Nazrul Islam Research Articles

Romanticism And Kazi Nazrul Islam: An Evaluation

This study seeks to analyze the significant trends of English Romanticism and its reflection on the life and works of Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976). Though Nazrul Islam knew very much the socio-historical condition and the most important poets of the then Romantic period of English literature, especially the late Romantic poets like Shelley, Keats, and Byron, it does not become virtually possible to emulate utterly following the directions of the ideology over the manifold unaccommodating romantic dictions and feelings what is captivated by Nazrul. This paper intends to present the socio-historical scenario and the poetry of Nazrul, the major romantic poet of the generation in Bengali literary history, beholding in his poetry for squeezes of romanticism equally embellished by the English Romanticism. Studying Nazrul Islam’s age, life and works, this study pursues to discover to what extent Nazrul’s life and works were reflected by European Romantic sensibilities and in what ways his literary contributions went through the romantic philosophies in his unique fashion and context.

Maneuvering Colonial and Postcolonial Resistances with Poetry: A Comparative Study of Nazrul and Walcott

This article aims to place poems by Kazi Nazrul Islam of Bangla literature in a comparative study with those by the Caribbean poet Derek Walcott. Nazrul wrote when his country India was under British colonial rule and Walcott wrote when his Caribbean region was under British colonialism and in postcolonial period. The study becomes inevitable against a backdrop where comparative studies of Nazrul have been conducted with American and European authors who lack similar colonial backgrounds. Additionally, when Nazrul is compared with non-American and non-European authors, his Islamic identity, which transforms into his all-embracing humanity, is often omitted or sidelined. Thus, when poems by Nazrul and those by Walcott are in a comparative study, the two poets from two different marginalized nations exhibit conspicuous affinities in their poetic resistances. This is how this paper looks forward to doing a comparative study of the poems by Nazrul and those by Walcott by adopting the methods of Traditional Literary Criticism and a new comparative study as shaped by Zepetnek. The results which the study yields are that the poets maneuver identical poetic resistances by addressing the nation’s unity, revival of history, composition of unique literature, concern for the working-class people, and anti-colonial struggle. The results of the research may contribute to raising cultural awareness among marginalized nations about resisting aggression.

Treatment of Rural Life and Nature in Jasimuddin and Wordsworth

This article aims to address William Wordsworth’s treatment of nature as a recurring motif in his poems. Wordsworth finds nature as a living thing that provides him with both enjoyment and knowledge. Only a few well-known poems that demonstrate the depth and evolution of his love for nature, his conception of mysticism in nature, joy in nature, universal love in nature, spiritual unity of nature, bond between nature and man, soothing influence and healing power of nature have been taken from the corpus of his literary works. The poet leaves his readers with a plenty of heartfelt and beautiful poems that are the timeless treasures of romanticism. On the other hand, Jasimuddin occupies a significant place in Bangla poetry. Being a poet during the time of Kazi Nazrul Islam and Rabindranath Tagore allow him to have a prestigious position. Due to the beautiful way he portrays rural Bengal, he is regarded as a Palli Kabi (Pastoral Poet). His presentation of nature is very touchy and sensuous. Thus, this article aims to investigate treatment of nature and rural life in some poems of Jasimuddin and Wordsworth.

Mustard oil consumption and Harris platelet syndrome: unveiling a dietary link to thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent

Background and objectives: Asymptomatic thrombocytopenia, characterized by a reduced platelet count without bleeding symptoms, is notably prevalent in certain regions of India and Bangladesh, presenting a diagnostic challenge. A significant portion of healthy blood donors from Bangladesh and various parts of India, particularly West Bengal, exhibit this condition, termed Harris platelet syndrome (HPS). This review explores the potential correlation between mustard oil consumption, a common dietary staple in these regions, and the incidence of HPS. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using systematic search strategies across databases such as Google Scholar, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus. Keywords included "Harris platelet syndrome," "mustard oil consumption," "thrombocytopenia," and "erucic acid." Studies were selected based on relevance and quality, focusing on the epidemiology of HPS, dietary habits, and the thrombocytopenic effects of erucic acid. Results: HPS shows a significant geographical prevalence in the Indian subcontinent, notably in regions like West Bengal, Kashmir, and Assam. The review identifies a higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia in areas with predominant mustard oil usage. Studies highlight the association between dietary erucic acid from mustard oil and thrombocytopenia, with notable effects observed in patients treated with Lorenzo’s Oil, which contains erucic acid. Conclusions: The review highlights a significant association between mustard oil consumption and asymptomatic thrombocytopenia in the Indian subcontinent. The similarity in hematological profiles between HPS and erucic acid-induced thrombocytopenia underscores the need for further research. This includes measuring erucic acid levels in patients, conducting controlled dietary interventions, and genetic analyses to differentiate between genetic and environmental factors. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):009. DOI:https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.021 *Correspondence: Wasim Md MohosinUl Haque, Department of Nephrology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com

The Use of Arabic Words in the Poems and Writings of Revolutionary Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam: An Analytical Study

The Use of Arabic Words in the Poems and Writings of Revolutionary Poet Kazi Nazrul Islam: An Analytical Study

Communalism and Relevance to Nazrul

Kazi Nazrul Islam, renowned for his poetry and literary works, championed Hindu-Muslim unity and secularism in India. Born into poverty and influenced by revolutionary ideals, Nazrul's writings emphasized humanity over religious divisions. He critiqued both Hindu and Muslim extremism, promoting a universalistic approach to religion. His literature sought to bridge communal divides, advocating for the harmony of souls and the recognition of truth across faiths. Nazrul's legacy of secularism remains profoundly relevant today, offering guidance in a world still grappling with religious intolerance and division. His efforts in fostering unity and challenging religious dogma remain relevant today as communal conflicts persist, highlighting his enduring legacy as a flow of harmony and social justice.

Human Love, Humanism, and the Philosophical Thoughts of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Kazi Nazrul Islam, a seminal figure in Bengali philosophy and literature, epitomized humanism, individual freedom, and rational contemplation. His works, imbued with themes of rebellion against injustice, sectarianism, and oppression, reflect a deep love for humanity and a commitment to truth. Nazrul's poetry and prose transcend religious and social divides, advocating for Hindu-Muslim unity and condemning religious fanaticism and hypocrisy. His literature, rooted in personal hardship and diverse life experiences, serves as a beacon for justice and equality. Even today, Nazrul's legacy inspires resistance against oppression and promotes the ideals of human love and harmony.

Association between mustard oil consumption and thrombocytopenia: a case-control study in Bangladesh

Background and objectives: Mustard oil, a common ingredient in South Asian cuisine, has been associated with both culinary appeal and potential health benefits. While studies suggest its role in reducing the risk of ischemic heart disease, concerns arise due to the presence of erucic acid, which has been linked to adverse cardiovascular effects and thrombocytopenia. This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between mustard oil consumption and thrombocytopenia in the Bangladeshi population. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150000/µL) were enrolled as cases, while controls were selected as the next consecutive patients with normal platelet counts, regardless of demographic characteristics or disease status. Data on demography, clinical variables and mustard oil consumption were collected from medical records and face-to-face interviews. Results: Seventy-six participants were included in the study of which 38 belonged to case and 38 to control groups. The mean age of the individuals in control and case groups was 57.5 and 58.2 years respectively (p = 0.808). Notably, 83.3% of cases reported using mustard oil compared to 28.3% of controls (p<0.001). Cases exhibited significantly (p < 0.001) lower platelet counts (114,789 ± 24,453 /µL) compared to controls (278,211 ± 84,595 /µL). Male gender and the use of mustard oil in cooking were identified as predictors of thrombocytopenia. No bleeding symptoms were observed, raising questions about the clinical significance of mustard oil-associated thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: The study underscores the need for further research to elucidate the complex relationship between mustard oil consumption, erucic acid, and thrombocytopenia, emphasizing the importance of dietary habits in health outcomes. July 2024; Vol. 18(2):005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.18.017 *Correspondence: Wasim Md Mohosin Ul Haque, Department of Nephrology, BIRDEM General Hospital, 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: wmmhaque@live.com

Mental Stress of Nurses Involved in Nursing Care of COVID-19 Patients

Background: Among all healthcare professionals, nurses play an extraordinary role in combating COVID-19, which turned into a pandemic in a short time. Nurses are constantly faced with stressful situations that cause emotional exhaustion while managing complex care and treatment processes. Objectives: The study aimed to find out the level of mental stress of nurses involved in the nursing care of COVID-19 patients. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses who are involved in nursing care of COVID-19 patients in Shahid Sayed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, and 250 Bedded District Hospital, Sunamganj located in Sunamganj of Bangladesh. A purposive sampling technique was applied and a pre-tested semi-structured interview questionnaire was used in this study. Results: A total of 382 respondents were included in this study with a mean age of 27.01 (± 2.692). The major finding of the study shows that 109 (29%) of nurses had low mental stress, 269 (70%) had moderate stress and 4(1%) had high mental stress. Conclusion: The result demonstrates working in that COVID-19 have a great impact on Nurses' physical and mental health. Providing support and basic needs to the nurses can play a vital role in maintaining the mental health of Nurses.

Malaria infection: Prevalence among Bangladeshi children at a medical college hospital

Background: Malaria infection among children under 10 years of age continues to be a serious health concern for these who are at-risk populations. This study's goal was to determine the prevalence of malaria infection among kids at the Shahid Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College in Kishoreganj, Bangladesh, who were 2 to 10 years old. Method: Utilizing the outcomes of microscopic exams (thick drops) recorded in the laboratory registers of the medical center, a descriptive and cross-sectional survey was carried out among children between the ages of 2 and 10 who visited the college hospital between July and December 2022. Results: According to the study, 68 of the 400 children aged 2 to 10 years who were registered throughout the study period tested positive for malaria, translating to a 17% overall prevalence. Males were more likely to contract the disease than females (55 cases, or 13.75%) (figure 1). The majority of cases of malaria infection were found in children aged 8 to 9 (20.75%, 22 cases), followed by children aged 10 and older (17.72%, 14 cases). With 13.6% of instances, the age group with the lowest representation was 5-7 years. The age range of 2-4 years has 15 cases, that was 16.67%.

Asserting Resistance in Nazrul’s “The Rebel” and Al-Shabbi’s “Will of Life”

The most valuable asset an oppressed subject loses, under all forms of abuse, is their sense of dignity. From colonial empires to postcolonial dictatorships, the fundamental objective of every tyrant's authority has been removing their subjects’ humane existence and placing them in distorted realities where they can be grateful for just being alive. This paper looks at two notable pieces, Bengali poet Kazi Nazrul Islam’s “The Rebel” and Tunisian poet Abu al-Qasim al-Shabbi's “Will of Life”, as examples of anticolonial works living beyond their context. Despite their distinctive colonial experiences, both poets present a similar revolutionary zeal and desire for liberty. In particular, the study focuses on how the two poets sought to develop a consciousness of resistance in their readers in accordance with the Fanonian concepts of wretchedness and revolution. The paper compares how the two works attempt to decolonize the people they address and reclaim their national identity through the portrayal of the self, the assimilation of nature, and the representation of the divine.

An Interface Setup Optimization Method Using a Throughput Estimation Model for Concurrently Communicating Access Points in a Wireless Local Area Network.

The IEEE 802.11 wireless local-area network (WLAN) has been deployed around the globe as a major Internet access medium due to its low cost and high flexibility and capacity. Unfortunately, dense wireless networks can suffer from poor performance due to high levels of radio interference resulting from adjoining access points (APs). To address this problem, we studied the AP transmission power optimization method, which selects the maximum or minimum power supplied to each AP so that the average signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) among the concurrently communicating APs is maximized.However, this method requires measurements of receiving signal strength (RSS) under all the possible combinations of powers. It may need intolerable loads and time as the number of APs increases. It also only considers the use of channel bonding (CB), although non-CB sometimes achieves higher performance under high levels of interference. In this paper, we present an AP interface setup optimization method using the throughput estimation model for concurrently communicating APs. The proposed method selects CB or non-CB in addition to the maximum or minimum power for each AP. This model approach avoids expensive costs of RSS measurements under a number of combinations. To estimate the RSS at an AP from another AP or a host, the model needs the distance and the obstacles between them, such as walls. Then, by calculating the estimated RSS with the model and calculating the SIR from them, the AP interface setups for a lot of APs in a large-scale wireless network can be optimized on a computer in a very short time. For evaluation, we conducted extensive experiments using Raspberry Pi for APs and Linux PCs for hosts under 12 network topologies in three buildings at Okayama University, Japan, and Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. The results confirm that the proposed method selects the best AP interface setup with the highest total throughput in any topology.

Mechanism of Resistance to British Imperialism in the Literature of Kazi Nazrul Islam

Literature has always been an effective medium of presentation. Whenever the groaning sound of people with the increasing tyranny of colonial rule raised high, literature played a pivotal role to draw it in a pragmatically artistic touch. The Bidrohi Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam, National Poet of Bangladesh, made a unique place in the journey of Bengali literature resistance of the early twentieth century. He inextricably applied diverse literary genres and thematic mechanisms of resistance in his literature which undoubtedly bore the motive-inciting words of love and fire against any form of injustice whether of British Empire or societal customs and continued the thread of awakening in the Bengal Renaissance. The Rebel Poet was the figurehead of the allied Hindu-Muslim struggle of undivided India against the imperialistic British rule. However, miserably the discourse on Nazrul Resistance Literature is limited only in Bengali corridors with mere poetic contributions. With this viewpoint, the research delves into exploring the dimensional works of the poet and tries to establish him as a versatile writer of prose and poetry. In addition, the work makes a sincere effort to elucidate various thematic decorations of his literary outcomes and their universal acceptability. Ultimately, Nazrul Studies are yet to be expounded further ahead to bring out more research works on this Bengali poet of love and resistance overlooking the cross-country borders.

Responding to the Call of God: The Motif of Devotional Love in the Poetry of Rabindranath Tagore and Kazi Nazrul Islam

Abstract: This article explores several thematic synergies across Hindu and Muslim devotional sensibilities through an analysis of selected songs from two influential Bengali poet-thinkers: Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941) and Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899–1976). This study offers an exploratory engagement with these songs in the form of new translations from the original Bengali and reflections that suggest fertile theological parallels between their verses. Through a close reading of these selected songs, certain common themes are discernible, such as the paradoxes of intimacy and painful distance as constitutive of the divine-human relation, the world as suffused with the creative word(s) of God, and the illumination of the heart as key to the spiritual life. These themes can be organized under the broader relational rubric of "call-and-response:" God's call to humanity is voiced in various ways in the world, eliciting a reciprocal response that is both devotional and loving. While these songs are marked by distinctive scriptural imageries, including references to both the Upanishads and the Qur'ān, their mutual resonances speak to shared sensibilities that are modulated by characteristically Bengali idioms and symbolisms.

Risk Factors Associated with Severity of COVID-19 Infections Among Older Patients – A Prospective Study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel coronavirus infection disease causing respiratory failure and a high death rate in vulnerable populations. Prior studies have identified age, male sex, and metabolic comorbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes as risk factors for poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. These comorbidities are more common among older age groups, and overwhelming evidence from around the world suggests that age itself is the most significant risk factor for severe disease and death from COVID-19. The aim of this study was to determine the associated risk factors of severe COVID-19 infections among older patients. Material Methods: This was a prospective study and was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology of Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh during the period from March, 2021 to March, 2022. In this study, we took 80 confirmed cases of COVID 19 positive who attended and took admission in Shaheed Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh. Results: In our study we found majority (48.75%) of our study patients were aged between 65-74 years old, most of our patients were male (61.25%). The mean age of our patients was 76.54 ± 21.04 years. Among all patients, 89% had respiratory difficulty, 86% came with nausea vomiting, 83% came with fever, 74% had ache all over body, 76% 64% came with chest pain running nose respectively. We found 51% patients with DM,80% with CKD, 70% with respiratory failure, 49% with arrhythmia, 74% with IHD, 46% with Sepsis, 55% with acute liver injury, 26% with coagulopathy. Some risk factors co-exist among our patients. Conclusion: In our study, we included the elderly patients with COVID 19 associated with severe illness who had a high mortality rate. We found aged above 80 years, male gender, DM, CKD, respiratory failure, arrhythmia, IHD, Sepsis, acute liver injury are most common risk factors that triggers the severity of COVID 19 infections.

The World He Sought: Nazrul in Coolies and Laborers

Kazi Nazrul Islam, the national poet of Bangladesh, envisioned a future possibility for humankind, a community of care. The dominant socio-economic and political thinking of this century, however, finds his vision and unrealizable dream, especially in the light of the cleavages that wall human groupings from another—ethnicity, gender, geography, language, nationality, race, religion, and social class, among others. The focus of this article is to show that the dream has been informing some of the thinking of the last and present century, from a variety of cultural traditions, and that its policy implications, through a number of forums, including the United Nations, offer a future within which the entire human species, together, and the Earth, can mutually thrive and grow.

Nazrul’s Persia in his decolonizing melodies

Kazi Nazrul Islam of Bangla literature may be best described as a poet of humanity. Besides the anti-colonial and spiritual dimensions of his melodies, there is also a decolonizing tone in his literature. His songs, especially those that recuperate and include rich Persian heritage of Bangla literature, significantly contribute to decolonizing the colonially victimized Bangla literature in British India. Thus, this paper initially attempts to examine how distinctly and strongly Persian language, nature and culture remain as an important heritage for Bangla literature while Nazrul writes songs imbued with the Persian elements. Then, this paper has the prime aim to explore how the poet, in a colonial backdrop, robustly endeavors a comprehensive decolonization of Bangla literature with his Persia-attached songs. Thus, the study examines the poet’s measures of decolonization with efforts to revive successful Bangla literature, have it compete with or even exceed English literature and place Bengali Muslims again in their rightful literary domain. IIUC Studies Vol.18, December 2021: 135-156

Bankimchandra Chatterjee’s Vande Mātaram and the Patriotic Song Tradition in India

ABSTRACT Bankimchandra Chatterjee wrote Vande Mātaram when the genre of the patriotic song started to flourish in Bengal in the decades following the Revolt of 1857, a time which also saw Bengali literature take a decisively nationalist turn. Despite similarities in verbal content, there were crucial musical differences between Bengali and European patriotic songs, differences that were progressively bridged in the compositions of Rabindranath Tagore and Qazi Nazrul Islam. This essay traces a history of musical and verbal differences and argues that because Vande Mātaram belonged to an earlier phase in the history of the Bengali patriotic song, its function in Indian national culture came to be quite different from that of ‘La Marseillaise,’ the French national anthem, with which Bankimchandra’s song was initially compared. Furthermore, because of the lack of a stable and iconic melody that can be traced back to the moment of the song’s creation, Vande Mātaram has fared less well as a patriotic song than it has as a poem or (above all) as a slogan. For the same reason, however, it has been adapted more frequently than any other European or Indian patriotic song, and it is primarily through adaptations that Vande Mātaram has retained its relevance for Indians across a spectrum of different identities and political positions.

Contextualizing Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Bartaman Visva Sahitya in the ‘World’ of World Literature

Contextualizing Kazi Nazrul Islam’s Bartaman Visva Sahitya in the ‘World’ of World Literature

Proportion of psoriasis among the patients with psoriasiform disorders

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Psoriasis is a prevalent chronic inflammatory skin disease with several clinical symptoms. Psoriasis has clinical forms that resemble a variety of dermatological disorders and may necessitate histological confirmation of the diagnosis. The aim of the study was to assess the proportion of psoriasis among patients with psoriasiform disorders.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the department of dermatology and venereology, Shahid Syed Nazrul Islam Medical College, Kishoreganj during the period from January 2021 to December 2021 on 200 patients with psoriasiform disorders was enrolled in this study. Detailed history along with relevant family history and drug history was obtained. All the patients underwent skin biopsy followed by a histopathological examination to reveal the actual pathology of dermal lesions. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with statistical packages for social sciences (SPSS-25).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The proportion of psoriasis among the patients with psoriasiform disorders was found at 53.5%. The majority of patients (72.0%) had extensor surfaces and a well-demarcated border was found in 166 (83.0%) patients. Subungual hyperkeratosis was found in 30 (28.0%) and 16 (17.3%) in psoriasis and non-psoriasis groups respectively. Regular epidermal hyperplasia was 2 (1.9%) in psoriasis but not found in non-psoriasis. Spongiosis was 45 (42.1%) in psoriasis and 30 (32.3%) in non-psoriasis. The vertical orientation of the collagen bundle was 2 (1.9%) and 2 (2.2%) in psoriasis and non-psoriasis respectively. Perivascular lymphocyte infiltration was 75 (70.1%) in psoriasis and 63 (67.7%) in non-psoriasis. The difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) between the two groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> All clinical features were significantly associated with psoriasis in patients who presented with psoriasiform disorders except subungual hyperkeratosis. In histopathology, all features were significantly associated with psoriasis excluding regular epidermal hyperplasia, spongiosis, vertical orientation of collagen bundle, and perivascular lymphocyte infiltration.</p>