patient care and limited resources. The present study aims to correlate the patient reported behavior with their clinical findings and treatment need. This will enable us to identify potential sources of motivation which will be incorporated in daily practice and enable us to improve methods to enhance patient’s behavior.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in the orthodontic department of a semi-government teaching hospital from August to October 2023 using a modified questionnaire. The clinical examination was done using a Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need-C (CPITN-C) probe. The diagnosis of presenting clinical conditions and treatment need was done using Community Periodontal Index for Treatment Need (CPITN) and Gingival Bleeding Index (BI). Data collected was analyzed for frequencies and correlation was done using Spearman Correlation Coefficient. P- value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultThe sample size consisted of 110 patients of which 60% were entitled to receive treatment. The predominant age group was 15–20 years (39.1%). Approximately 70% patients were in code 1 for CPITN and GI and in need of oral hygiene instructions. Overall patients’ showed good level of awareness, however, they were not compliant in behavior.ConclusionAlthough patients showed a good level of awareness towards oral hygiene practices, there was a lack of compliance in following them. Patients were more concerned for being affected by dental caries due to poor oral hygiene than its effect on overall treatment outcome.

Prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Determining the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases makes it possible to determine the age group most prone to them, which will help to implement correct treatment and prevention measures for persons of this group, aimed at increasing the level of individual and public health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases among the population of the city of Astana according to several criteria and to compare data on the statistics of periodontitis incidence from the world and Kazakhstan. The research was conducted using the methods of clinical examinations and statistical data processing. The study involved 642 people aged 18 to 80 years who, within twelve months, applied to dental institutions in the city of Astana and were checked according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical studies included determining the level of oral hygiene using the OHI-S simplified oral hygiene index and determining the condition of periodontal tissue using the CPITN periodontal disease treatment need index. It was found that the highest prevalence of various forms of gingivitis and periodontitis was observed in the 66-80 age group - 99% and 69%, respectively. The general distribution in all groups indicated a directly proportional relationship between the frequency of detection of inflammatory periodontal diseases and the age of the group participants. A comparison of data on the incidence of periodontal disease in the world and in Kazakhstan showed a 3.52% lower incidence rate in Kazakhstan compared to the world average. The use of regular and timely preventive and treatment measures for the population group most prone to inflammatory periodontal diseases will make it possible to improve the state of individual health of the population and, accordingly, raise the level of public health.

Lesão endodôntica primária sumulando uma lesão endo-perio

This study aims to present a clinical case of retreatment with the regression of an endodontic lesion, which simulated an endospinal lesion, with monthly changes of calcium hydroxide paste (UltraCal®) and preservation of the lesion repair. A 47-year-old female patient was referred for dental treatment due to the need for retreatment in elements 45 and 46. On clinical examination, the presence of a periodontal pocket fistula of more than 10 millimeters on the mesia and distal surface, respectively, was observed. Cone-beam computed tomography demonstrated the presence of filling material, as well as periapical and lateral bone radiotransparency. The retreatment was performed with rotary instrumentation (Reciproc Blue®), and the preparation of the canal with Reciproc Blue. 2.5% Sodium Hypochlorite was used as an irrigating solution, and the intracanal medication used was calcium hydroxide paste (UltraCal®) and crown sealing was done with glass ionomer cement. After 3 months, a regression of the lesion was observed, at 6 months, treatment success was observed only with endodontic therapy, without the need for periodontal treatment, confirming the diagnosis of primary endodontic lesion with secondary periodontal involvement. It is concluded that endodontic retreatment associated with intracanal medication determined clinical and radiographic success, ruling out the need for periodontal therapy.

Impact of Duration of Orthodontic Treatment on Periodontal Health and Treatment Needs of Patients

Malocclusion is highly prevalent and can also affect the general health of patients. Orthodontic treatment is required to treat malocclusion. This treatment often leads to a deterioration in periodontal and general oral health of patients. Objective: To assess the impact of duration of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health and treatment needs of patients. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was done on a total of 51 individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. The data were collected from July 2021 to June 2023 after obtaining ethical clearance. All participants above the age of 12 years irrespective of their gender were included in the study. Participants who had mixed dentition or other systemic illness were not included. Data were collected using the Community Periodontal index for treatment needs (CPITN). Results: The difference in CPITN scores across orthodontic treatment groups with respect to duration (p=0.382) was not significant. All groups irrespective of their treatment duration required Basic oral hygiene instructions (TN1) while Complex treatment (TN3) was only required by patients undergoing treatment for more than a year. Conclusions: Basic oral hygiene instructions (TN1) were the treatment need of all patients from all groups irrespective of their treatment duration. An equal percentage of patients from all three treatment groups required (TN2) while (TN3) was only required by patients undergoing treatment for more than a year.

Pre-orthodontic periodontal treatment: An undeniable necessity

Introduction: Orthodontics and periodontics are two closely related disciplines, as they both affect the periodontium. An upstream analysis can reduce the risk of periodontal pathologies appearing or worsening. The aim of our study was to determine the risks of orthodontic forces on pathological periodontium. Methodology: This is a systematic review of articles evaluating the need for pre-orthodontic periodontal treatment using the PRISMA method. A total of 11 recent articles were selected. The study was carried out from January to March 2023. Results: The articles asserted a high risk of aggravation of pre-existing periodontal pathologies (54.5%). The 27.2% mentioned risks of gingivopathy, periodontitis, plaque accumulation, increased inflammation and loss of attachment. Nine percent of articles predicted a risk of increased bone dehiscence, gingival recession, alveolysis and root resorption. Discussion: Orthodontic therapy can be considered a risk factor for the periodontium through two phenomena: difficulty in meticulous hygiene practice; and osteoclasia caused by the infectious agents responsible for periodontal disease. One study showed that orthodontic treatment can transform gingivitis into periodontitis and/or aggravate pre-existing periodontitis. Conclusion: Periodontal treatment is essential before orthodontic treatment to optimize periodontal support and improve orthodontic therapy.

Dental Plaque Accumulation and Periodontal Treatment Needs of Smokers

Organic deposits such as food residue, pellicle, dental plaque, and calculus can easily stick to the surface of smokers' teeth due to the tar content that sticks to the teeth, causing the tooth surface to become rough. This study aims to describe periodontal conditions through plaque accumulation and the need for periodontal treatment in smokers. Cross-sectional study at the Dental and Oral Hospital, University of North Sumatra, with a sample of 60 smokers. Plaque accumulation examination uses the Loe and Silness index and periodontal status needs use the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) index. The results of the periodontal status of smokers showed that 36.7% of smokers had a periodontal status score of 0 (healthy periodontium), 33.3% had a periodontal status score of 2 (supragingival calculus), 28.3% had a score of 1 (spontaneous bleeding) and 1.7 % had periodontal status with a score of 3 (pockets 4-5 mm). The results showed that 36.7% did not need treatment (TN 0), 35% of smokers needed better dental care at home/improved oral hygiene and tartar cleaning (TN II), and 28.3% of smokers only needed adequate dental care. better (TN I). The conclusion of this study is that the periodontal treatment needs of smokers at RSGM USU are based on the number of cigarettes and duration of smoking, which is most often found in periodontal status and treatment with scores of 0 and 2.

Clinical assessment of the periodontal tissues during complex treatment of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis using herbal rinse

BACKGROUND: Preserving the effect of periodontal disease treatment and choosing an individual oral care program are urgent issues in dentistry.
 AIM: To examine the clinical dynamics and index indicators of the state of the oral cavity in patients with mild but chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) before and after complex treatment using a mouthwash (“Art-Dental Expert”; LLC “KorolevPharm”).
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the main (using “Art-Dental Expert” mouthwash) and control (using 0.05% solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate) groups of patients with mild CGP. The state of periodontal tissues was assessed using a simplified hygiene index (OHI-S, Green–Vermillion), probing bleeding index (BOP), papillary–marginal–alveolar index (PMA), and the index of the need for periodontal disease treatment (CPITN).
 RESULTS: The main group showed positive dynamics of changes in the indices characterizing the state of the periodontium, with a significant difference in indicators when compared with the control group.
 CONCLUSION: The use of “Art-Dental Expert” mouthwash for the treatment of patients with mild CGP has a fast and stable prolonged clinical effect with normalization of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the state of periodontal tissues. The “Art-Dental Expert” mouthwash can be recommended for long-term use.

Periodontal health of a low socioeconomic level population in Yucatan (Mexico): A cross-sectional study.

With the objective of assessing the periodontal health status, treatment needs, and oral hygiene habits of the population of Mérida, in Mexico, a descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Four hundred forty individuals individually completed a questionnaire on oral health, oral hygiene habits, and quality of life. Additionally, a complete clinical dental examination was performed for each. For the statistical analysis, continuous variables (means and standard deviation) and categorical variables (frequencies) were studied. The associations were made using the analysis of variance test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. The critical value to identify statistically significant differences was P < .05. The main concern of the population was the possible untreated caries they thought they had, with 36.21% followed by pain with 14.62%. Possible periodontal issues were the main discomfort for only 9%. The percentage of the sample that required periodontal intervention by a specialist was 21.14%. Statistically significant differences were found between age, place of residence, socioeconomic level, and schooling. There are great deficiencies in oral health in the studied group, which is accompanied by a great need for periodontal treatment. Periodontal health is closely related to oral hygiene, so the related sociocultural level should also be taken into account for the study of oral health in the most vulnerable populations. It is crucial to establish strategies to promote oral health.

The hypotheses of oral disease-associated perioprosthetic joint infections to understand the role of oral health for endoprostheses - a narrative review.

Periprosthetic infections are a severe complication, causing enormous morbidity. The role of oral diseases in the development of such infections has been discussed controversially, showing a large discrepancy between prevalence of oral foci and infections of endoprostheses (EP). This narrative review aimed in explaining and discussing two hypotheses for the occurrence of oral disease-associated EP infections. The hypotheses include two mechanisms. (1) In case of an acute exacerbation during the early healingperiod after EP surgery (first 3 months). (2) Coincidental in the context of late EP infections (after successful initial healing), where an initial periprosthetic inflammation can be colonized secondarily by oral microorganisms. In both settings,oral foci are not primarily causative for EP infection, but represent an important reservoir for EP colonization, while the immunological conditions (locally and systemically) are crucial for the onset of an EP infection. As potential consequence, patients with risk factors should be orally rehabilitated prior to EP surgery. Usage of antibiotic prophylaxis during the first 3 months after EP implantation (initial healing period) might be considered, but has no reliable evidence. To avoid morbidity of patients, radical dental clearance is unfavorable for the respective patients. Altogether, patients with EP should receive increased attention from the dental perspective alongside with dental preventive measures, because they show a high dental and periodontal treatment need.

An Assessment of Association of Gravidity of Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Females with Periodontal Health and Periodontal Treatment Needs

Objective: To assess the association of gravidity of pregnant and non-pregnant females with their periodontal health and treatment needs. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to August 2019 among 44 pregnant and 52 non-pregnant women visiting the gynecology department of Sharif Medical and Dental College and Raiwind Polyclinic, Lahore (community out¬reach program of the institute) using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Data was collected using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Results: A non-significant association was seen between the periodontal health and gravidity of pregnant females (p=0.454) and non-pregnant females (p=0.863). Most of the primigravida had periodontal treatment needs (TN1). TN 2 was required by both groups equally Conclusion: Primigravida pregnant females had a higher percentage of healthy periodontium while the multigravida pregnant females had more calculus deposition and a higher percentage of pocket depth 4-5mm. The multigravida non-pregnant patients had calculus deposition as their major periodontal problem followed by bleeding gums. Most of the primigravida pregnant females required oral hygiene instructions and had periodontal treatment needs (TN1). Those requiring (TN 2) were approximately equal in both groups while none of the females from both the groups required complex treatment (TN3). Keywords: Primigravida, Multigravida, periodontal health, pregnant females, periodontal treatment needs.

Oral and periodontal assessment at the first trimester of pregnancy: The PERISCOPE longitudinal study.

Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are chronic non-communicable inflammatory diseases. The risk of developing gingivitis and periodontitis increases during pregnancy. Also, periodontitis increases the risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and preeclampsia. Early diagnosis of adverse pregnancy outcomes is essential and periodontitis could be an early sign to take into consideration. We conducted a longitudinal observational study (PERISCOPE study: CNIL, no. 1 967 084 v 0; CER, no. 01-0416) on 121 pregnant women in the first trimester to determine their oral and periodontal health status. We explored the relations between oral and periodontal health status and sociodemographic and behavior characteristics, as well as their course and outcome of pregnancy. A total of 47.1% of the women had periodontitis, of which only 66.7% presented clinical manifestations associated with the disease such as gingival bleeding. These women had a poorer oral and periodontal health, and a higher body mass index, and more of them developed gestational diabetes during the course of pregnancy. The remaining 33.3% showed only discreet and isolated inflammatory signs and, unless thoroughly examined, would have gone undiagnosed for periodontitis. Interestingly these women were more often primiparous, still active professionally and had had a recent oral examination. The PERISCOPE study is one of the few studies that reports the oral and periodontal health status of pregnant women in the first trimester. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for early oral and periodontal assessment and treatment, even in the absence of exterior clinical signs, in order to prevent periodontal disease aggravation and also, by reducing low grade systemic inflammation, possibly adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Periodontal Treatment Needs of Patients Undergoing Orthodontic Treatment in Comparison To Non-Orthodontic Treatment Patients: A Comparative Study

OBJECTIVES To determine the periodontal treatment needs of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment compared to those not undergoing the treatment. METHODOLOGY A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 100 patients visiting the Dental OPD of Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore, from June 2019 to July 2020. Clinical examination was done using the Community Periodontal index for treatment needs (CPITN) to assess the participants' periodontal health and treatment needs. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the scores of CPITN across the treatment and control groups (≤0.001). The patients requiring scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN 2) were more (94%) in the orthodontic treatment group in comparison to the non-orthodontic treatment group (62%). A higher percentage of patients (6%) requiring complex treatment (deep scaling, root planning and complex surgical procedures), scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN3) belonged to the non-orthodontic treatment group, while only 4% required it from the orthodontic treatment group. CONCLUSION All orthodontic and non-orthodontic treatment group participants required oral hygiene instructions and had periodontal treatment needs (TN1). The patients requiring scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN 2) were more in the orthodontic treatment group than the non-orthodontic treatment group. A higher percentage of patients requiring complex treatment (deep scaling, root planning and complex surgical procedures), scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN3) belonged to the non-orthodontic treatment group.

Periodontal Treatment Needs of Women Across Different Trimesters of Pregnancy

Objective: To find the difference in the periodontal treatment needs of females across different trimesters of pregnancy. Methodology: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among 44 pregnant visiting the gynecology department of Sharif Medical and Dental College and Raiwind Polyclinic, Lahore (community outreach program of the institute). Data was collected using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) Results: The highest percentage of females (24%) requiring no treatment (TN0) were in their third trimester. The majority of females in their second trimester (85.7%) required oral hygiene instructions and had periodontal treatment needs (TN1) and those in their first trimester (83.3%) required Scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN 2). Conclusion: The highest percentage of females with healthy periodontium were in their third trimester. Periodontal pocket depth of 4-5 mm were seen the most on the clinical examination of women in their second trimester but least in third trimester. The highest percentage of females requiring no treatment (TN0) were in their third trimester. The majority of females in their second trimester required oral hygiene instructions and had periodontal treatment needs (TN1) and those in their first trimester required Scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN 2). Keywords: Periodontal treatment needs, first trimester, second trimester, third trimester, Community periodontal index for treatment needs (CPITN)

Periodontal Treatment Needs of Smokers in Comparison to Non-Smokers: A Comparative Study

Objective: To assess the periodontal treatment needs of smokers in comparison to non-smokers. Methodology: A Cross sectional comparative study was carried out on 100 patients, 50 smokers and 50 non-smokers, visiting Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore from June 2019 to July 2020. Intra-oral examination was done using the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Recorded data was coded, entered and analyzed using SPSS statistical Package version 23. Results: Majority of the smokers and non-smokers (100%) required oral hygiene instructions and had periodontal treatment needs (TN1). It was seen that a higher percentage of smokers (92%) required Scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN 2) in comparison to non-smokers (36%). It was seen that 26 % smokers and none of the non-smokers required required complex treatment, scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instructions (TN3). Conclusion: Majority of the smokers and non-smoke required oral hygiene instructions and had periodontal treatment needs (TN1). A higher percentage of smokers required Scaling and prophylaxis and Oral hygiene instructions (TN 2) as well as complex treatment, scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instructions (TN3) in comparison to non-smokers Keywords: Periodontal treatment needs, smokers, non-smokers, Community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN).

Periodontal Treatment Needs of Patients with Chronic Kindey Disease

Objective: To assess the periodontal treatment needs of patients in different stages of chronic kidney disease Methodology: A Cross sectional comparative study was conducted in the department of Nephrology and Urology, Sharif Medical and Dental College, Lahore on 32 patients with chronic kidney disease in the time duration of one year. Data was collected after taking an informed consent from the patients. The demographic data along with a list of variables associated with chronic kidney disease was recorded using a structured questionnaire. Data collection was based on the following parameters: Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN). Results: The highest percentage (10%) of patients who required no treatment (TN0) were stage 3 patients. Majority of the stage 5 (93.1%) patients required scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction (TN2) followed by stage 4 (90.9%) and stage 3 (40%) respectively. None of the patients required complex treatment, scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instructions (TN3) Conclusion: The highest percentage of patients with healthy periodontium were stage 3 patients. Periodontal pocket depths 4-5 mm were found to be in stage 4 patients the most followed by stage 5 and then stage 3. None of the patients had pocket depths of 6mm or more. Majority of the stage 5 patients required scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instruction (TN2) followed by stage 4 and stage 3 respectively. None of the patients required complex treatment, scaling, prophylaxis and oral hygiene instructions (TN3). Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, periodontal treatment needs, oral hygiene instructions, oral prophylaxis, complex treatment

Editorial: Changing My Professional Life

Yoshihiro Ono, DDS: After graduating cum laude from Kyushu Dental University in 1972, I started my practice. In Japan, most periodontal care was nonsurgical in design. I completed numerous partial- and full-mouth reconstructions but soon noticed some major concerns, such as margin exposure, deepening pocket depths, recession, and loss of teeth. I even began to believe my patients were losing their confidence in me. I made the decision to expand my knowledge. I left my father’s practice and moved to Oregon in the United States. My wife and three young children accompanied me while I spent a year learning the English language. Fortunately, I had the opportunity to attend the Institute for Advanced Dental Studies founded by Dr Gerald Kramer and Dr Myron Nevins. I saw cases of patients with severe osseous disease who had been maintained for 15 or 20 years. The cases were treated with surgical procedures that I had never seen. As I continued my training under their concepts and read the literature, I realized what they were doing was a science-based treatment. I needed to learn these procedures before my return to Japan in order to pass it on to many other dentists. I found a partner, Dr Kimio Nakamura, a prosthetic teacher, who was treating patients in need of oral rehabilitation and felt the need for periodontal treatment. We decided to share a practice and included dental hygienists at our location. Dr Nakamura and I founded a study group with the goal of sharing with Japanese dentists the concepts and techniques for long-term results that I had learned. That study group started with 4 dentists and now has more than 120 in Osaka and 140 in Tokyo. In 1987, we established the Japan Institute for Advanced Dental Studies in Osaka and another institute in Tokyo in 1998. We offer courses in periodontics, prosthodontics, endodontics, orthodontics, and implantology. The number of participants has exceeded 12,000 to date. In addition, more than 4,000 dental hygienists and 500 dental technicians have attended courses. Many of the students have become teachers in our two institutes, and a number of others have opened programs that are similar to ours. I cannot thank Dr Kramer and Dr Nevins enough for their guidance and encouragement, as well as giving me the opportunity to study with them at their Institute for Advanced Dental Studies. It has been 35 years since the Japan Institute was created, and many dentists have long-lasting cases. Thanks to the unchanged support and a great deal of knowledge gifted by Dr Nevins, I have been able to help others, and I now see dentists with great enthusiasm for their practices who share their thoughts with their friends. Yoshihiro Ono, DDS Tokyo, Japan

Association between oral health and oral health-related quality of life in patients before hip and knee endoprosthesis surgery: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesAim of this cross-sectional study was the assessment of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) health-related quality of life (HRQoL), oral health behaviour and oral health status in patients before hip and knee endoprosthesis (EP) surgery. Moreover, associations between OHRQoL, HRQoL and oral health should be examined.MethodsConsecutive patients before hip and/or knee EP implantation were recruited and referred to the dental clinic for oral examination including: number of remaining teeth, dental findings (DMF-T-Index), periodontal condition (periodontal treatment need, Staging/Grading) and temporomandibular joint screening. OHRQoL was assessed by the German short form of oral health impact profile (OHIP G14), HRQoL by short-form 36 survey.ResultsHundred and sixty two patients with a mean age of 66.80 ± 11.10 years were included, which had on average 18.22 ± 8.57 remaining teeth and a periodontal treatment need of 84.5%. The OHIP G14 sum score revealed a median of 1 (mean: 2.7 ± 4.4, 25–75th percentile: 0–4) and its dimension oral function of 0 (mean: 0.8 ± 1.8, 25–75th percentile: 0–1), what was also found for psychosocial impact (median: 0, mean: 1.4 ± 2.6, 25–75th percentile: 0–2). The OHIP G14 sum score and both dimensions were significantly associated with mental component summary (p < 0.01). A higher number of remaining teeth as well as remaining molars/premolars were associated with lower OHIP G14 sum score (p = 0.02). This was also found for the dimension oral function (p < 0.01).ConclusionPatients prior to hip and knee EP had an unaffected OHRQoL, although they had an insufficient oral health. Individuals before EP implantation need increased attention in dental care, fostering information, sensibilization and motivation of the patients.

Periodontal Status and Treatment Needs of Mentally Challenges Individuals Attending Special School in Nashik District, Maharashtra, India

Periodontal Status and Treatment Needs of Mentally Challenges Individuals Attending Special School in Nashik District, Maharashtra, India