Nearest-neighbor Interactions Research Articles

One dimensional lattice fluid mixture with nearest neighbour interactions

We present an exact derivation of the free energy functional of a fluid mixture of hard rods with arbitrary sizes on a one-dimensional lattice. Our approach is based on the Wertheim cluster theory which consists of mapping a system with finite range interactions to the system with pure hard-core interaction but with modified activities. We show that the free energy functional has the same form as the fundamental measure functional. The interactions part of the free energy has two contributions, one from the one-particle cavity restricted to the hard rod or hard-sphere diameter and a second from the two-particle cavity which includes the finite range of the interaction. In the limit of a one-component system, our results reduce to the one derived using the Markov chain approach. For vanishing interactions, the density functionals coincide exactly with the previously derived for the mixture of hard rods with pure hard-core interaction.

Relaxation dynamics in the alternating XY chain following a quantum quench

We investigate the relaxation dynamics of the fermion two-point correlation function Cmn(t)=〈ψ(t)∣cm†cn∣ψ(t)〉 in the XY chain with alternating nearest-neighbor hopping interaction after a quench. We find that the deviation δ C mn (t) = C mn (t) − C mn (∞) decays with time following the power law behavior t −μ , where the exponent μ depends on whether the quench is to the commensurate phase (μ = 1) or incommensurate phase ( μ=12 ). This decay of δ C mn (t) arises from the transient behavior of the double-excited quasiparticle occupations and the transitions between different excitation spectra. Furthermore, we find that the steady value C mn (∞) only involves the average fermion occupation numbers (i.e. the average excited single particle) over the time-evolved state, which are different from the ground state expectation values. We also observe nonanalytic singularities in the steady value C mn (∞) for the quench to the critical points of the quantum phase transitions (QPTs), suggesting its potential use as a signature of QPTs.

Study of Concentration Quenching and Energy Transfer Mechanism in Ce Doped Y2O3 Nanomaterials.

We study concentration quenching and energy transfer mechanisms of yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanomaterials doped with different concentrations (0-5mol%) of cerium (Ce). Photoluminescence (PL) spectra recorded under an excitation wavelength of 350nm show a broad emission band at ∼ 406nm and a feeble emission band at ∼ 463nm in the undoped Y2O3 sample. The doping of Ce in Y2O3 induced multiple PL peaks within the blue-green region of the spectrum in all the doped samples with the peak at ∼ 466nm being notably the prominent one. This prominent emission band exhibits a decrease in intensity with increasing Ce concentration due to concentration quenching. Analysis of Time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra reveal that the average emission lifetime of Ce-doped Y2O3 is shorter than that of the undoped Y2O3 sample. The concentration quenching effect and the decrease of average emission lifetime of the dominant emission band are explained on the basis of energy transfer from the host Y2O3 to the Ce3+ ion centres. The critical quenching concentration of Ce3+ ion in Y2O3:Ce phosphor was identified to be 1mol% and the critical transfer distance was estimated to be 23.74 Å. Analysis reveal that the concentration quenching mechanism involves nearest-neighbour interaction.

Monte Carlo study of frustrated Ising model with nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions in generalized triangular lattices

We investigate the frustrated J 1–J 2 Ising model with nearest-neighbor interaction J 1 and next-nearest-neighbor interaction J 2 in two kinds of generalized triangular lattices (GTLs) employing the Wang–Landau Monte Carlo method and finite-size scaling analysis. In the first GTL (GTL1), featuring anisotropic properties, we identify three kinds of super-antiferromagnetic ground states with stripe structures. Meanwhile, in the second GTL (GTL2), which is non-regular in next-nearest-neighbor interaction, the ferrimagnetic 3×3 and two kinds of partial spin liquid (PSL) ground states are observed. We confirm that residual entropy is proportional to the number of spins in the PSL ground states. Additionally, we construct finite-temperature phase diagrams for ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor and antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interactions. In GTL1, the transition into the ferromagnetic phase is continuous, contrasting with the first-order transition into the stripe phase. In GTL2, the critical temperature into the ferromagnetic ground state decreases as antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbor interaction intensifies until it meets the 3×3 phase boundary. For intermediate values of the next-nearest-neighbor interaction, two successive transitions emerge: one from the paramagnetic phase to the ferromagnetic phase, followed by the other transition from the ferromagnetic phase to the 3×3 phase.

Large magnetocaloric refrigeration performance near room temperature in monolayer transition metal dihalides

Magnetocaloric effect (MCE) exhibits highly efficient and ecological cooling abilities for solid-state refrigeration in contrast to traditional vapor-compression refrigeration. Successive emerging two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials provide a fertile platform for exploring low-dimensional MCE systems. Here, we focus on a series of 2D transition metal dihalides MX2 (M = Fe, Ru, Os; X = Cl, Br) to explore the maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change (−ΔSmagmax) and adiabatic temperature change (ΔTadmax) under external magnetic field. It is found that FeCl2, FeBr2, and RuCl2 have intrinsically sizable −ΔSmagmax, ΔTadmax, and high thermal conductivity near room temperature, demonstrating superior comprehensive refrigeration performance in comparison with other 2D magnets. It is revealed that strong nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic exchange interaction plays a decisive role in −ΔSmagmax, and the high lattice thermal conductivities of FeCl2 and RuCl2 are attributed to the longer phonon lifetime and larger group velocity of low-frequency acoustic branch. Moreover, moderate strain and carriers doping are able to effectively regulate Curie temperature and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and correspondingly enhance −ΔSmagmax. The present work provides important insights for the exploration of 2D magnets for magnetocaloric refrigeration near room temperature.

Manipulating and investigating the room-temperature magnetic memory phenomenon: The impact of rare-earth ion doping on nickel oxide nanoparticles

This study investigates the relationship between point defect density and magnetic properties in nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs). Specifically, we explore the effects of 0.5 % trivalent rare-earth ion (RE3+: Ce3+, Pr3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, and Dy3+) doping on NiO NPs, considering the influence of RE3+ ionic radius on structural modulation and magnetic properties. Our findings reveal important trends: increased microstrain (0.08 %–0.17 %) and decreased crystalline size (36–17 nm) with increasing ionic radius (r = 0.91 to 1.01 Å), along with a preference for growth along the (1 1 1) plane over (2 0 0). Additionally, multivalent point defects increase with the increase of ionic radius. Substituting Ni2+ site with RE3+ ion promotes nearest-neighbor weak ferromagnetic interaction over next-nearest-neighbor strong antiferromagnetic (AF) interaction. This leads to a redshift of two magnons (2 M) frequency by 50 cm−1 and enhanced room temperature (RT) magnetization (0.23–0.43 emu/g) with increasing ionic radius. Ce-doped NiO (r = 1.01 Å) shows the smallest crystalline size (17 nm), maximum 2 M redshift, and enhanced RT magnetization (0.43 emu/g) based on interacting bound magnetic polaron model. Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, and Sm-doped NiO NPs exhibit RT magnetic memory effects, while Dy-doped NiO NPs (r = 0.912 Å) display AF properties. Our analysis provides valuable insights for designing RT magnetic memory materials with tailored properties through suitable RE3+ ion substitutions.

Relaxation dynamics in the alternating XY chain following a quantum quench

Abstract We investigate the relaxation dynamics of the fermion two-point correlation function $C_{mn}(t)=\langle\psi(t)|c_{m}^{\dag}c_{n}|\psi(t)\rangle$ in the XY chain with alternating nearest-neighbor hopping interaction after a quench. We find that the deviation $\delta C_{mn}(t)=C_{mn}(t)-C_{mn}(\infty)$ decays with time following the power law behavior $t^{-\mu}$, where the exponent $\mu$ depends on whether the quench is to the commensurate phase ($\mu=1$) or incommensurate phase ($\mu=\frac{1}{2}$). This decay of $\delta C_{mn}(t)$ arises from the transient behavior of the double-excited quasiparticle occupations and the transitions between different excitation spectra. Furthermore, we find that the steady value $C_{mn}(\infty)$ only involves the average fermion occupation numbers (i.e. the average excited single particle) over the time-evolved state, which are different from the ground state expectation values. We also observe nonanalytic singularities in the steady value $C_{mn}(\infty)$ for the quench to the critical points of the quantum phase transitions (QPTs), suggesting its potential use as a signature of QPTs.

Modeling public opinion control by a charismatic leader

We study the average long-time behavior of the binary opinions of a social group with peer-to-peer interactions under the influence of an external bias and a persuadable leader, a strongly-biased agent with a dynamic opinion with the intention of spreading it across the system. We use a generalized, fully-connected Ising model, with each spin representing the binary opinion of an agent at a given time and a single, super spin representing the opinion of the leader. External fields and interaction constants model the opinion bias and peer-to-peer interactions, respectively, while the temperature T models an idealized social climate, representing an authoritarian regime if T is low or a liberal one if T is high. We derive a mean-field solution for the average magnetization m, the “social mood”, and investigate how m and the super spin magnetization vary as a function of T. We find that, depending on the initial conditions, due to the presence of metastable states, the sign of the average magnetization depends on the temperature. Finally, we verify that this effect is also present even if we consider only nearest-neighbor interactions within the social group.

A statistical-physics approach for codon usage optimisation

The concept of “codon optimisation” involves adjusting the coding sequence of a target protein to account for the inherent codon preferences of a host species and maximise protein expression in that species. However, there is still a lack of consensus on the most effective approach to achieve optimal results. Existing methods typically depend on heuristic combinations of different variables, leaving the user with the final choice of the sequence hit. In this study, we propose a new statistical-physics model for codon optimisation. This model, called the Nearest-Neighbour interaction (NN) model, links the probability of any given codon sequence to the “interactions” between neighbouring codons. We used the model to design codon sequences for different proteins of interest, and we compared our sequences with the predictions of some commercial tools. In order to assess the importance of the pair interactions, we additionally compared the NN model with a simpler method (Ind) that disregards interactions. It was observed that the NN method yielded similar Codon Adaptation Index (CAI) values to those obtained by other commercial algorithms, despite the fact that CAI was not explicitly considered in the algorithm. By utilising both the NN and Ind methods to optimise the reporter protein luciferase, and then analysing the translation performance in human cell lines and in a mouse model, we found that the NN approach yielded the highest protein expression in vivo. Consequently, we propose that the NN model may prove advantageous in biotechnological applications, such as heterologous protein expression or mRNA-based therapies.

Phase diagram and ground state of a decorated antiferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice with nearest and next nearest neighbor interactions

Phase diagram and ground state of a decorated antiferromagnetic Ising model on a triangular lattice with nearest and next nearest neighbor interactions

CDMFT+HFD: An extension of dynamical mean field theory for nonlocal interactions applied to the single band extended Hubbard model

We examine the phase diagram of the extended Hubbard model on a square lattice, for both attractive and repulsive nearest-neighbor interactions, using CDMFT+HFD, a combination of Cluster Dynamical Mean Field theory (CDMFT) and a Hartree-Fock mean-field decoupling of the inter-cluster extended interaction. For attractive non-local interactions, this model exhibits a region of phase separation near half-filling, in the vicinity of which we find islands of d-wave superconductivity, decaying rapidly as a function of doping, with disconnected regions of extended s-wave order at smaller (higher) electron densities. On the other hand, when the extended interaction is repulsive, a Mott insulating state at half-filling is destabilized by hole doping, in the strong-coupling limit, in favor of d-wave superconductivity. At the particle-hole invariant chemical potential, we find a first-order phase transition from antiferromagnetism (AF) to d-wave superconductivity as a function of the attractive nearest-neighbor interaction, along with a deviation of the density from the half-filled limit. A repulsive extended interaction instead favors charge-density wave (CDW) order at half-filling.

Highly controllable stabilization and switching of multiple colliding soliton sequences with generic Ginzburg–Landau gain–loss

We investigate propagation of J soliton sequences in a nonlinear optical waveguide array with generic weak Ginzburg–Landau (GL) gain–loss and nearest-neighbor (NN) interaction. The propagation is described by a system of J perturbed coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations. The NN interaction property leads to the elimination of collisional three-pulse interaction effects, which prevented the observation of stable multisequence soliton propagation with J>2 sequences in the presence of generic GL gain–loss in all previous studies. We show that the dynamics of soliton amplitudes can be described by a generalized J-dimensional Lotka–Volterra (LV) model. Stability and bifurcation analysis for the equilibrium points of the LV model, which is augmented by an application of the Lyapunov function method, is used to develop setups that lead to robust and scalable transmission stabilization and switching for a general J value. The predictions of the LV model are confirmed by extensive numerical simulations with the perturbed coupled-NLS model with J=3, 4, and 5 soliton sequences. Furthermore, soliton stability and the agreement between the LV model’s predictions and the simulations are not reduced with increasing value of J. Therefore, our study provides the first demonstration of robust control of multiple colliding sequences of NLS solitons in the presence of generic weak GL gain–loss with an arbitrary number of sequences. Due to the robustness and scalability of the results, they can have important applications in stabilization and switching of broadband soliton-based optical waveguide transmission.

Coupled Electronic and Magnonic Topological States in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnets.

Magnetic materials offer a fertile playground for fundamental physics discovery, with not only electronic but also magnonic topological states intensively explored. However, one natural material with both electronic and magnonic nontrivial topologies is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate the coexistence of first-order topological magnon insulators (TMIs) and electronic second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) in 2D honeycomb ferromagnets, giving rise to the nontrivial corner states being connected by the charge-free magnonic edge states. We show that, with symmetry, the phase factor ± ϕ caused by the next nearest-neighbor Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction breaks the pseudo-spin time-reversal symmetry , which leads to the split of magnon bands, i.e., the emergence of TMIs with a nonzero Chern number of , in experimentally feasible candidates of MoI3, CrSiTe3, and CrGeTe3 monolayers. Moreover, protected by the symmetry, the electronic SOTIs characterized by nontrivial corner states are obtained, bridging the topological aspect of fermions and bosons with a high possibility of innovative applications in spintronics devices.

Magnetic-induced chiral dynamics in an extended two-leg bosonic ladder

The realization and detection of chiral physics with ultracold atomic gases provide a unique path for the exploration of topological phases. Here, we show that the interplay of magnetic field and interacting particles in an extended two-leg ladder leads to rich chiral Bloch dynamics. Considering both the on-site contact interaction and nearest-neighbor interactions, the ground state and Bloch dynamics of the system are studied analytically and numerically. When the system is in the ground state, the threshold and phase diagram for the transition between zero-momentum state and plane-wave state are analytically obtained, showing the nearest-neighbor interactions along the legs and rungs have opposite impact on the ground state transition, providing new opportunity to manipulate the ground state transition. When the ladder is perturbated under an external linear force, chiral dephasing of Bloch oscillations (BOs), i.e. symmetry breaking damped BOs (the damping rate of BOs on one leg is larger than the other), are observed. This chirality is absent for vanishing the magnetic field and atomic interaction. Particularly, the chirality of damped BOs is inversed when the magnetic field (chiral current) is inversed. In addition, the damping of BOs induced by different types of atomic interactions is different, and the strength and damping rate of BOs initialized in different ground states are distinct, offering dynamic ways to detect the different ground states. Furthermore, the persistent chiral Bloch oscillations observed in single particle case is predicted analytically, which is a crucial requirement for observation and application of chiral BOs in nonlinear regime. Our results provide an interesting path towards the exploration of topological atomic superfluids.

Classical spin-liquid behavior in interactionally distorted antiferromagnetic spin systems on the kagome lattice

The influence of an interaction distortion of the antiferromagnetic system on the kagome lattice on its magnetic and thermodynamic properties is investigated in the framework of the antiferromagnetic J1−J2−J3 spin-1/2 Ising system with three different nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions on the star kagome-like recursive lattice. The exact solution of the model is found and the phase diagram is determined and analyzed. It is shown that, depending on the model parameters, three antiferromagnetic phases can be identified, which are separated from the paramagnetic phase by the second order phase transitions. The magnetic and entropy properties of all ground states of the model are determined. Three different ground states that arise from the paramagnetic phase in the zero-temperature limit are identified. Due to the frustration, each of these ground states is highly macroscopically degenerated with different values of the residual entropy. In addition, since the paramagnetic phase in the vicinity of these ground states also exhibits high degeneracy with the presence of strong correlations, related to the proximity of the second-order phase transitions, these ground states together with their immediate paramagnetic surroundings can be considered as regions with the classical spin-liquid behavior. It is also shown that the typical anomalous (Schottky-type) behavior of the specific heat with the existence of a two-peak (in general multi-peak) structure in its temperature dependence in the vicinity of the highly macroscopically degenerated ground states can be suppressed by the presence of the second-order phase transitions.

Nonequilibrium generation of charge defects in kagome spin ice under slow cooling.

Kagome spin ice is one of the canonical examples of highly frustrated magnets. The effective magnetic degrees of freedom in kagome spin ice are Ising spins residing on a two-dimensional network of corner-sharing triangles. Due to strong geometrical frustration, nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interactions on the kagome lattice give rise to a macroscopic number of degenerate classical ground states characterized by ice rules. Elementary excitations at low temperatures are defect-triangles that violate the ice rules and carry an additional net magnetic charge relative to the background. We perform large-scale Glauber dynamics simulations to study the nonequilibrium dynamics of kagome ice under slow cooling. We show that the density of residual charge defects exhibits a power-law dependence on the quench rate for the class of algebraic cooling protocols. The numerical results are well captured by the rate equationfor the charge defects based on the reaction kinetics theory. As the relaxation time of the kagome ice phase remains finite, there is no dynamical freezing as in the Kibble-Zurek scenario. Instead, we show that the power-law behavior originates from a thermal excitation that decays algebraically with time at the late stage of the cooling schedule. Similarities and differences in quench dynamics of other spin ice systems are also discussed.

Multipolar Analysis in Symmetrical Meta-Atoms Sustaining Fano Resonances

We present an optical metasurface with symmetrical individual elements sustaining Fano resonances with high Q-factors. This study combines plane-wave illumination and modal analysis to investigate the resonant behavior that results in a suppression of the forward scattering, and we investigate the role of the lattice constant on the excited multipoles and on the spectral position and Q-factor of the Fano resonances, revealing the nonlocal nature of the resonances. The results show that the intrinsic losses play a crucial role in modulating the resonance amplitude in specific conditions and that the optical behavior of the device is extremely sensitive to the pitch of the metasurface. The findings highlight the importance of near-neighbor interactions to achieve high Q resonances and offer an important tool for the design of spectrally tunable metasurfaces using simple geometries.

Frustrated Extended Bose-Hubbard Model and Deconfined Quantum Critical Points with Optical Lattices at the Antimagic Wavelength.

The study of geometrically frustrated many-body quantum systems is of central importance to uncover novel quantum mechanical effects. We design a scheme where ultracold bosons trapped in a one-dimensional state-dependent optical lattice are modeled by a frustrated Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian. A derivation of the Hamiltonian parameters based on Cesium atoms, further show large tunability of contact and nearest-neighbor interactions. For pure contact repulsion, we discover the presence of two phases peculiar to frustrated quantum magnets: the bond-order-wave insulator with broken inversion symmetry and a chiral superfluid. When the nearest-neighbor repulsion becomes sizable, a further density-wave insulator with broken translational symmetry can appear. We show that the phase transition between the two spontaneously symmetry-broken phases is continuous, thus representing a one-dimensional deconfined quantum critical point not captured by the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson symmetry-breaking paradigm. Our results provide a solid ground to unveil the novel quantum physics induced by the interplay of nonlocal interactions, geometrical frustration, and quantum fluctuations.

Magnetic supersolid phases of two-dimensional extended Bose–Hubbard model with spin–orbit coupling

We investigate the quantum phases and phase transitions for spin–orbit coupled two-species bosons with nearest-neighbor (NN) interaction in a two-dimensional square lattice using inhomogeneous dynamical Guztwiller mean-field method. Under the effect of spin–orbit coupling and NN interaction, we uncover a rich variety of different magnetic supersolid (SS) phases. In the presence of intraspecies NN interaction, the phase diagram exhibits the phase-twisted double-checkerboard SS (PT-DCSS) and phase-striped double-checkerboard SS (PS-DCSS) phases. For both intra- and interspecies NN interactions, apart from the phase-twisted lattice SS (PT-LSS) and phase-striped lattice SS (PS-LSS) phases, some nontrivial SS phases with interesting properties occur. More importantly, we find that the emergences of these nontrivial SS phases are dependent of the interspecies on-site interaction. To further characterize the SS phases, we also discuss the spin-dependent momentum distributions and magnetic textures. The magnetic textures, such as antiferromagnetic, spiral and stripe orders are shown. Finally, we give the fully analytical insights into the numerical results.

Ordering kinetics of the two-dimensional voter model with long-range interactions.

We study analytically the ordering kinetics of the two-dimensional long-range voter model on a two-dimensional lattice, where agents on each vertex take the opinion of others at distance r with probability P(r)∝r^{-α}. The model is characterized by different regimes, as α is varied. For α>4, the behavior is similar to that of the nearest-neighbor model, with the formation of ordered domains of a typical size growing as L(t)∝sqrt[t], until consensus is reached in a time of the order of NlnN, with N being the number of agents. Dynamical scaling is violated due to an excess of interfacial sites whose density decays as slowly as ρ(t)∝1/lnt. Sizable finite-time corrections are also present, which are absent in the case of nearest-neighbor interactions. For 0<α≤4, standard scaling is reinstated and the correlation length increases algebraically as L(t)∝t^{1/z}, with 1/z=2/α for 3<α<4 and 1/z=2/3 for 0<α<3. In addition, for α≤3,L(t) depends on N at any time t>0. Such coarsening, however, only leads the system to a partially ordered metastable state where correlations decay algebraically with distance, and whose lifetime diverges in the N→∞ limit. In finite systems, consensus is reached in a time of the order of N for any α<4.