Need For Government Regulation Research Articles

УСИЛЕНИЕ РОЛИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ МАРКЕТПЛЕЙСОВ В РФ

This article is devoted to the study of current trends and proposals for strengthening the government regulation of marketplace activities in the Russian Federation. It emphasizes that the need for government regulation is an effective response to the rapid growth and development of the e-commerce market, as well as to the increasing number of problems associated with the activities of platforms in this market space. The main focus is on the analysis of Bill № 445923-8, which is scheduled for reading in March 2024, aimed at amending the Federal Law “On the Basics of State Regulation of Trading Activities in the Russian Federation” and the Law of the Russian Federation “On Consumer Rights Protection”. It specifies that Bill № 445923-8 proposes the introduction of new measures to protect consumer rights and to establish equal conditions for the activities of all market participants. The article summarizes the key problems faced by various entities in the e-commerce market in conducting their activities, highlighting issues such as counterfeiting, unfair competition, marketplaces’ liability, unilateral amendments to contractual relations, and others. The research concludes with the importance of enhancing government regulation of marketplaces to ensure the transparency of their activities, the protection of consumer and partner rights, and the creation of conditions for fair competition in the e-commerce market with the prevention of the impact of “greater force”.

Hoteliers’ Perceptions of and Responses to Climate Variability and Change in Antigua and Efate

Many economies in small tropical islands are built on tourism, using their sun, sea and sand to entice visitors. However, climate variability and climate change are affecting these small islands, threatening many livelihoods and their fragile economies. There is limited information on the adaptation strategies and perception of climate change within key sectors of these economies, including the accommodation sector. Hence a study which examines the experiences of Antigua Island in the Caribbean and Efate Island in the South Pacific. The uniqueness of this study is that there are few published articles on this topic especially those comparing two islands. This study found that whilst all hoteliers perceived changes in precipitation, temperature and sea level only a limited number implemented few adaptation measures. We conclude that there is need for government regulation of the accommodation sector as it relates to managing the impacts of climate change, to help build resilience within the sector and wider economy.

Child-Directed Marketing, Health Claims, and Nutrients in Popular Beverages

Fruit drinks are a major source of added sugar in children's diets. This study describes the associations between front-of-package child-directed marketing (i.e., sports, fantasy, or child-directed imagery; child-directed text) and (1) health-related claims and (2) nutrient content of fruit drinks, 100% juices, and flavored waters. Beverage purchase data from a national sample of 1,048 households with children aged 0-5 years were linked with front-of-package label and nutrition data to conduct a content analysis on fruit drinks (n=510), 100% juices (n=337), and noncarbonated flavored waters (n=40) in 2019-2020. Unstratified and stratified regression models assessed the differences in the prevalence of claims (macronutrient, micronutrient, natural/healthy, and fruit and juice), non-nutritive sweeteners, and nutrient content (calories, total sugar, and percent daily value of vitamin C) between drinks with and those without child-directed marketing in 2021. Fruit drinks with child-directed marketing were more likely to show front-of-package micronutrient claims (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.5, 3.1) and contained more vitamin C (18.5% daily value, 95% CI=1.6, 35.5) than fruit drinks without child-directed marketing. 100% juices with child-directed marketing contained less vitamin C (-35.6% daily value, 95% CI= -57.5, -13.8) and 3.0 (95% CI= -5.5, -0.4) fewer grams of sugar than 100% juices without child-directed marketing. Flavored waters with child-directed marketing contained less vitamin C (-37.9% daily value, 95% CI= -68.1, -7.6) than flavored waters without child-directed marketing. The combination of child-directed marketing with health-related claims may mislead parents into believing that fruit drinks are healthy and appealing to their children, highlighting the need for government regulation of sugary drink marketing.

Responding to Cardiac Arrest in the Community in the Digital Age.

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a common event, affecting almost 400,000 individuals annually in North America. Initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early defibrillation using an automated external defibrillator (AED) are critical for survival, yet many bystanders are reluctant to intervene. Digital technologies, including mobile devices, social media, and crowdsourcing might help play a role to improve survival from SCA. In this article we review the current digital tools and strategies available to increase rates of bystander recognition of SCA, prompt immediate activation of emergency medical services (EMS), initiate high-quality CPR, and to locate, retrieve, and operate AEDs. Smartphones can help to educate and connect bystanders with EMS dispatchers, through text messaging or video calling, to encourage the initiation of CPR and retrieval of the closest AED. Wearable devices and household smart speakers could play a future role in continuous vital signs monitoring in individuals at risk of lethal arrhythmias and send an alert to either chosen contacts or EMS. Machine learning algorithms and mathematical modelling might aid EMS dispatchers with better recognition of SCA as well as policymakers with where to best place AEDs for optimal accessibility. There are challenges with the use of digital tech, including the need for government regulation and issues with data ownership, accessibility, and interoperability. Future research will include smart cities, e-linkages, new technologies, and using social media for mass education. Together or in combination, these emerging digital technologies might represent the next leap forward in SCA survival.

Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: the case of baking sector in Vietnam

This study aims to investigate the factors that influence corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) in the banking sector in an emerging country. The quantitative model is estimated for a sample of banks in Vietnam for the period from 2013 to 2019. To explain the determinants of CSRD in banking, regression analysis using panel data was employed while taking bank size, bank age, financial performance, state ownership, and regulation as independent variables, and CSRD as a dependent variable. The results revealed that bank size, bank age, and regulation have positive impacts on CSRD, whereas state ownership has a negative impact, and financial performance was found to be insignificant. This study enriches the knowledge of CSRD, and it contributes empirical evidence of the impact of bank characteristics on CSRD. Particularly, empirical evidence suggests that regulation is an effective instrument for promoting the CSRD of banks in Vietnam. Therefore, the study identified the need for government regulation to increase disclosure because voluntary disclosure does not seem to be sufficient to achieve the desired results.

The Agricultural Land Market in Ukraine: Current Conjuncture and Problems of Formation

The agricultural land market was launched in Ukraine on July 1, 2021. Before its opening in Ukraine, experts had attempted to outline various scenarios of its operation, but most part of the predictions proved to be far from reality. The inadequacy and unsoundness of these predictions raise the importance of studies devoted to the current conjecture of the agricultural land market in Ukraine. 
 The article contains results of a study of the processes involved in the formation of the agricultural land market in Ukraine and its current conjuncture. A review of the legal acts of Ukraine that streamlined the evolution of relations on this market was made: the Decree of the President of Ukraine “Urgent measures to accelerate reforms in the agrarian sector of the economy” (1999), the Land Code of Ukraine (2001), the Decree of the President of Ukraine “Supplementary measures on social protection of rural residents who are owners of land plots and land parts (shares)” (2002), the Law of Ukraine “Amendments to some legislative acts of Ukraine on terms of the turnover of agricultural lands” (2020). A comparison of the cost of land lease in Ukraine and EU countries in 2019, and the actual weighted average price of 1 hectare of agricultural land in Ukraine and some other countries was made. Domestic sources of information on the land market operation in Ukraine are given. 
 It is concluded that the land market in Ukraine is in the passive state now, with both demand and supply being slack. The factors behind the low demand and supply on the domestic land market were identified: the demand is constrained by a limited range of buyers and lack of uncostly mortgage loans for purchase of land; the supply is constrained by the low market price of 1 hectare of land, inability of the majority of residents to sell their shares in case of the valid leasing contract, bad legal and financial literacy of rural inhabitants. The efficiency of land leasing in Ukraine remains to be low due to irrational use of soils by land tenants. The need for government regulation of this market is shown.

ACCUMULATION OF THE NEW FORMS OF CAPITAL AMID GLOBAL ECONOMIC INSTABILITY

Accumulation of the modern forms of capital, namely intellectual, human, social and cultural have been described in the article. Tangible and intangible forms of capital accumulation, manifestation of extensive and intensive ways of capital accumulation have been figured out. Problems have been identified and the main trends of modern forms of capital development have been determined. New digital economy`s impact on changes in capital essence and the ways of its accumulation have been noted. It has been emphasized that there is a need for government regulation of these modern forms of capital interaction to support social development and stability and rise the national wealth.

ДЕРЖАВНЕ РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ТА ПІДТРИМКА ОРГАНІЧНОГО СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА: ОГЛЯД ОСНОВНИХ ПОКАЗНИКІВ ТА ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ДВОХ КРАЇН

The goal of organic agricultural production is to provide humanity with high-quality food without genetically modified organisms and to support the sustainability of society. It is noted that the many benefits of organic agriculture make us think about the prospects for the development of global agriculture as one of the key factors influencing the future of the next generations. n this article we outline the main stages of evolution in the organic farming sphere and emphasize the characteristics that are relevant to each stage; define the term “organic farming” specified for Canadian and Ukrainian legislative systems. This paper also highlights the main prerequisites for the need for state support for organic production in the world on the example of two big organic producers – Canada and Ukraine. Based on the main indicators of the current state and level of development in both countries, the need for government regulation, support, and stimulation are considered. The main approaches to the stimulation and development of organic production in Canada are considered in order to determine priorities for Ukraine. It is established that subsidies for organic agriculture in Canada at one time gave an extremely important impetus to the development of this area of agricultural production, which ultimately led to significant progress in environmental protection, climate change mitigation, health, development of rural areas, and consumer protection. Also, it gave a significant boost for the national farmers, so they could grow in the area and improve their farming activity using innovative technologies. The domestic experience of financial and organizational and legal support of the organic sphere at the state and regional levels for the formation of areas for improvement is analyzed. The necessity of not only direct financial state support, but also active educational, research, and organizational support together with representatives of the active community and business has been proved. It was recovered that the main problems of the development of organic farming in Ukraine and obstacles to the formation of green policy in the field of agriculture include the following: lack of state control and statistical reporting of production, circulation, and sale of organic production; - lack of developed infrastructure in the organic sector of the agricultural sector; - imperfection of the system of certification and labeling of organic products, inconsistency of these processes with European standards; - lack of state support programs for organic producers and an insufficient number of local support programs. The necessity of a systematic approach to the stimulation and development of the domestic organic sphere to ensure the sustainability of the agricultural sector of Ukraine is substantiated. It is established that the policy of organic support in our country is not yet characterized by a high level of system and consistency, but important initial steps have been taken in the areas of organizational, legal, and financial support of organic production.

On the new paradigm for the development of oil and gas geology

The state of the oil and gas industry in Russia is considered. Problems and difficulties are described, such as depletion of deposits, a decrease in the number of discoveries of new fields, ineffective production methods due to the lack of modern innovative technologies, imperfect legislation, licensing of large state-owned enterprises, reduction of proved reserves, lack of funding, etc. Ways to solve them are proposed, including the need to develop a special state program to support geological surveys, with specifics, with effective control over its implementation. The problems of the strategy for the development of the fuel and energy complex in Russia are noted. Particular attention is paid to the need for government regulation as a basic component of the organizations of measures that would ensure the normal functioning of the fuel and energy complex and its effective development in the interests of the country, its population and private capital. It is proposed to create a coherent system for managing the innovation process throughout the country, developing certain standards, mechanisms to stimulate the introduction of new technologies, including in the field of geological exploration.

User Data as Public Resource: Implications for Social Media Regulation

Revelations about the misuse and insecurity of user data gathered by social media platforms have renewed discussions about how best to characterize property rights in user data. At the same time, revelations about the use of social media platforms to disseminate disinformation and hate speech have prompted debates over the need for government regulation to assure that these platforms serve the public interest. These debates often hinge on whether any of the established rationales for media regulation apply to social media. This article argues that the public resource rationale that has been utilized in traditional media regulation in the United States applies to social media. The public resource rationale contends that, when a media outlet utilizes a public resource—such as the broadcast spectrum, or public rights of way—the outlet must abide by certain public interest obligations that may infringe upon its First Amendment rights. This article argues that aggregate user data can be conceptualized as a public resource that triggers the application of a public interest regulatory framework to social media sites and other digital platforms that derive their revenue from the gathering, sharing, and monetization of massive aggregations of user data.

A law enforcement intelligence framework for use in predictive DNA phenotyping

ABSTRACTAnalysis of information about physical characteristics, biogeographical ancestry or common genetic ancestors from crime scene DNA is a technique aimed at informing an intelligence process, rather than obtaining evidence for a criminal trial. This intelligence supports tactical or operational decision-making. Like other forms of intelligence there is a risk for it to be misconstrued or for its investigative value to be misunderstood. The potential for intelligence derived from DNA to divert investigative resources or result in unnecessary intrusions into individual privacy can be mitigated by applying an appropriate intelligence doctrine. Establishing an appropriate framework could reduce the need for government regulation of these emerging capabilities in the context of law enforcement use.

User Data as Public Resource: Implications for Social Media Regulation

Revelations about the misuse and insecurity of user data gathered by social media platforms have renewed discussions about how best to characterize property rights in user data. At the same time, revelations about the use of social media platforms to disseminate disinformation and hate speech have prompted debates over the need for government regulation to assure that these platforms serve the public interest. These debates often hinge on whether any of the established rationales for media regulation apply to social media. This paper argues that the public resource rationale that has been utilized in traditional media regulation in the U.S. applies to social media. The public resource rationale contends that, when a media outlet utilizes a public resource – such as the broadcast spectrum, or public rights of way – the outlet must abide by certain public interest obligations that may infringe upon its First Amendment rights. This paper argues that aggregate user data can be conceptualized as a public resource that triggers the application of a public interest regulatory framework to social media sites and other digital platforms that derive their revenue from the gathering, sharing, and monetization of massive aggregations of user data.

The effectiveness of voluntary policies and commitments in restricting unhealthy food marketing to Canadian children on food company websites.

Marketing unhealthy foods and beverages to children (M2K) fosters poor dietary patterns, increasing obesity and noncommunicable disease risk. Federal restrictions on M2K have been under development in Canada since 2016; however, at present, M2K is mostly self-regulated by food companies. This study aimed to compare M2K on Canadian websites of food companies with and without voluntary policies or commitments in this area. A systematic content analysis of company websites was conducted in spring/summer 2017 for major packaged food (n = 16), beverage (n = 12), and restaurant chain (n = 13) companies in Canada. M2K policies were sourced from company websites and published corporate documents. Sixteen companies (43%) reported national and/or global M2K policies, while 21 companies (57%) had no published policies. The websites of Canadian companies (n = 154) were scanned for child-directed products and marketing; type and frequency of marketing techniques were recorded. Child-directed marketing appeared on 19 websites of 12 companies (32%), including 9 companies with M2K policies. Websites featured products with unconventional flavours, colours, shapes, or child-oriented packaging, and used promotional characters, contests, games, activities, or lettering and graphics appealing to children. The nutritional quality of products marketed to children was evaluated using a nutrient profile model developed by Health Canada for proposed M2K regulations. Of the 217 products marketed to children, 97% exceeded Health Canada's proposed ∼5% Daily Value threshold for saturated fat, sodium, and/or sugars, 73% of which were products from 9 companies with policies. These findings highlight the limitations of self-regulation in restricting M2K on food company websites, reinforcing the need for government regulations.

Development of Entrepreneurship Education in Kazakhstan: The Need for Government Regulation

This paper analyses the current situation in entrepreneurship education in Kazakhstan and reveals the existence of significant gaps. The authors used research findings as well as previous studies to highlight the need to reconsider the public policy in entrepreneurship and government regulation in this relatively new field. The study recommends an approach based on “Network Governance” to ensure favourable conditions for building an effective entrepreneurial ecosystem in the country. Implementation of principles of Network Governance is intended to bring together all stakeholders, including state and local governments, education, business and civil society to develop a comprehensive system of entrepreneurship education.

Marketing of food and beverage in Brazil: scientific literature review on regulation and self-regulation of advertisements

The effects of marketing strategies for promotion of foods and beverages have been investigated due to its potential impacts on populations’ food choices, particularly among children and adolescents. The paper presents an academic literature review on regulation and self-regulation of food and beverage advertisements in Brazil, based on search performed in electronic databases. Majority of studies were based on law analysis or qualitative study of advertisements. There are sufficient evidences on the need for government regulation of advertisements addressed to children and adolescents complementarily to institutional self-regulation in order to tackle ethical transgressions on food and beverage advertisements identified in Brazil. Additionally, there should be imposition of rigorous penalties for noncompliance to ethical rules and proposition of incentives towards actions encouraging healthy food consumption patterns, in order to comprise an actual system for promotion of public health.

Efficiency of the construction market and need for government regulation

Abstract For a long time in economic theory and practice, regulation is only linked to the need for state intervention in monopolistic markets, by developing uniform, simple regulatory rules to limit and control the monopoly power, the monopoly price, mergers and acquisitions between companies in the same industry and others. In recent years the prevailing opinion that government regulation is particularly necessary in oligopolistic markets where there are several leading, dominant companies that can influence the price, quantity and quality of the product offered. However, this regulatory policy should not apply to common rules and taking into account the specifics of the market/industry, market structure (concentration level) of the various market segments and the relevant economic activity. The aim of the study: 1) Evaluation of the efficiency of the construction market, 2) Demonstrate the need for government intervention, 3) Guidelines for the implementation of the regulatory function of the government.

Structural analysis of unemployment in the Russian Federation

Research aim. The article analyzes the state of unemployment in theRussian Federation. Modern macroeconomic conditions and the state of the labor market necessitate identifying population groups, constituting unemployment risks. Both representatives of different schools of economic thought and modern Russian scholars devoted their work to studying unemployment problems and the need for government regulation of employment and unemployment. However, a more accurate characteristic of the level and state of unemployment requires a more thorough analysis. Materials and methods . In order to present the general picture of unemployment in theRussian Federation, structural analysis of the phenomenon is used with the help of corresponding indexes, which, in our opinion, make it possible to evaluate the level and state of unemployment in detail. Indexes of absolute structure changes, degree of absolute shift intensity were used for analysis, the level of concentration was determined etc. Results . The calculations revealed the most vulnerable groups in the structure of the unemployed, showing the necessity of searching for and applying new forms and tools of government policy for reducing the level of unemployment. According to the official statistics, the level of unemployment inRussia was 5.6 % in 2015. The labor market in theRussian Federation is characterized by a gender gap – unemployed men outnumber unemployed women by 7.8%. Besides, there is a consistent trend of increase in the number of university-educated unemployed people. According to the calculations, the percentage of women with higher and secondary education is higher than the share of men. The difference in the structure of the unemployed among women and men in regards to education is in average about 14% of the maximum possible. Quite a high level of youth unemployment (approximately 25%) describes the unstable position of the given group in the labor market. Calculations of Grofman, Kazinets and Ryabtsev indexes confirm it. Nevertheless, the level of concentration in distribution of unemployment among youth tends to decrease in recent years. Besides, there is a higher level of unemployment in the country as compared to the city. Unemployment in Russian regions is characterized by considerable irregularity, too. The level of unemployment amounts to 6–8% in the major territory of the country. The situation is worst in the Karachay-Cherkess andChechenRepublics, as well as in Ingushetia and Tyva. Conclusion. The analysis of unemployment revealed differences in the structure of the unemployed of different population groups. It suggests the reasonability of using new modern tools of government policy for solving unemployment problems. The most effective measures are the following: application of social partnership mechanism, stimulation of self-employment, small business support, personnel development, organization of public works, setting job quotas, economic support of employers, use of flexible employment forms of the population, information support of labor market, support of non-state services in the sphere of population employment.

Program-Targeted Regulation of the Regional Consumer Market

1. Introduction 1.1 Introduction to the Problem Globalization is progressively transforming regional markets into the branches of the global market. Any manufacturer of goods and services comes into competition with manufacturers in other regions and countries to any extent. Increased competition, market structural changes lead to changes in standards, in the range of goods, forms of trade organization, services, and other market players' behavior patterns. Deep changes also occur in value orientations, their relationship, directions of social development. High rates of economic development, due to scientific and technical progress, have expanded the possibilities for on the one hand and have led to excessive and ecological imbalance on the other hand. This situation is primarily defined in developed countries, in relation to which since the 60s of the past century definitions or of consumers were used (Ilyin, 2008). The consumer society is characterized by the accumulation of huge consumer resources and culture, focused on as the key value. In such society, is no longer a mean of survival for its citizens, but an instrument of social identity construction, social and cultural integration in the society. This is clearly shown in the most developed countries of the world. In Russia, at the edge of the 1980s-1990s there was a tendency of formation of the consumer society. It belongs to the category of countries with focal contour of the consumer society, as the scope and structure of citizens' consumption, development of the consumer market are significantly behind the developed countries. In a consumer society the revolutionary changes take place in the trade organization and in services. Key positions in the consumer market are occupied by large shopping malls, supermarkets and hypermarkets, which are transformed into places of leisure, museums of contemporary consumer culture. Cafes, restaurants, pubs and nightclubs networks are dynamically developing. They meet not only the need for food, but the need of communication without domestic problems. As a result the culture of and communication is changing, and personal relationships are increasingly mediated by the market. The structure of cost of goods and services is significantly changing. The traditional forms of exchange and consumer behavior are supplemented by token value, which plays an increasingly important role in pricing (brands). Goods are increasingly valued as the means of communication which allow showing others the information about social status, identity, fashion, and other features of its owner. Manufacturing and selling the brands become effective economic activities, as people are willing to pay for their associations, views, expectations, and preferences. Modern consumerism, materialized on the behavioral level, in the opinion of foreign scientists is people's life, too preoccupied with consumption (Gabriel & Lang, 1995). 1.2 Exploration of the Importance of the Problem Creating the prerequisites for high living standards, the consumer society generates growth of tensions for people and nature. Uncontrolled has devastating effects on the environment and human health. In this regard, the government and social structures in these countries are concerned about the issues of sustainable development. Governments of developed countries are increasingly invading into the processes taking place in the consumer market. They control product quality and safety. In 32 countries there are, for example, the standards for economically net products, in 9 countries they are being implemented, in 15 they are still developing (Ilyin, 2008). The need for government regulation of the consumer market in Russia and its regions, in contrast to developed countries now explained not so much by consumerism but by such factors as: the necessity of balanced supply and demand, efficient organization of exchange processes of goods and services, creation of conditions for fair competition and prevention of the monopolization of the market, consumer rights protection as well as the interests of the poor etc. …

Human-embryo editing now covered by stem-cell guidelines

Stem-cell scientists attempt to fend off the need for government regulation that could impede research.

Корпоративная социальная ответственность: российские и зарубежные стандарты

The article presents an analysis of the features of social practices implementation and corporate social responsibility in the business world. The authors structured the distinctive features of the American and European models of corporate social responsibility. Based on the analysis the authors highlighted the stages of formation of corporate social responsibility. Much attention is paid to the method of creating reports of Russian companies on corporate social performance and the need for government regulation which oblige companies to this activity on the example of the experience of Finland, Norway, Denmark and other countries. The recommendations of the corporate social responsibility of business structures in Russia and the former Soviet Union are suggested.