Navy Personnel Research Articles

Exploring the Relationship between Hygiene Factors and Job Satisfaction in Workplace

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship that exists between hygiene factors and job satisfaction (JS) among the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) personnel in the workplace. The focus shall be directed toward the diligent personnel on board at Lumut Naval Base. The present study adopts a quantitative analysis methodology, employing a straightforward descriptive approach and correlation analysis through SPSS 23, wherein a sample of 220 employees was randomly selected for analysis. The empirical evidence suggests that there exist notable associations between job satisfaction (JS) and various factors, namely company policy, salary and benefits, and interpersonal relationships. The variables of job security and working conditions do not exhibit a statistically significant correlation with job satisfaction. The findings of this study suggest that there exists a noteworthy correlation between variables towards Job Satisfaction (JS). Therefore, there is no significant correlation between Job Security and Working Conditions in JS. The study's impact extends beyond the organization, encompassing the broader field, as it adds to the body of literature about the research elements. The utilization of models and theoretical frameworks in prospective investigations presents a distinct point for comprehending and interpreting phenomena that represents a noteworthy innovation within the context study.

The influence of financial technology, personality traits, and financial literacy on financial attitude, personal saving orientation, and family financial planning, moderated by financial quotient among naval families. “A study of Hera naval base, Timor-Leste”

Family financial planning is becoming more and more crucial, particularly in military environments where certain challenges can affect financial habits. The study looks at moderating role of financial quotient on the correlation between financial technology, personality traits, and financial literacy and family financial planning of naval families at Naval Base Hera. Although certain factors of financial behaviour have been studied before, how these factors are interrelated within military families is still unclear. This research seeks to fill this gap by employing a causal explanatory research method that analyze sources from 248 married Navy personnel through using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with Smart PLS. The findings paint a picture that where Fintech influences the financial behaviours of individuals and families, such traits for personality and financial literacy inform their attitudes and ever financial planning. Posted here, it is revealed that financial quotients have a moderate influence on the results of family financial planning. Thus, this research highlights the need to design and implement financial education interventions that incorporate technology support and improve the financial literacy of naval officers with policy implication for the authorities as well as other denominations in the teaching of financial education. This research fills this gap making a positive contribution in the understanding of financial management in military environment hence contributing to the informing of policies that foster better financial stability and well-being of families of soldiers serving in the navy.

Cancer Incidence among Marines and Navy Personnel and Civilian Workers Exposed to Industrial Solvents in Drinking Water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune: A Cohort Study.

Drinking water at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other industrial solvents from 1953 to 1985. A cohort cancer incidence study was conducted of Marines/Navy personnel who began service and were stationed at Camp Lejeune () or Camp Pendleton, California () between 1975 and 1985 and civilian workers employed at Camp Lejeune () or Camp Pendleton () between October 1972 and December 1985. Camp Pendleton's drinking water was not contaminated with industrial solvents. Individual-level information on primary invasive cancers and in situ bladder cancer diagnosed between 1996 and 2017 was obtained from 54 US cancer registries. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing cancer incidence between the Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton cohorts, adjusted for sex, race, education, and rank (or blue-collar work), with age as the time variable. Precision of aHRs was evaluated using the 95% confidence interval (CI) ratio (CIR). Cancers among Camp Lejeune Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers totaled 12,083 and 1,563, respectively. Cancers among Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers totaled 12,144 and 1,416, respectively. Compared with Camp Pendleton, Camp Lejeune Marines/Navy personnel had aHRs with CIRs for all myeloid cancers (; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.49), acute myeloid leukemia (; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.85), myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative syndromes (; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.62), polycythemia vera (; 95% CI: 0.94, 2.11), and cancers of the esophagus (; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.56), larynx (; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.50), soft tissue (; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.59), and thyroid (; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.45). Lymphoma subtypes mantle cell and marginal zone B-cell and lung cancer subtypes adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer also had aHRs with CIRs . Compared with Camp Pendleton, Camp Lejeune civilian workers had aHRs with CIRs for all myeloid cancers (; 95% CI: 0.83, 2.36), squamous cell lung cancer (; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.41), and female breast (; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.52) and ductal cancer (; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.71). Increased risks of several cancers were observed among Marines/Navy personnel and civilian workers exposed to contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune compared with Camp Pendleton. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14966.

Military-Civilian Partnership to Improve Combat Casualty Care Readiness Among Non-physician Providers.

Military-civilian partnerships (MCP) provide a bidirectional exchange of information and trauma best practices. In 2021, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center and the U.S. Navy signed a 3-year memorandum of understanding to embed active duty trauma providers into the Trauma Division to facilitate the training and sustainment of combat casualty care (CCC) skills. To date, there is little evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of military-civilian partnerships in maintaining combat casualty readiness in non-physician trauma providers. We evaluated the impact of combat casualty readiness for non-physician providers by mapping clinical experiences in an urban Level I trauma center against the Defense Health Agency's Joint Trauma Systems (JTS) Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). The JTS CPGs provide best practices for CCCand highlight the critical skills providers need to know before deploying to an austere environment. Patient acuity data and specific JTS CPG skills performed by a non-physician providers were collected in their respective specialties for each patient seen between January 2023 to January 2024. Analyses were performed using descriptive statistics via Redcap. A sample of 6 Navy personnel in different specialties: 1 Physician Assistant, 3 Registered Nurses (emergency medicine, perioperative, critical care), and 2 corpsmen (scrub tech and search & rescue/prehospital medic) completed 1299 records on patients treated. In all, 685 (52.7%) were trauma patients and 614 (47.3%) were non-trauma patients. Categories of injuries seen, listed from the most frequent to the least, were as follows: Other (764), Falls (250), Motor Vehicle Crashes (164), Gunshot Wound (126), Stab-related injuries (41). Category 1 skills, defined as "essential to know," were performed in 921 (36.1%) of the patients treated. In Category 2, skills described as "important to know" were performed in 889 (34.8%) of the patients treated. Category 3 skills, identified as "less urgent" as they are rare among trauma patients, were performed in 486 (19.0%) of the patients treated, and 252 (9.8%) required none of the JTS CPG skills. These categories were further broken down based on the frequency of the skills performed. Analysis revealed strengths and identified opportunities to direct clinical experience for underperforming skills. Military-civilian partnerships support CCC readiness. The data presented and the continuation of mapping personnel's clinical experience to military CPGs can gauge readiness in non-physician trauma providers. Notably, several skills in each category were identified as opportunities to modify the clinical exposure of the military provider. These findings indicate that modifications in clinical assignments could enhance active duty combat casualty readiness in these critical skills.

A qualitative investigation of demands, resources and self-regulation during Navy deployment

ABSTRACT Creating a sustainable workplace for Navy personnel is vital for their wellbeing and retention. This qualitative study explores the interplay between job and personal demands, resources, and stress self-regulation strategies affecting psychological strain among Navy personnel during deployment. We conducted semi-structured key informant interviews with 25 Navy personnel (68% male) to determine the demands and resources at sea that affect psychological strain. The findings identified that individual differences in coping strategies (e.g., recovery management), abilities (i.e. ability to make social connections), and their mind-set about deployment (e.g., sense of purpose) were perceived to play a role in the experience of strain. Additionally, the presence of supportive peers and leaders was identified as a key resource, whereas external stressors (e.g., family crisis) and social tension onboard, amplified by confined spaces, were commonly reported demands. Our findings also contribute to a growing body of research suggesting a nuanced interaction between individual coping strategies and job design. Formal organizational support was identified as enabling adaptive self-regulation strategies, while the capacity to form and maintain positive relationships helped foster a sense of belonging, countering isolation. Another key contribution was the individual differences in the appraisal of resources offered by the organization and the potential importance of resource appraisal in how effective resources were perceived to be for addressing shipboard demands. We provide recommendations relating to targets for personnel training, interventions, and leadership in terms of communication, supporting day-to-day and equal opportunity for recovery, resource access, maintaining morale, and shaping the evaluation of demands.

Evaluation of mortality among Marines, Navy personnel, and civilian workers exposed to contaminated drinking water at USMC base Camp Lejeune: a cohort study

BackgroundDrinking water at U.S. Marine Corps Base (MCB) Camp Lejeune, North Carolina was contaminated with trichloroethylene and other industrial solvents from 1953 to 1985.MethodsA cohort mortality study was conducted of Marines/Navy personnel who, between 1975 and 1985, began service and were stationed at Camp Lejeune (N = 159,128) or MCB Camp Pendleton, California (N = 168,406), and civilian workers employed at Camp Lejeune (N = 7,332) or Camp Pendleton (N = 6,677) between October 1972 and December 1985. Camp Pendleton’s drinking water was not contaminated with industrial solvents. Mortality follow-up was between 1979 and 2018. Proportional hazards regression was used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing mortality rates between Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton cohorts. The ratio of upper and lower 95% confidence interval (CI) limits, or CIR, was used to evaluate the precision of aHRs. The study focused on underlying causes of death with aHRs ≥ 1.20 and CIRs ≤ 3.ResultsDeaths among Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel totaled 19,250 and 21,134, respectively. Deaths among Camp Lejeune and Camp Pendleton civilian workers totaled 3,055 and 3,280, respectively. Compared to Camp Pendleton Marines/Navy personnel, Camp Lejeune had aHRs ≥ 1.20 with CIRs ≤ 3 for cancers of the kidney (aHR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.54), esophagus (aHR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.54) and female breast (aHR = 1.20, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.98). Causes of death with aHRs ≥ 1.20 and CIR > 3, included Parkinson disease, myelodysplastic syndrome and cancers of the testes, cervix and ovary. Compared to Camp Pendleton civilian workers, Camp Lejeune had aHRs ≥ 1.20 with CIRs ≤ 3 for chronic kidney disease (aHR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.13, 3.11) and Parkinson disease (aHR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.72, 2.04). Female breast cancer had an aHR of 1.19 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.88), and aHRs ≥ 1.20 with CIRs > 3 were observed for kidney and pharyngeal cancers, melanoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Quantitative bias analyses indicated that confounding due to smoking and alcohol consumption would not appreciably impact the findings.ConclusionMarines/Navy personnel and civilian workers likely exposed to contaminated drinking water at Camp Lejeune had increased hazard ratios for several causes of death compared to Camp Pendleton.

The Role ofDrill Instructors andGender Integration at Recruit Training: Examining Intersections ofGender andIntegration inthe Recruit Training Environment.

Drill instructors (DIs) are responsible for executing their Services' recruit training programs and for training recruits. DIs assume a variety of roles, including teaching and developing practical skills and knowledge, mentoring, modeling appropriate behavior and attitudes, motivating recruits for success during and after recruit training, applying and instilling discipline, and ensuring the safety and welfare of recruits. This article examines two major research questions at the intersection of gender, gender-integrated training, and the DI role: (1) What differences exist in how DIs experience their role by gender? and (2) how does gender-integrated recruit training affect DIs' approach to training? This article draws from 87 semistructured interviews conducted with Service leaders, training cadre, and DIs in service of a broader Marine Corps interdisciplinary study on gender integration at recruit training. Interviews were conducted virtually and in-person with Marine Corps, Army, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard personnel from June to November 2021. Each interview was coded with initial and secondary codes developed through a flexible coding approach. Data were analyzed across and within relevant categories such as gender and Service to identify themes and patterns. Although the DI role was universally described as demanding and difficult, unique challenges for women consistently emerged from the data. The top reported challenges faced by female DIs were personnel shortages, work and family conflict, culture-driven sexism in the training environment from male peers and recruits, and pressure to excel above and beyond their male peers. In recruit training, DIs are responsible for executing gender-integrated practices. Service leaders, training cadre, and DIs described how gender integration practices affect their approach to the role and implementation of training, including addressing and dismantling sexism, shutting down recruit romantic relationships, training all recruits in an equal manner, knowing gender-specific grooming standards, increasing communication among DIs, and working with mixed-gender DI teams. Female DIs face additional challenges in and outside the role compared with their male peers, and some of these challenges are preventable. Staffing and personnel issues plague the female DI population and are a persistent and pervasive challenge to gender integration efforts. Women are a necessary and highly desirable population to fill the DI role, particularly as Services aim to expose recruits to leaders of both genders during their critical first training experience. DIs play an important role in ensuring the successful completion of recruit training, ultimately helping to build the future leaders of the military. The success of gender integration efforts depends on DIs' intentional approach to the process. Future research can build on this work by expanding the scope to other military training environments (beyond recruit training) and examining how DIs' own sociodemographic positions (e.g., gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientation) inform their perspective on and approach to equity in the training environment.

The effect of a suspension training on physical fitness, lower extremity biomechanical factors, and occupational health in Navy personnel: a randomized controlled trial

Optimal physical fitness is essential for military personnel to effectively meet their rigorous physical demands. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a suspension training program on physical fitness, biomechanical risk factors for lower extremity injury, mental health, and work-related factors in Navy personnel. A total of 50 young men participated in a randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 25): the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group performed an eight-week suspension training session three times per week, while the control group maintained their daily duties. The primary outcome was physical performance. The secondary outcomes were determined biomechanical risk factors for lower extremity injuries, mental health, and work-related factors. The data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in physical performance, biomechanical risk for lower extremity injuries, and work-related factors from baseline to follow-up (p ≤ 0.05). However, there was no improvement in mental health. Based on these findings, suspension training positively impacted physical fitness, reduced injury risk, and enhanced the work-related factors of Navy personnel. This study provides new insights for various related experts and military coaches because it is an easy-to-use and feasible method with minimal facilities.

Revitalization of Indonesian Navy Language Education System in Promoting Human Resources Resilience

The writer concentates on the research about Indonesian Navy language education system. The method of the research is decriptive qualitative. In resulting the outcome of education program, there are some problem findings that are required to be solved: the education program curriculla that are still obsolete and temporary, the incompetent educators and educational staff, lack of the standardized education facilities, as well as the low intensity of education cooperation programs.The problems cause the education process of international languages not running well, so it cannot result the qualified Indonesian Navy’s graduates. To achieve the expected Indonesian Navy personnel’s graduates, the language education system in Indonesian Navy institutions can be revitalized by updating, establishing and composing the new education program curriculums, managing the human resources by adding more educators and educational staff, improving the professional development and providing more wellfare or rewards, standardizing the education facilities, such as classrooms, language laboratories, libraries, dormitories and course book references, as well as collaborating with the other foreign languange education units domestically, regionally and internationally. After that, the writer finds the strategy of revitalizing the language education system in Indonesian Navy units. By revitalizing the system, it can result the qualified graduates of Indonesian Navy personnel that can support the Resilience of Human Resources.

Immunogenicity of Two Doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S Booster Dose among Navy Personnel in Mexico.

Booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine have been recommended to improve and prolong immunity, address waning immunity over time, and contribute to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic. A heterologous booster vaccine strategy may offer advantages over a homologous approach. To compare the immunogenicity of two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine with a ChAdOx1-S booster dose, immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-spike (anti-S) and anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) antibody titers (Ab) were compared over 1 year and post-booster vaccination. Results showed that, at 3- to 9-month assessments in vaccinated subjects, an-ti-N Ab were undetectable in participants with no history of COVID-19. In contrast, anti-S Ab measurements were lower than those with COVID-19, and a decrease was observed during the 9 months of observation. After booster vaccination, no differences were found in anti-S between participants who reported a history of COVID-19 and those who did not. Anti-S levels were higher after booster vaccination measurement vs. at 9 months in participants with COVID-19 and without COVID-19, i.e., independent of an infection history. Vaccine administration elicited a response of higher anti-S IgG levels in those infected before vaccination, although levels decreased during the first nine months. IgG anti-N titers were higher in participants with a history of declared infection and who were asymptomatic. The ChAdOx1-S booster increased anti-S Ab levels in participants regardless of whether they had been infected or not to a significantly higher value than with the first two vaccines. These findings underscore the importance of booster vaccination in eliciting a robust and sustained immune response against COVID-19, regardless of the prior infection status.

Personality, Risk and Financial Planning: A Consigned Credit Analysis

Abstract This article examines Brazilian Navy personnel's psychological and behavioral characteristics in the context of credit risk, the consigned credit, utilizing multiple linear regressions and correspondence analyses. Incorporating personality traits through the Big Five model, the research considers various sociodemographic and military characteristics. The payroll-deductible loan sample comprises individuals with high financial planning and above-average or high-risk tolerance. This research contributes novel insights by integrating personality traits as determinants of military indebtedness, financial planning, and risk tolerance. The study reveals that the personality trait "openness to experience" positively impacts financial planning, indicating a tendency toward financial discipline. Women, older individuals, and those with less service time exhibit a riskier financial profile. The research identifies a lack of basic financial knowledge among indebted military personnel, underscoring the need for interventions to address this issue. Financial planning and risk tolerance are critical factors influencing decisions, reflecting broader societal challenges of increasing indebtedness and financial illiteracy. JEL classification numbers: D14, G21, G32. Keywords: Credit Risk, Personality Traits, Risk-taking, Consigned Loans, Military Personnel in Brazil.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Health Behavior Engagement and Psychological and Physical Health Among Active Duty Military Enrolled in a Weight Management Intervention: An Exploratory Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly affected the health and well-being of people globally. Some studies suggest individuals with overweight or obesity may have been more adversely impacted by pandemic restrictions. Additionally, military personnel may have been more vulnerable to stress during the pandemic because of job demands (e.g., work in close quarters). Our research group was conducting a randomized clinical trial of a weight management intervention in active duty military personnel with overweight or obesity when the COVID-19 pandemic struck. Thus, we collected additional pandemic-related data from participants enrolled during the COVID-19 pandemic and conducted exploratory analyses to understand how the pandemic affected their stress levels and perceived abilities to engage in health behaviors like exercise and healthy eating. The aims of this exploratory study were to: (1) assess associations between pandemic-related stress and health behaviors with body fat percentage (BF%) and psychological and physical health, and (2) explore how pandemic-related stress and health behaviors affected BF% during and after the intervention. A total of 29 active duty Navy personnel (55% female, 69% White) were enrolled after the onset of pandemic restrictions and completed measures assessing pandemic-related stress and health behaviors as well as measures of general psychological and physical health before the intervention. BF% was collected at 5 timepoints, including baseline, during, and following the intervention. Bivariate correlations assessed associations at baseline. Linearmixed-effects longitudinal models explored how pandemic-related stress and health behaviors affected BF%. Post-hoc analyses evaluated the effects of pandemic factors on BF% at each timepoint. Most participants perceived of the pandemic as increasing stress and detracting from their abilities to engage in health behaviors (i.e., exercise and healthy eating). Higher pandemic stress was significantly associated with reporting exercise and healthy eating as more difficult, worse overall health, and more anxiety and general stress. Reporting exercise as harder during the pandemic also was associated with more psychological distress at baseline. A linearmixed- effects model controlling for age, sex, and number of intervention sessions attended revealed endorsing "exercise as harder" was associated with higher BF%. Post-hoc regression analyses revealed rating "exercise as harder" significantly predicted higher BF% 3 months post-intervention (B = 0.65, P = .01), whereas pandemic stress was not significantly associated with higher BF% at 3 month (B =0.14, P = .08) or 6 month (B = 0.21, P = .09) follow-up. As expected, most participants perceived of the pandemic as heightening stress and interfering with engagement in health behaviors. It is possible that pandemic-related stress may have exacerbated weight gain-promoting behaviors and/or interfered with achievement of desired weight management outcomes. Outside the context of the pandemic, it may be beneficial for healthcare providers to screen individuals for stress and perceptions of ease of engagement in health behaviors before enrollment in a weight management intervention. Further, tailoring interventions to mitigate stress and promote perceptions of ease in engaging in health behaviors may promote better weight management outcomes.

Mesothelioma among seamen: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Navy personnel and seafarers live and work 24 h per day in the shipboard environment and they are exposed to asbestos fibers released into the confined spaces aboard ships. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the mesothelioma risk of seamen working aboard ships, either commercial or naval vessels, as compared to that of the general population. We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE through PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to 31 December 2021, of all studies on seamen working aboard ships, either commercial or naval vessels, characterized by exposure to asbestos and providing mesothelioma risk estimates. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of the studies included. The pooled standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was computed across eligible studies. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO and reporting followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. A total of 10 studies published from 1990 to 2020 were considered eligible and included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. All the included studies were of good quality, with a median score of seven out of nine. Overall, there were 235 mesothelioma cases/deaths in the included studies versus 115.6 expected, with a pooled SMR of 2.11 (95% confidence intervals, 1.70-2.62), in the absence of a significant between-study heterogeneity ( I2 = 39%, P = 0.11). A more than double excess risk for mesothelioma among seamen working aboard ships emerged from our meta-analysis.

Feeling the Strain: Understanding the Relationship between Stress and Physical Activity in Members of the Royal Canadian Navy.

Research finds that experiencing psychological stress can be associated with engaging in less physical activity, a critical contributor to operational readiness and overall health and well-being. As navy personnel tend to engage in lower levels of physical activity than other military personnel, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between stress and physical activity in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) and identify moderators of this relationship. Data for this study were obtained from an electronic workplace well-being survey administered to a stratified random sample of 930 members in hard sea occupations managed by the RCN. Multivariable logistic regressions examined the associations between indicators of stress (e.g., job stress, burnout, work-life conflict, and psychological distress) and physical activity engagement; the moderating effects of demographic/military characteristics and health status (e.g., rank, gender, sailing status, general health status, and body mass index [BMI]) were examined. Navy personnel who were married or in common-law relationships and those who reported poorer overall health were less likely to be physically active. Navy personnel with lower psychological distress were more likely be active (P = .03); however, direct associations with other indicators of stress were not significant. BMI was the only significant moderator of the relationship between stress and physical activity. Specifically, for members classified as obese, higher levels of burnout and work-life conflict were associated with being more physically active. Conversely, nonobese members with elevated burnout reported less physical activity. The findings of this study support a complex relationship between experiencing stress and engaging in physical activity, which showed varying patterns based on BMI classification. Although the cross-sectional nature of the data precludes any inferences about the direction of these effects, the results suggest that some members of the RCN are more at risk of experiencing decrements in physical activity. Future research should examine the types of physical activity supports and incentives that are needed to ensure that navy personnel derive the benefits of an active lifestyle, especially in times of stress.

Emphasizing the Importance of Social Comparison: A Multilevel Analysis of Safety Compliance

Safety compliance is a vital aspect of minimizing organizational risk of injury. However, much of the current scholarship neglects social processes that have important implications for the efficacy of efforts to increase compliance. Leveraging theories of social comparison and social reciprocation as a foundation, the present study investigated the compliance of others as a moderator for the relationship between supervisor safety priority and individual compliance, safety communication and individual compliance, and perceived departmental support and individual compliance. Utilizing unique data from U.S. Navy personnel (N = 8,331), we took a multilevel approach by examining three levels (individual, department, and ship) and found support for our hypotheses at the individual level. Further, when examining the compliance of others within their department assignments, we found that department compliance of others strengthens the relationship between supervisor safety priority and individual safety compliance. Providing a unique contribution to safety science, our findings emphasize the importance of cultivating normative perceptions, considering multilevel factors, and stressing compliance with safety protocols.

Нарушения опорно-двигательного аппарата у водолазного состава военно-морского флота

Aim. To study the features of the pathogenesis and clinical picture of musculoskeletal disorders in various categories of military personnel of the Navy (Navy) and pensioners of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (MOD) based on a set of clinical, instrumental and laboratory data. Design. Prospective observational study. Materials and methods. An examination was carried out and the medical documentation was studied of 98 military personnel of the Navy and pensioners of the Defense Ministry in the following groups: I — military personnel of the Navy without a history of exposure to hyperbaria, II — military personnel belonging to deep-sea divers with moderate work experience, III — military personnel belonging to deep-sea divers with significant work experience, IV — pensioners of the Ministry of Defense, whose professional activity was related to work on deep-sea vehicles (aquanauts), V — pensioners of the Ministry of Defense without a history of exposure to hyperbaria. The patients underwent a detailed laboratory and instrumental study of bone tissue metabolism, including digital radiography, osteodensitometry, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography. Results. Significant osteo-articular changes of the type of dysbaric osteonecrosis were noted among Navy diving personnel, most pronounced among retired Navy personnel – aquanauts. Conclusion. Osteoarticular changes in Navy diving personnel are of a specific dysbarogenic nature, polyetiological, localized in large joints and diaphyses of adjacent bones and become significant as the length of service, the severity of the work performed and occupational risks in hyperbaric conditions increase. Digital radiography and MRI are recognized as the optimal methods for diagnosing dysbaric osteonecrosis and “dysbarogenic osteoarthropathy”. As a rapid diagnostic method, it is advisable to use innovative urine test strips that allow determining the threshold concentrations of bone resorption markers — β-crosslaps and α-crosslaps. Keywords: diving personnel of the Navy, aquanauts, dysbaric osteonecrosis and "dysbarogenic osteoarthropathy", etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis.

Asbestos-related cancer in naval personnel: findings from participants in the British nuclear tests 1952–1967

Asbestos-containing materials (ACM) were present in British and Australian naval vessels throughout the twentieth century. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the incidence of cancer in naval personnel from onboard asbestos exposure. Subjects were four cohorts of subjects who had served in the armed forces of the United Kingdom and Australia in the 1950s and 1960s. All cohorts had previously been studied, three of them in relation to radiation exposures from British nuclear testing. Comparisons of SIRs between services were made to identify cancers attributable to asbestos exposure. Excess mesotheliomas were found in naval personnel in all cohorts. In all but one cohort the lung cancer incidence was highest in navy personnel. Comparison of other smoking-related conditions indicated that the excess in navy personnel was not smoking-related. The relatively high SIRs for mesothelioma and the occurrence of deaths from asbestosis were indicative of high levels of asbestos exposure, with an expectation of cases of asbestos-related lung cancer. The findings are consistent with the occurrence of significant excesses of mesotheliomas. In addition, notwithstanding some inconsistencies in the results between the cohorts, we estimated that approximately 27% of lung cancers in Australian seamen and 12% in British seamen were related to onboard asbestos exposure.

Macrotraumatic Fractures of the Multisegmented Ankle-Foot Complex in Military Tactical Athletes: A Cohort Study.

Ankle-foot injuries are common in military personnel and substantially degrade function and force readiness. The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the incidence and contributing factors of traumatic ankle-foot fractures in the US military. A population-based study of all service members in the US military was performed assessing the factors of sex, occupation, service branch, rank, and year on segmental tibia-fibula, rearfoot, and forefoot fracture incidence between 2006 and 2015. The Defense Medical Epidemiology Database was queried for the number of individuals with fractures of the tibia-fibula, rearfoot, and forefoot using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification on the initial medical encounter. Unadjusted relative risk (RR) calculations were performed assessing sex and occupation. A negative binomial regression assessed the adjusted factors of sex, branch, rank, and year. During this study, 95,540 enlisted service members (8.4 per 1,000 person-years) and 13,318 military officers (5.8 per 1,000 person-years) were diagnosed with ankle-foot fractures. In the adjusted analysis, sex was found to only be a significant factor in forefoot fractures (RR, 1.54), with female service members having a significantly higher risk. There were no significant sex-related differences observed in tibia-fibula or rearfoot fractures. US Navy and Air Force personnel had significantly lower risk of tibia-fibula fractures (RR range, 0.76-0.84) compared with the US Army. Forefoot fracture risk was significantly higher in the US Marine Corps (RR, 1.47) compared with the US Army. Officers had consistently lower risk for fractures in each segment (RR range, 0.68-0.77) compared with enlisted personnel. Enlisted engineers, aviation, and artillery/gunnery compared to infantry, and ground/naval gunfire officers had the greatest relative risk compared all other officer fields (RR range, 1.11-3.67). Sex, occupation, branch, and rank were salient factors for macrotraumatic ankle-foot fractures. These findings can be used to inform and increase precision in medical planning and in the targeted development of preventive interventions.

The current legal regime of the Indonesian outer small islands

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the legal regime of the outermost small islands in the Indonesian archipelago by examining the legal framework and border management, defense and security issues, and challenges of overlapping authority between government agencies. The results indicate that Indonesia still faces challenges with the implementation of the legal framework. These challenges include undetermined maritime borders with neighbouring countries, threats to maritime security, overlapping law enforcement, weak border management and institutional framework problems in the utilisation of these islands. The solutions proposed by this research include the government reaching an agreement with neighbouring countries due to the threats faced. Then, there is a need for an increased number of patrol fleets and improved capability of Navy personnel in strengthening law enforcement and maritime control. Furthermore, an amendment to the laws and regulations should provide clearer provisions to the Navy and the Coast Guard to improve coordination in law enforcement. Finally, the effectiveness of the National Border Management Agency should be strengthened by equipping it with trained personnel capable of effectively cooperating with border institutions from neighbouring countries. Furthermore, this research suggests that integrated national marine policies and governance should be established to coordinate institutional work in managing these islands effectively.

Role of Chronic Pain and Physical Fitness in Predicting Susceptibility to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Navy Personnel

Role of Chronic Pain and Physical Fitness in Predicting Susceptibility to Musculoskeletal Injuries in Navy Personnel