Neck In Infants Research Articles

Cluster of papules on an infant's neck

Cluster of papules on an infant's neck

Cluster of papules on an infant's neck.

Journal of Paediatrics and Child HealthVolume 57, Issue 5 p. 761-761 Images of the Month Cluster of papules on an infant's neck First published: 07 May 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.2_15244Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume57, Issue5May 2021Pages 761-761 RelatedInformation

Cluster of papules on an infant's neck.

Cluster of papules on an infant's neck.

Necrotising Fasciitis of Head and Neck in Infants

Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a rapidly progressing soft tissue infection having high risk of morbidity and mortality. Though it is a common condition encounter in surgical practice for adults, it’s incidence in children are very low. In children also abdomen is the most common site for NF. It’s involvement in head and neck is extremely rare. Here we discuss the clinical features and management of three cases of NFs in head and neck region of infants and also look for the etiology, clinical presentation and management for same.

Cervical subaxial spine uni-facet dislocation occurring in an infant

Abstract While pediatric spinal injuries account for between 1 and 10% of all spinal injuries A six month old male infant presented to our unit with the history that the child had fallen down two stairs whilst in his walker. The child's mother reported that since the event the child was irritable and had pain in his neck that seemed to be getting worse. Examination of the infant's neck revealed a 10 degree rotational deformity to the left and lower cervical posterior midline tenderness. There was no obvious step palpable. The rest of his neurological examination was normal. A computed tomographic scan of his cervical spine confirmed a left C6/C7 unifacet dislocation. The unifacet dislocation was successfully reduced under conscious sedation, using a halter, with serial imaging being performed. A post-reduction MRI confirmed the successful reduction and excluded cord compression. The infant was placed in a rigid cervical collar for 3 weeks and re-imaged with flexion/extension views. Fortunately the infants imaging excluded instability and he made a full recovery. In conclusion this case report gives an account of a sub-axial cervical spine injury pattern commonly seen in adults and very rarely encountered in infants. Closed reduction and a cervical brace were used to successfully manage this very rare injury.

Tummy Time for Latinos With Limited English Proficiency: Evaluating the Feasibility of a Cultural and Linguistically Adapted Parent Education Intervention

PurposeTummy Time is preventive positioning designed to strengthen an infant's neck and upper body muscles and minimize musculoskeletal disorders, including positional plagiocephaly. Latino parents with limited English proficiency (LEP) may experience barriers to receiving instruction on this important health-promotion strategy. Study aims included 1) adaptation and implementation of a Spanish-language version of Tummy Time; 2) evaluation of participant Tummy Time knowledge; and 3) assessment of efficacy and acceptability of the Spanish language intervention. Design and MethodsThis feasibility study involved translation of educational materials into Spanish, creation of Spanish-language print materials, and training of bilingual research assistants to deliver the educational intervention. Participants were 21 Latino expectant and current parents with self-identified LEP. Participants completed brief pre- and post-tests and performed a return demonstration. ResultsParticipant knowledge of Tummy Time increased post-intervention. Program evaluation and on-site observations supported feasibility and acceptability. ConclusionsThe cultural and linguistic tailoring of targeted educational interventions is a feasible and potentially effective strategy to overcome barriers experienced by parents with limited English proficiency and may contribute to improved infant health outcomes. Practice ImplicationsTo be effective, health education programs must be tailored to the target population. Pediatric nurses and nurse practitioners should be aware that populations with LEP face many barriers that may inhibit their ability to participate in and understand health promotion educational activities. While translating interventions can mitigate language barriers, providers should also evaluate and address other barriers such as time constraints, transportation issues, and trust.

A Comparison of Outcome of Age at Time Surgery between Younger and Older than 8 Years Old in Children with Congenital Muscular Torticollis

Objective: Comparing results between surgical techniques and age at the time of surgery, and the effectiveness of surgical release unipolar or bipolar or both the sternocleidomastoid muscle for congenital muscular torticollis. Methods: This study was a retrospective study of 44 cases with sternocleidomastoid muscle. Children had operated release at mean age: 6.2 years old, at Pediatric Orthopaedic Department of National Hospital for Padiatrics between October 2006 and December 2015. Preoperative assessment included the age of child at presentation, any previous history of swelling in the neck in infancy. The degree of neck tilt and range of motion of the neck, flexion and limitation of rotation were recorded. The ultrasound, measure cervico-mandibular angle (CMA). Children had performed operation by Unipolar or Bipolar release. Operative results were according to assess by the score of Cheng et al. Results: The patients were divided into two Variants. Variant 1 (patients Younger than 8 Years) had 33 Patients and Variant 2 (patients Older than 8 Years) had 11 patients. Sex: Female: 18, Male 26; Mean age: 6.2 years old; Affect side: Right: 31, Left: 13; Operative Methods: Unipolar: 33, Bipolar: 11; Follow-up: 55.0 months (24-81). Improvement of limitation of Lateral Bending in Variant 1/Variant 2: 95.2%/63.2%; Improvement of Limitation of Rotation in Variant 1/Variant 2: 63.9%/52.7%; Improvement of Angle of Head Tilt in Variant 1/Variant 2: 86.6%/66.3%. Accepted result (Excellent Good): 30/33 (90.9% in Variant 1, 8/11 (72.7%) in Variant 2. Conclusion: The diagnostic and evaluation of CMT requires a systematic team approach with members from fields of radiology, physiotherapy, craniofacial surgery, orthopaedics, neurosurgery and ophthalmology. The patients should be performed surgery for neck muscle release only if torticollis persists after the age of one year. The rehabilitation should be performed soon after surgery.

ERB’S PALSY: DO SOMETHING TODAY THAT YOUR FUTURE COULD THANK YOU FOR…

It has been observed that in developing countries, there is small number of hospitals, who understand the child’s problems and implement proper rehabilitation. Unluckily, they only focus on inpatients care. In addition, Communal- based, observational studies in developing countries provide an estimated prevalence of juvenile disabilities ranging from 0.4-12.7% 1. Similarly,the leading cause of increasing number of Erb’s palsy is due to birth defects and lack of awareness of physical therapy. Which in turn highlight the neglected aspect of this disability. Erb’s palsy may occur due to breech delivery, prolong labor leading to injury at the time of birth in case it is not handled with care. Moreover, forceful pulling of head and neck of infant when passes through birth canal, fetal macrosomia2, stretching or pressure on shoulder of infant that may lead to major and complex brachial plexus injuries.These commonly involves upper cervical trunk (C5-C6) that requires special care and handling.

Infant Neck Abscess: Case Report and Review of Literature

Infant Neck Abscess: Case Report and Review of Literature

Multiple juvenile xanthogranuloma: A rare case of having clinical appearance mimicking molluscum contagiosum or syringoma

Introduction: Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is an uncommon benign cutaneous fibrohistiocytic, self-healing, class II non-Langerhan’s cell histiocytosis (NLCH). JXG accounts for 80-90% of cases of NLCH. It occurs most commonly on the head and neck of infants and young children and resolves spontaneously. Case: A one year-old boy presented with asymptomatic, multiple yellowish, shiny, and firm nodules with telangiectasia on the surface, measuring around 1 centimeter in diameter, on the face, the trunk, the arms, and lower extremities. The first lesion appeared on the face 8 months prior to consultation then spread gradually to other areas. He was referred from another hospital and was diagnosed as molluscum contagiosum (MC) with differential diagnosis of syringoma. Enucleation had been performed but failed to produce the molluscum bodies. Initial histopathological examination provided the diagnosis of syringoma. The second histopathological examination showed dermal inflammatory cells consisting of eosinophils, lymphocytes, and histiocytes with marked foam cells and giant cells. Eccrine sweat glands were normal. Some lesions decreased in size at subsequent follow-ups; observation was advised until 3-6 years. Discussion: JXG should be suspected in cases with multiple yellowish nodules appearing in the first year of life. MC usually presents with whitish papules, whereas syringoma is more rarely appeared, presenting with yellow-to-brownish papules. Histopathological examination can easily differentiate the suspected diagnoses; however, selection of lesion, timing and complete clinical information was crucial in reaching the final diagnosis. In this case there was a good clinicopathological correlation that the diagnosis of JXG was made with certainty. There was no eye and other organ abnormalities. Keywords : juvenile xanthogranuloma, clinicopathological correlation Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE

Solitary, adult-onset, intraosseous myofibroma of the finger: report of a case and review of literature.

Myofibroma is a rare benign neoplasm of myofibroblastic origin. It typically occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck in infants and young children as multicentric lesions known as infantile myofibromatosis. Intraosseous myofibromas are very rare and are typically destructive lesions that predominantly affect craniofacial bones in the setting of myofibromatosis. Solitary, intraosseous myofibromas in adults are exceedingly rare. Herein, we report a myofibroma involving the middle phalanx of the right index finger in a 58-year-old man who presented with a pathologic fracture. Twelve other cases of adult-onset, intraosseous myofibroma were compiled from the English language literature and integrated with this report.

The Immediate Effect of Kinesiology Taping on Muscular Imbalance in the Lateral Flexors of the Neck in Infants: A Randomized Masked Study

ObjectiveTo investigate the immediate effect of kinesiology taping (KT) on muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck. DesignRandomized controlled trial. ParticipantsTwenty-nine infants with congenital muscular torticollis and muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck were chosen consecutively. In addition, 5 healthy infants with no signs of muscular imbalance in the neck were tested. MethodThe infants were randomly allocated to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group had kinesiology taping applied on the affected side using the muscle-relaxing technique. The healthy infants were tested both with and without kinesiology taping. The evaluator was blinded to whether the infants were or were not taped. ResultsThere was a significant difference in the change of Muscle Function Scale (MFS) scores between the groups (P < .0001). In the intervention group, there were significantly lower scores on the affected side that had been taped (P < .0001) and also significantly higher scores on the unaffected side (P = .01). There were no significant differences in the control group. For the healthy infants, with no imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck, there were no changes to the MFS scores regardless of whether the kinesiology tape was applied. ConclusionsFor infants with congenital muscular torticollis, kinesiology taping applied on the affected side had an immediate effect on the MFS scores for the muscular imbalance in the lateral flexors of the neck.

Solitary, Adult-onset, Intraosseous Myofibroma of the Finger: Report of a Case and Review of Literature

Myofibroma is a rare benign neoplasm of myofibroblastic origin. It typically occurs in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head and neck in infants and young children as multicentric lesions known as infantile myofibromatosis. Intraosseous myofibromas are very rare and are typically destructive lesions that predominantly affect craniofacial bones in the setting of myofibromatosis. Solitary, intraosseous myofibromas in adults are exceedingly rare. Herein, we report a myofibroma involving the middle phalanx of the right index finger in a 58-year-old man who presented with a pathologic fracture. Twelve other cases of adult-onset, intraosseous myofibroma were compiled from the English language literature and integrated with this report.

Risk of malignancy associated with head and neck CT in children: a systematic review.

To perform a systematic review to evaluate the risk of malignancy associated with computed tomography (CT) of the head and/or neck in infants, children, and adolescents. Pubmed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were assessed from the date of their inception to January 2014. Additionally, manual searches of bibliographies were performed and topic experts were contacted. Data were obtained from studies measuring or estimating the risks of malignancy associated with radiation from head and/or neck CT in pediatric populations according to an a priori protocol. Two independent evaluators corroborated the extracted data. There were 16 criterion-meeting studies that included data from n = 858,815 patients. The radiation-related risk of malignancy was estimated using primary patient data for both the exposure and outcome in a minority of studies, with most analyses utilizing mathematical modeling techniques. The data regarding otolaryngology-specific studies were limited and suggested a borderline significant increase in the risk of all combined cancers after facial CT (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.14; 95% CI, 1.01-1.28) and neck/spine CT (IRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.00-1.28). Cohort data suggest that 1 excess brain malignancy occurred after 4000 brain CTs (40 mSv per scan) and that the estimated risk in the 10 years following CT exposure was 1 brain tumor per 10,000 patients exposed to a 10 mGy scan at less than 10 years of age. Detailed understanding of any potential malignancy risk associated with pediatric imaging of the head and neck furthers our ability to engage in rational, shared, informed decision making with families considering CT scan.

Benign Cephalic Histiocytosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Benign cephalic histiocytosis (BCH) is a rare type of non-Langerhans histiocytic disorder, usually presenting with small, yellow-red or yellow-brown, asymptomatic papules, located mostly on the head and neck of infants and young children. The histopathologic hallmark of BCH is a well-circumscribed histiocytic infiltrate in the superficial to mid-reticular dermis. BCH is a self-healing disorder, with the eruptions regressing spontaneously in most cases; therefore no treatment is required. We present a case of BCH in a 7-month-old boy who was referred to our department with multiple, asymptomatic, yellow-red papules located on his face, and we review 55 cases published in the English-language literature in an effort to better describe and understand this unusual entity.

Large arteriovenous malformation of the oromaxillofacial region with multiple phleboliths

Vascular tumors are the most common benign tumors of the head and neck in infancy and childhood. Vascular anomalies of the head and neck were divided into 2 categories including hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Oral and maxillofacial hemangiomas and vascular malformations are congenital lesions with various clinical characteristics, manifestations, indications, and possibilities for treatment. This paper reports a case of large arteriovenous malformations including a description of the features demonstrated by panoramic radiography, cone beam computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The differential diagnosis and treatment modalities (including embolization with N-butylcyanoacrylate in this case) are also discussed following the case presentation, along with the available literature review.

Visual Diagnosis: A 7-Month-Old Who Has a Persistent Rash

1. Angel Alberto Herrera Guerra, MD* 2. Russell J. Osguthorpe, MD† 3. Angelica Putnam, MD§ 4. Sheryll L. Vanderhooft, MD‡ 1. *Fellow, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. 2. †Assistant Professor, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. 3. §Department of Pediatric Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. 4. ‡Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. A 7-month-old boy presents to the pediatric infectious diseases clinic with an unusual rash for the past 4 weeks. The rash appeared first on the back of his neck as a reddish-brown raised “spot” (Fig. 1). Over the past month, other reddish-brown macules and papules have appeared on his anterior trunk that later have developed a fine scale, followed in some places by erosions and black eschar formation. These lesions were neither vesicular nor pustular in appearance before eroding. The eschars eventually healed, leaving hypopigmented scars. Figure 1. Reddish-brown raised “spot” on back of thigh similar to the “spot” that first appeared on the back of infant's neck. The infant has been asymptomatic otherwise and has gained weight during this time, maintaining his normal appetite and activity. There is no history of fever or discomfort. Initially, a pediatrician thought the infant had scabies and prescribed permethrin cream, but there was no improvement of the infant's condition. The pediatrician then prescribed two courses of antibiotics (cephalexin and amoxicillin) for a presumed varicella infection complicated by bacterial superinfection. Again, there was no improvement. Because of the continued appearance of new lesions the infant was referred to a pediatric infectious diseases clinic. The infant's past medical history is unremarkable. He was delivered vaginally without complications at term and has been healthy otherwise until the rash appeared. There has been no animal exposure or travel. There is no history of a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection or administration of any medications before the onset of the rash. His immunizations are up to date, and he does not have any allergies. The family history is …

Penile juvenile xanthogranuloma and neurofibromatosis type-1: risk association with juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia?

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign, self-healing, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis characterized by accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages. It occurs most commonly on the head and neck of infants and young children and resolves spontaneously without treatment [1]. Lesions may be single or multiple, congenital or acquired. Size varies from few millimetres to several centimetres. Two main clinical forms have been described: a small nodular form (60%) and a large nodular form (40%). Mixed forms and JXG “en plaque” have been described [2]. Moreover, different morphological types of JXG and atypical locations have been reported [3,4]. The first case of penile JXG was reported in 1993 [5]. The typical histologic appearance of JXG consists of a dense dermal infiltrate of foamy histiocytes, foreign body and Touton giant cells, the latter being nearly pathognomonic of JXG [1]. Several authors have reported the occurrence of cafe-au-lait macules (CALMs) or neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) in patients with JXG [3,4,6]. In this report we describe a 7-year-old boy with a solitary penile JXG presentation at age of 2 years in association with NF-1. Case report

X-ray treatment to the face and neck in infancy leading to multiple pathologies in later life: a case report

IntroductionTherapeutic interventions are made in the best interests of the patient taking into account the risks and benefits believed to be true at the time. However, adverse effects associated with the treatment may only become apparent much later, sometimes long after the anticipated survival of the patient.Case presentationA lady in her late sixties presents with multiple pathologies of the head and neck that appear to be a direct consequence of irradiation performed as a young child when she was not expected to live for long. Some deformities resulted early after exposure, but most of the dozen pathologies in the affected area have evolved during the subsequent fifty years.ConclusionThis case acts as a potent reminder to consider the long term effects of therapeutic ionising radiation, especially if there is a possibility of long term survival post treatment. It also demonstrates the effects of a single physical modality on multiple and wide ranging tissue types, highlighting a continuing need in medical education for the teaching of clinical anatomy and an understanding of histological pathology.

Etiology of port wine stains

Port wine stains (PWS), which are typically located on the face and neck of infants, may enlarge and darken with age, and severely influence the psychological and physical health of patients. To explore the etiology of PWS is beneficial to its prevention and treatment. The possible etiology of PWS includes the decrease of nerve density and supporting structure around blood vessels, changes of cytokines in embryonic development, gene abnormality, trauma, etc. Also, it may be one of clinical manifestations of a syndrome. However, these kinds of studies are still in initial stage, further studies are needed to learn the exact etiology of PWS. Key words: Port-wine stain; Nerve fibers; Blood vessels; Genes