Need For Antioxidants Research Articles

A review of the impact of environmental pollutions on reproductive health and risk mitigation strategies

AbstractThe reproductive health system holds paramount importance for human well‐being. Reproductive health is notably susceptible to oxidative stress, triggered by the generation of reactive oxygen species from pollutants such as Cd is often found in cigarette smoke ultimately resulting in diminished fertility among couples. This review aims to comprehensively discuss the repercussions and hazards posed by pollutants to reproductive health, elucidating how pollution can instigate reproductive disorders and proposing mitigation strategies. The first set of questions aimed to avert pregnancy abnormalities and curtail morbidity and mortality rates and underscores the need for antioxidants as a pivotal risk mitigation strategy. Fostering public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is imperative. These sustainable solutions and the involvement of expert organizations at local, national, and global scales, employing a multidisciplinary approach, are indispensable for effective problem‐solving in this domain. Findings from the review highlight a correlation between pregnancy complications, encompassing spontaneous abortions, premature deliveries, and low birth weight (LBW), attributable to pollutants, thereby escalating morbidity and mortality rates.

In Vitro Test of Antioxidant Activity of Leilem Leaf Ethanol Extract (Clerodendrum minahassae) Using DPPH and FRAP Methods

The risk of degenerative diseases is increasing due to unhealthy lifestyles. Many people consume junk food, smoke, and do not protect themselves from sun exposure and pollution, exposing their bodies to free radicals. Free radicals can cause oxidative stress, necessitating the need for antioxidants to neutralize them. The leilem plant (Clerodendrum minahassae) is an endemic plant from North Sulawesi that is often used in traditional dishes and medicine. Moreover, leilem leaves are believed to be a source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of leilem leaf ethanol extract as a source of antioxidants. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using phytochemical screening and antioxidant assays such as 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) methods, with ascorbic acid as a comparison. The level of antioxidant activity was measured by determining the IC50 value, which corresponds to the concentration of extract required to inhibit 50% of free radicals. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of leilem (Clerodendrum minahassae) leaves contains active compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids, and alkaloids, indicating a high potential for antioxidant activity. The IC50 value for the DPPH method was 78.799 ppm, and the IC50 value for the FRAP method was 92.127 ppm. These results demonstrate that the ethanol extract of leilem leaves has strong antioxidant activity in both the DPPH and FRAP methods.

The Antioxidant Ability and Extraction Yield of Beta Carotene

Beta carotene (β-Carotene), one of the most abundant carotenoids in fruit and vegetables, is an essential source of antioxidants. The antioxidation ability of β-Carotene has been through in vitro and in vivo tests, which proved that the compound could prevent the oxidation of singlet and triplet oxygen, oil, and fats. Since β-Carotene is unstable and prone to oxidation when exposed to high temperature and high light intensity, various extraction methods have been tested and applied to get to the maximised yield and purity of the extract. Among all the extraction methods, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) is the most efficient, with almost 100% extraction yield. The need for antioxidants by the public promoted the production of β-Carotene nutraceuticals and cosmetics. This essay compared the efficacy of different extraction methods and bioactivity of β-Carotene in different research papers and concluded the extraction method with the highest efficiency.

Recapitulating Antioxidant and Antibacterial Compounds into a Package for Tissue Regeneration: Dual Function Materials with Synergistic Effect.

Oxidative damage and infection can prevent or delay tissue repair. Moreover, infection reinforces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which makes the wound's condition even worse. Therefore, the need for antioxidant and antibacterial agents is felt for tissue regeneration. There are emerging up-and-coming biomaterials that recapitulate both properties into a package, offering an effective solution to turn the wound back into a healing state. In this article, the principles of antioxidant and antibacterial activity are summarized. The review starts with biological aspects, getting the readers to familiarize themselves with tissue barriers against infection. This is followed by the chemistry and mechanism of action of antioxidant and antibacterial materials (dual function). Eventually, the outlook and challenges are underlined to provide where the dual-function biomaterials are and where they are going in the future. It is expected that the present article inspires the designing of dual-function biomaterials to more advanced levels by providing the fundamentals and comparative points of view and paving the clinical way for these materials.

Efficient rapid fractionation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) through evaporative urea inclusion

FAMEs work as an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuels for its low carbon footprint. However, FAMEs' qualities are constrained by the sources' fatty acid profiles. Fractionation of FAMEs can significantly change biodiesel's qualities. Compared to other fractionation methods, evaporative urea inclusion fractionation can rapidly and effectively separate the saturated FAMEs. In addition, FTIR analysis indicated the possible conjugation of host structures by unstable hydrogen bonding and oxygen bonding. Crystallite sizes and strain of urea inclusion compounds (UICs) were calculated from the XRD spectrum, influenced by FAMEs' structures and operation processes. Only the ratios of urea to FAMEs can significantly affect compositions in evaporative urea inclusion fractionation. However, UICs formation rates were influenced by all operation conditions, such as temperatures, pressures, and ratios of urea to FAMEs to solvent. The products were evaluated by the low-temperature performance, cetane number, oxidation stability, energy density, and emissions. Urea inclusion fractionation can significantly improve the low-temperature performance, the major constraint for enlarging the utilization. However, the decreased cetane number and oxidation stability indicated the possible need for antioxidants and cetane improvers after urea inclusion fractionation. Moreover, the unsaturated enriched products from urea inclusion fractionation can provide the feedstock to synthesize biochemical or biomaterials, such as carboxylic acids, polyesters, and biolubricants.

Professional education of physicians and occupational diseases Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract. Interest in preparations containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids arose as a result of epidemiological studies conducted in the 1970s. Linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids are essential fatty acids. Obviously, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids should also be classified as essential fatty acids. In the body, unsaturated and partially polyunsaturated fatty acids can be synthesized by the successive participation of chain elongation enzymes called elongases and desaturation enzymes (i.e. forming double bonds at the appropriate positions in the chain) called desaturases. The consumption of polyunsaturated higher fatty acids increasesthe need for antioxidants, especially vitamin E, since peroxidation products easily formed from polyunsaturated higher ω-3 fatty acids have a damaging effect on the body cells and tissues.

Changes in oxidative stress and ultrastructure of the sperm of silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus , related to cryopreservation using a dry shipper

An investigation was conducted to clarify the role of oxidative stress and ultrastructural changes on the sperm of the silver barb, Barbonymus gonionotus caused by the cryopreservation. The sperm was cryopreserved using a dry shipper and 500-μl straws loaded with 160 μl extended semen and 10% DMSO, frozen for 2 min within the upper chamber of the dry shipper, and immediately transferred into the lower chamber for cryostorage. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels of silver barb sperm were affected by the freezing and cryostorage period, progressively increasing (p < 0.01) throughout the 14-day cryostorage. The ultrastructural defects, apoptotic, and necrotic cells were higher (p < 0.01) in the post-thawed sperm. There were inverse correlations between ultrastructural damage and the sperm qualities (motility; r = −0.84, p < 0.0001 and viability; r = −0.72, p < 0.001). In conclusion, this cryopreservation procedure had the effect on the oxidative and ultrastructural damage in the sperm cells. There is a need for antioxidants supplement to avoid the oxidative damage and ultrastructural alteration during freezing–thawing process.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY LEAVES KATIMAHA (Kleinhovia hospita L.)

The free radicals that people face in their daily activities require humans to get additional antioxidants from the outside. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to look for many sources of natural antioxidants considering the need for antioxidants that are increasingly needed Katimaha (K. hospita L.) is believed to have many benefits in the field of medicine. Therefore, katimaha has the potential to be used as a source of natural antioxidants. The research methods carried out were refining katimaha leaf simplicia, extraction, fractionation, antioxidant activity test with TLC plate, purification, determination of compound class, and antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method. The results showed that the active fraction of Katimaha leaf was the n-hexane fraction and the ethyl acetate fraction. Column chromatography on the active fraction found six pure eluates that had antioxidant activity, namely N1, N3, N5, E1, E2, and E4. Groups of compounds N1, N3, N5, E1 are terpenoids, group E2 eluates are tannins, while E3 eluates are flavonoid compounds. The pure eluate antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method obtained IC50 values of N1 are 40,142 ppm, N3 80,057 ppm, N5 271,643 ppm and E1 89,16 ppm, E2 124.91 ppm and E4 52.51 ppm.

The effect of nano curcumin on oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis patients

Rationale: Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis. Primary CFTR Protein dysfunction, excessive accumulation of neutrophils in the lung, impaired glutathione transport and its deficiency in the air way epithelium, malabsorption of antioxidant particularly vitamin E and finally, an increasing need for antioxidants due to recurrent lung infections leads to pro-oxidant-antioxidant imbalances in cystic fibrosis patients. Since Nano curcumin has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and also has high bioavailability, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Nano curcumin on oxidative stress in these patients.

Development of functional products by enriching plant raw materials with antioxidant

The deterioration of the ecological situation, the change in the structure of nutrition in the existing conditions determined fundamentally new trends formed in the social order for the development of entire groups of special-purpose food products. Creating and developing innovative technologies and increasing the nutritional value of products will allow replenishing the consumer market with domestic functional food products. The articlepresents the results of developing a recipe and production technology for lingering functional cookies using dry extracts of plants Melissaofficinalis (Melissa officinalis), Salviaofficinalis (Salvia officinalis), Leonurusquinquelobatus (motherwort), Crataegusspecies (hawthorn) and Valerianaofficinalis (Valerian officinalis), the introduction of which made it possible to enrich the products with antioxidants. Studies on the establishment of a method for applying dry extracts at various stages of the technological process for the production of long-lasting cookies are presented, and the expediency of replacing 7.0% flour with plant extracts is justified. It is proved that the developed cookies changed their quality indicators more slowly during storage. The results of determining the chemical composition of cookies “Energy of Nature” are reflected and the degree of satisfaction of the body’s daily need for individual nutrients and energy during its use is calculated in comparison with the control sample. It is shown that the introduction of plant extracts allowed to reduce the energy value of products, increase the content of beta-carotene, ascorbic acid and flavonoids. When consuming 100 g of the developed cookies, the human body receives 58 mg of antioxidants. This corresponds to 16.6 % of the daily human need for antioxidants, which makes it possible to classify cookies “Energy of Nature” as functional products.

A Clinical Study on Efficacy of Ajeya Ghrita in Dushivisha Janya Lakshana

In modern era or day to day life cumulative toxicity (Dushivisha) increases the need for antioxidants as the body attempts to neutralize the harmful substances. The factors such as Viruddhahara and Ahitahara, fast foods and cold beverages, alcohol, tobacco, pesticides, metals and pollutants etc. can be considered under Dushivisha (cumulative poison). Aggravate Dosha vitiate the Dhatu (elements of body) specially Rakta Dhatu, it deposits in body tissues due to mild potency in nature, it covered by Kapha dosha and produces many diseases in favorable condition. Acharya Sushruta in Kalp sthana mentioned Ajeya Ghrita as a best remedy for the management of Dushivisha derived diseases. The content of Ajeya ghrita have Laghu, Rukhsha, Tiksna, Katu, Ushna, Kushthaghna, Krimighana Vishghna and antioxidant properties can help the breakdown the pathogenesis of Dushi visha. This formulation is given in 30 patients which is divided in two group having 15 patients in each group in oral dose of 12gm BD with lukewarm water for 30 days with follow up 30 days. Patient having sign and symptoms of fever, Kotha (skin allergies), Kasa (cough), Trishna (increased thirst), abdominal pain, recurrent Avipaka (indigestion)/ Arochak (anorexia), recurrent Chardi (vomiting)/ nausea, recurrent Shirahshool (headache)/ dizziness, recurrent Jwara (fever), recurrent Atisara (diarrhea), premature aging (wrinkling of skin, greying and loss of hair etc.), Smritinasha (loss of memory), recurrent Daurbalya (weakness), result found 1 patient (6.67%) were completely remitted in Group A while group B not found. 4 patients (26.66%) Group A, while in Group B, 3 (20%) were moderately improved respectively. 5 patients (33.33%) were no relief in group A and 4 (40%) in group B, no relief in any symptoms.

Soy – Sorghum Milk as a Functional Drink Source of Antioxidants

Background: With the increasing need for antioxidants as a support for health, this study was conducted to determine the functional potential of drinks made from soybeans and sorghum by determining organoleptic, proximate, and antioxidant activity properties. Methods: In this study, the formulations of soy milk (Glycine max (L.) Merill) added with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) were including F1 (100% soy milk), F2 (90% soy milk: 10% sorghum), F2 (80% soy milk: 20% sorghum), and F3 (70% soy milk: 30% sorghum). The organoleptic test consisted of a hedonic test and a hedonic quality test involving 25 semitrained panelists measured using an analogue visual scale (0–10). Antioxidant activity identification was determined through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: This study found that sorghum’s addition to soy milk significantly affected the hedonic quality value of aroma and texture (P

The Effect of Potassium Iodide Absorption on the Concentration of Antioxidants in Tomato Fruits

Antioxidants are molecules found in fruits and vegetables that have the ability to fight substances in the human body that are detrimental to cells and genetic material. There is a high need for antioxidants, and the current method for boosting antioxidants is genetic modification, which is controversial in society; however, there is a lack of research concerning increasing antioxidant concentrations in plants in a natural manner. Thus, the efficacy of an iodine water drip can be called into question. Iodine has been proven to increase antioxidant enzymatic activity in animals and certain leafy vegetables. This paper will evaluate the effectiveness of an potassium iodide enriched water drip on the concentration of antioxidants in tomato plants. potassium iodide (KI) solution was created from diluting KI crystals into water, and the tomatoes were watered every day over a three month growth period. At the end of the allotted growth period, four tomatoes were plucked from each group—the potassium iodide group, and the control group that was watered regularly. In order to calculate the increase in concentration, each tomato was mashed with an Efferdent denture-cleansing tablet so as to measure the absorbance of each sample using the blue dye from the tablet. Once obtaining the absorbance, the concentrations were found using Beer’s law. Using a 2 sample T-test for the difference in antioxidants, the increase in antioxidants was found to be statistically significant.

Assessment of Relationship between Antioxidant Activity, Toxicity and Phenol Content of Cayratia trifolia Ethanolic Extract

Introduction: Cayratia trifolia is a plant that has the potential as a natural antioxidant. The use of natural antioxidant need to be known its toxicity and phenol content. As the limited knowledge of the antioxidant properties and phenolic content of many plant species used as traditional plant medicine. Phenolic molecules and flavonoids are important antioxidant components which are responsible for deactivating free radicals based on their ability to donate hydrogen atoms to free radicals. Objective: this study aims to assess relationship between the antioxidant activity, toxicity and phenol content of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, chloroform fraction and leaf ethanol fraction and Cayratia trifolia stems. Methods: The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikril-hidrazil) method the total phenol content used the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the toxicity test used the method Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Results: The results of this study indicate that the highest % yield is at leaf ethanol fraction 24.52%. The phytochemical screening showed that the extract and ethanol fraction leaves and stems contain alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, polyphenols and steroids. N-hexane fraction and Chloroform leaves and stems contain polyphenol and steroid compounds. There is antioxidant activity in the ethanol fraction of Cayratia trifolia rods has an IC50 value of 58.4 ppm and the highest total phenol content which is 56.2 μg / mL. The toxicity test showed that the chloroform and ethanol fraction was stem had the highest toxicity activity with an LC50 value of 92.4 ppm. Conclusion: This indicates that the ethanol fraction is active as an antioxidant and the chloroform fraction of the stem is active as an anti cancer.

Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesised Using Maranta Arundinacea Root Extract

The main aim of this study was to employ Maranta arundinacea root extract in the synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles and check the antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect. The use of nanotechnology in medicine especially for drug delivery is shown to have numerous benefits. Nanoparticles are being used to lessen toxicity and facet results that capsules may additionally impose on the patient. The zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using different plant extract used for many biomedical applications such as anticancer activity, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, antifungal activity and many more applications used in medicine ( Diagnosis and drug) Plant mediated organic synthesis of nanoparticles has been gaining importance because of its simplicity and eco friendliness. Maranta arundinacea mediated Zinc oxide nanoparticles were initially synthesised and characterised by UV-Visible spectrophotometer and TEM. Further the Maranta arundinacea mediated ZnoNPs were subjected to DPPH assay to determine the antioxidant activity. Maranta arundinacea mediated ZnoNPs were biosynthesised with ease and showed good antioxidant and cytotoxic activity . This study concludes that Maranta arundinacea mediated ZnoNPs nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an effective antioxidant. Hence, it may be employed in large scale production and may be used in many medicinal applications where there is a need for antioxidant.

Total kandungan antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah beringin (Ficus benjamina Linn.)

Dewasa ini kebutuhan akan antioksidan meningkat. Kemajuan teknologi dan ilmu pengetahuan alam mendorong peningkatan jumlah senyawa-senyawa radikal bebas dan oksidator. Penetlitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkur kandungan total antioksidan ekstrak etanol buah beringin (Ficus benjamina Linn.). Pengukuran kandungan total antioksidan dimulai dengan ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi. Buah beringin yang baru dipetik dimaserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 95% selama 3×24 jam. Maserasi dilakukan pada suhu ruang dan dijauhkan dari sinar matahari. Filtrat hasil maserasi kemudian dievaporasi hingga mendapatkan ekstrak kental etanol. Ekstrak etanol kemudian diukur kemampuan antioksidannya menggunakan uji fosfomolybdenum. Pengukuran menggunakan spektrovotometer UV-Vis. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol sebesar 43.73 mg/gram AAE.

Physicochemical property enhancement of biodiesel synthesis from hybrid feedstocks of waste cooking vegetable oil and Beauty leaf oil through optimized alkaline-catalysed transesterification

Recycling waste cooking vegetable oils by reclaiming and using these oils as biodiesel feedstocks is one of the promising solutions to address global energy demands. However, producing these biodiesels poses a significant challenge because of their poor physicochemical properties due the high free fatty acid content and impurities present in the feedstock, which will reduce the biodiesel yields. Hence, this study implemented the following strategy in order to address this issue: (1) 70 vol% of waste cooking vegetable oil blended with 30 vol% of Calophyllum inophyllum oil named as WC70CI30 used to alter its properties, (2) a three-stage process (degumming, esterification, and transesterification) was conducted which reduces the free fatty acid content and presence of impurities, and (3) the transesterification process parameters (methanol/oil ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst concentration) were optimized using response surface methodology in order to increase the biodiesel conversion yield. The results show that the WC70CI30 biodiesel has favourable physicochemical properties, good cold flow properties, and high oxidation stability (22.4 h), which fulfil the fuel specifications stated in the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. It found that the WC70CI30 biodiesel has great potential as a diesel substitute without the need for antioxidants and pour point depressants.

Comparative studies on the antioxidant activity of selected alcoholic and non-alcoholic wines commonly consumed in Madonna University, Nigeria

Wines have very essential health benefits due to the presence of compounds that possess antioxidant properties like polyphenols such as anthocyanins, and the body is known to carry out complex metabolic reactions which could release free radicals, hence the need for antioxidants. This study was carried out to understand the increasing intake of wines. A total of four selected wine samples (Don Morris, Baron Romero, Capel, Raim D’Or) were analyzed to evaluate their antioxidative capability. A low IC50 value means high scavenging activity by the wine sample. From the results obtained, it was observed that Don Morris had the highest inhibition activity in relation to nitric oxide radical, when compared against the control Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) only. The IC50 for superoxide anion inhibition was significantly low in Don Morris wine (1.63 ± 0.09%) when compared with Raim D’Or wine (18.31 ± 4.16%). Furthermore, in the DPPH radical scavenging assay Don Morris wine had a low IC50 value of (0.63±0.02%) compared to Raim D’Or with (1.31 ± 0.16%), indicating a more efficient DPPH radical inhibiting activity. Conclusively, Don Morris showed high inhibitory effect of DPPH, Nitric oxide and Superoxide anion free radicals, when compared with the other wines used for the research. Therefore, to avoid or manage oxidative stress and its related diseases, it is recommended that Don Morris wine be taken as it has shown its potential in the inhibition of free radicals hence higher antioxidant activity when compared with Baron Romero, Capel and Raim D’Or wines.

Blocking LPA-dependent signaling increases ovarian cancer cell death in response to chemotherapy

The paradoxical role of reactive oxygen species in cell death versus cell survival establishes a delicate balance between chemotherapy efficacy and management of detrimental side effects. Normal proliferative signaling requires that cells remain inside a redox range that allows reversible protein oxidation to occur. Shifting the redox environment toward highly reducing or oxidizing states leads to cellular stress and cell death. Reactive oxygen species produced in response to Taxol and cisplatin treatment are necessary for effective cancer cell killing but the same ROS leads to damaging side effects in normal tissues. Combining antioxidants with chemotherapeutics to alleviate the unwanted side effects produces variable and often undesirable effects on cancer treatment. Here, we describe a more targeted method to improve ovarian cancer cell killing without the need for antioxidants. In ovarian cancer cells, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a prominent growth factor that contributes to tumor survival and proliferation. We find that blocking LPA-dependent signaling with a specific receptor antagonist consistently increases cell death in response to both Taxol and cisplatin. We propose that inhibiting the upregulated growth factor-dependent signaling in cancer cells will target chemo-insensitivity, potentially lowering the necessary dose of the drugs and preventing harmful side effects.

Feeding antioxidant vitamin and vegetable oils to broilers: vitamin E reduced negative effect of soybean oil on immune response and meat lipid oxidation

This study investigated the effect of feeding vitamin E, vitamin C, and two sources of vegetable oil on immune response and meat quality of broilers. A total of 320 one-day-old chicks were used in a completely randomised design with eight treatments arranged as a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with two levels of vitamin E (0 and 200 mg/kg), two levels of vitamin C (0 and 1000 mg/kg), and two sources of vegetable oil (soybean and canola). Dietary supplementation of either vitamin E or C increased (P &lt; 0.05) secondary humoral response, whereas oil sources had no significant effect. Broilers fed soybean oil had lower cellular response to the phytohemagglutinin skin test than those fed canola oil in diet, and supplementation of vitamin E increased cellular immune response. However, fat, cholesterol and pH of meat were not affected by source of oil or antioxidants, lipid oxidation was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in thigh and breast meat of broilers fed soybean oil than canola oil. Dietary supplementation of vitamin E decreased (P &lt; 0.05) lipid oxidation in thigh and breast of broilers fed diet containing soybean oil, without any effect on meat oxidation of those fed canola oil. Dietary supplementation of vitamin C increased lipid oxidation in thigh meat of broilers (P &lt; 0.05). It can be concluded that inclusion of soybean oil to the diet, compared with canola oil, increased need for antioxidant. Vitamin E had beneficial effects on immune response and reduced meat lipid oxidation; nonetheless future studies should explore the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in stored meat.