Need For Ethical Standards Research Articles

Transformative Impact of Convolutional Neural Networks on Healthcare, Autonomous Systems, and Global Technological Advancements

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have significantly impacted various industries by enabling machines to process visual data with unprecedented accuracy. This paper explores the transformative effects of CNNs on key sectors such as healthcare, autonomous systems, security, and environmental monitoring. In healthcare, CNNs are used in medical imaging for early diagnosis and treatment planning, enhancing telemedicine capabilities. In autonomous systems, CNNs enable real-time object detection and navigation, contributing to the development of safer, more efficient vehicles. In security, CNNs power facial recognition systems, raising both opportunities and ethical concerns regarding privacy and surveillance. Environmental monitoring benefits from CNNs through climate change research and wildlife conservation efforts, where they analyze vast amounts of data for critical insights. The paper also addresses the challenges posed by CNNs, including data privacy, security, and algorithmic bias, emphasizing the need for ethical standards and regulatory frameworks. Future advancements in CNN architectures and their integration with other AI models are expected to expand their applicability further and improve performance across different domains. This analysis underscores the dual importance of technological progress and ethical considerations to ensure that the benefits of CNNs are equitably distributed, contributing positively to global technological development and societal well-being.

Moving Towards Ethical-Practical Recommendations for Alzheimer's Disease Prediction: Addressing Interindividual, Interprofessional, and Societal Aspects.

Biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) are advancing and their implementation in various healthcare systems is imminent. There is a need for ethical standards addressing information needs, socio-ethical concerns, and expectations of healthy and at-risk persons. We present an ethical approach that integrates different existing ethical frameworks and discussion of our empirical, cross-cultural findings in a multi-layered perspective by addressing three levels. The micro-level focuses on the communication between counseling professionals, persons at risk or in an early stage of dementia, and family members. The meso-level addresses interprofessional cooperation and exchange as a key element for best person-centered care. The macro-level considers public health promotion, the media, and public-funded research. This approach allows to address key ethical concepts including beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, informational self-determination, empowerment, and justice. Our contribution specifically examines the ethical challenges associated with AD prediction by means of biomarkers, based on insights from a German-Israeli comparison, and promotes a transdisciplinary discussion across different healthcare contexts. We propose a reflection on three levels to go beyond the clinical counseling context and to consider the rapidly evolving field of biomarkers in the coming years. Our ethical-practical recommendations should not be considered final, but rather procedural and will require continuous adaptation regarding culturally varying practices, new algorithms, meta-analyses, and re-evaluation of established recommendations.

THE IMPACT OF PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS ON MAINTAINING LOYALTY TO THE PRINCIPLES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHIC IN AUDIT

Noticing the growing interest of the auditing profession in providing services to the users at the highest level of performance, it has appeared an increasingly stringent need for ethical standards, which purpose is to promote the ethics culture in the audit activity. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on all aspects of life, but also on the audit activity. This situation, required the auditors to review the audit process, and the resulting economic risks led to an increase in the auditor’s attention to obtaining reasonable assurance as to the continuity of his client’s business by providing sufficient adequate audit evidence. This is the reason why it is necessary that the auditor respect every time the ethical standards, decreasing in this way the audit risks and protect the image of audited entity. This scientific work seeks to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on maintaining ethics in auditing. In this case, an online questionnaire covering the aspects of professional ethics was disseminated among the Moldovan auditors. The obtained answers show the fidelity of the auditors towards the principles of professional ethics in auditing and in unforeseen circumstances.

Nurse researchers' perspectives on research ethics in China.

In China, research ethics is a subject of increasingly formal regulation. However, little is known about how nursing researchers understand the concept of research ethics and the ways in which they can maintain ethical standards in their work. The aim of this study is to examine nursing researchers' perspectives on research ethics in China. We conducted a descriptive qualitative study. Qualitative research methods enabled us to gain an in-depth understanding of nursing researchers' views on research ethics. We carefully selected and extensively interviewed 28 nursing researchers, nursing faculty, and clinical nurses who had been involved in research or who may undertake research in the future. We collected data between October 2014 and March 2015. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Yale University and Central South University. We grouped the data into five categories based on the interviewees' responses: (1) perceptions of ethics, bioethics, and research ethics; (2) perception of the ethics review process; (3) perception of the function of institutional review boards; (4) the need for comprehensive ethical guidelines for future studies; and (5) ethical challenges faced by the interviewees. This study contributes new insights into nursing researchers' views on research ethics in China and finds considerable shortcomings in researchers' understanding and implementation of ethical principles. Intensive educational efforts are needed to provide nursing researchers, institutional review board members, and even study subjects with accurate and up-to-date information and guidance on research ethics. In addition, while Western research ethics theoretically have guided Chinese clinical research for several years, the ways in which nursing researchers have implemented these ethical standards highlight the differences between the Eastern and Western ethical paradigms. This finding suggests the need for ethical standards that are more tailored to the Chinese context.

Boundaries with Social Media: Ethical Considerations for Rehabilitation Professionals

The increase in social networking media, online and distance counseling, and the ubiquitous use of laptops, hand-held devices, and internet connected devices at home and in work settings have resulted in the need for ethical standards to help guide rehabilitation professionals in service delivery. In response, the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) has incorporated Section J: Technology and Distance Counseling into the CRCC Code of Ethics. Additionally, the CRCC released a social media policy on their website. However, specific ethical standards addressing the use of social media have not been implemented. The purpose of this manuscript is to address potential issues that can arise in interacting with clients through social media. Specifically, we will discuss the following areas: (1) digital immigrants and natives, (2) social media mechanics, (3) advantages of using social media, (4) disadvantages of using social media, (5) social media and the CRCC Code of Ethics, (6) using social media professionally, privately, or not at all, and (7) implementing a social media policy. Discussion and recommendations are provided.

Context-Sensitive Ethics in School Psychology

Ethical codes and licensing rules provide foundational guidance for practicing school psychologists, but these sources fall short in their capacity to facilitate effective decision-making. When faced with ethical dilemmas, school psychologists can turn to decision-making models, but step-wise decision trees frequently lack the situation sensitivity needed for our most daunting ethical challenges. This article proposes a context-sensitive approach to ethics in school psychology that balances the need for ethical standards with an overt acknowledgement of the critical role of situational variables, values, and contextual factors. A context-sensitive ethics framework is presented and illustrated with case examples, followed by recommendations for practitioners.

Global Information Ethics in LIS

Even most rational approach to ethics is defenseless if there isn't will to do what is right.-Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008)Ethics, or moral philosophy, derived from ethos, is principle, character, and behavior of knowing and doing what is right and just. Defined by Oxford English Dictionary as the science of morals; department of study concerned with principles of human duty and the rules of conduct recognized in certain associations, professional ethical responsibilities have long been expected of many professions including teaching, medicine, finance, and law, yet formal ethical standards for library and information professionals have only recently, relative to age of profession, been considered, developed, and published.Information ethics in library and information science, a term first expressed in 1988 (Hauptman, 1988, p. 3; Capurro, 1998), refers to production, dissemination, storage, retrieval, security and application of information within an ethical (Hauptman, 2002, p. 121). The ethical and moral obligations, challenges and conflicts which may result when people, information, and facilitators (i.e., librarians) interact, demonstrate need for ethical standards to guide facilitator, and indeed to ensure optimal conditions for information to be created, used, and preserved. They are statements to guide and define ideals and standards of librarianship in particular societal contexts in which they are formulated.Yet, information ethics standards must first be governed by national, federal, and local laws, covering aspects such as labor standards (what is a librarian required to do, or to not do?), technology (what technology can be used/ accessed, and how, especially at tax-payers' expense?), information laws (what limits have been placed on access to information about potentially controversial subjects?), audience (who may or may not access a library's services and why? and how (or is) privacy of user ensured?). The American Library Association (ALA) Library Bill of Rights, for example, provides an ideal statement of principles, and refines those principles to refer specifically to intellectual freedom in Code of Ethics; however, any conflicts, challenges or obligation in ensuring those standards and ideals would be governed by American law, making code unenforceable (Wiegand, 1996, p. 84) at professional level, and thus remaining hopeful ideals. The importance of recognizing ethical standards is not in question, yet need for often unenforceable codes must be examined; why are formal codes necessary, what makes a code effective, and how can rhetoric, rights, responsibility, and reality be reconciled in context of information ethics in library and information science?The ALA Code of Ethics includes following in its short preamble: ...we recognize importance of codifying and making known to profession and to general public ethical principles that guide work of librarians...; can library and information professionals move beyond ethical ideals in principle to mindful application and implementation? Many formal ethical codes of national library/librarians associations refer to a national charter, constitution or similar document, and sometimes directly or indirectly to global human rights and some specifically to elements of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). While also not legally binding, UDHR can be used to morally or politically influence those states, nations, leaders or governments which violate principles of declaration, though language of document is subjective. Should codes of ethics be based on UDHR, even though it has no legal authority? Can a code be applicable to all information (Baldwin, 1996), regardless of technology or format? Can a code accommodate as yet unknown privacy or security concerns (Moor, 2005)? Can a code exclude anyone for some reason? …

AN ETHICAL BASE FOR MARKETING DECISION MAKING

The Need for Ethical Standards The 1970's and 1980's have witnessed an increased concern about building an ethical foundation upon which to make better business decisions in those areas where the Tightness or wrongness of those decisions is open to question. Ethics is the name given to the attempt to think through the moral implications of human actions; business ethics is the study of the morality of business decisions and the determination of standards for those decisions.