Naval Reserve Research Articles

Naval Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Military Performance And Fitness Characteristics Across Academic Years

Naval Reserve Officers’ Training Corps Military Performance And Fitness Characteristics Across Academic Years

Treatment of poly‐ and perfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater using a carbon‐based micro‐adsorbent and ceramic membrane filtration

AbstractThis article presents the results of an Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) demonstration conducted at Horsham Air Guard Station and the former Willow Grove Naval Reserve Station in Horsham, Pennsylvania. The ESTCP project information can be found here: https://www.serdp-estcp.org/projects/details/568c0487-f182-40c1-9d4d-9297f4bbedda/er19-5181-projcet-overview. The technology demonstrated, identified as the AquaPRS™ system, employs a carbon‐based micro‐adsorbent suspension to adsorb polyfluoroalkylated substance (PFAS), which is subsequently filtered using a ceramic membrane filter. A prototypical AquaPRS system was specifically designed and implemented to treat per‐ and PFAS‐contaminated water resources at a fidelity level that could be replicated at other US Department of Defense sites. The objective of the project was to demonstrate and validate the application of the adsorption and separation treatment approach to reduce the total life‐cycle cost of treating PFAS‐impacted groundwater. The results of the demonstration showed that the AquaPRS technology provides an alternative to granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) systems based on treatment efficacy and cost performance using lifecycle cost analyses. Pretreatment included cloth media filtration with a nominal 5 µm particulate rejection rating to remove sediment from the surface water treated during the Horsham evaluation. Prefiltration was not necessary for treating the Willow Grove groundwater due to the lower raw turbidities. The micro‐adsorbent was added to the system to maintain a suspension between 1 and 50 g/L in the sorbent chamber at reaction times from 5 to 20 min. Treated effluent was separated from the sorbent slurry matrix using the ceramic membrane filter, with the slurry returned to the sorption reactor. The first study conducted at Horsham Air Guard Station demonstrated and validated the AquaPRS treatment approach using a mobile pilot system, while the second study (conducted at the former Naval Reserve Air Station at Willow Grove) provided further optimization of cost, performance, and scalability. At Horsham, 13 tests were conducted over 9 months using a dual‐train pilot with each test evaluating two separate conditions. The first 10 tests were conducted with treatment systems in parallel and the remaining three were conducted in series. At Willow Grove, five tests were conducted over a 6‐month period for a total of 10 individual test conditions. Three tests were performed in parallel with two operated in series. Tests conducted at Horsham evaluated the performance of the AquaPRS system at different hydraulic detention times (5–120 min), sorbent mass (10–430 g), sorbent densities (0.5–40 g/L), and flowrates (0.1–1 L/min). At Willow Grove, the range of these parameters was further narrowed with hydraulic detention times from 10 to 20 min, sorbent mass from 100 to 200 g, sorbent density from 10 to 25 g/L, and flowrate from 0.67 to 1 L/min. AquaPRS was validated by quantifying the specific adsorption rate (SAR) of various PFASs on the micro‐adsorbent and comparing it to values derived for GAC and IX from the same water matrix. The costs of the three treatment systems were compared to estimate a payback period for the AquaPRS system compared to GAC and IX. At 10% breakthrough, the SAR of AquaPRS for the combined concentration of the United States Environmental Protection Agency's Third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) PFASs was nearly 300 times higher compared to those treated with GAC. At 40 ng/L breakthrough for combined UCMR3 compounds, a single‐stage AquaPRS system at Horsham achieved 146 µg PFAS/g sorbent SAR, while a dual‐stage system at Willow Grove achieved 2128 µg PFAS/g sorbent. The AquaPRS system showed a breakeven period of 8 months compared to a similarly designed GAC system in the Horsham evaluation using the observed adsorption rates. In the Willow Grove test case, a 24–36‐month breakeven period was determined for the AquaPRS technology when compared to the highest sorption rates observed among five previously tested IX resins. The AquaPRS benefits in comparison to GAC/IX include effective performance in the presence of co‐contaminants, adaptability to changing conditions, limited downtime for sorbent replacement, resistance to biofouling, small footprint, and reduced disposal requirements. The lower waste production rates are due to the AquaPRS' ability to dewater the spent sorbent resulting in a waste generation of just 0.002% of the total volume of water treated. Based on the treatment efficacy and cost performance, the AquaPRS system is positioned as an alternative to GAC and IX systems.

DIVERSITY DISCUSSION: INTENTIONALITY AND BLINDSPOTS

On November 22, 2022, Dr. Michael Peters, Director of the Naval Reserve Professional Development and Mentorship Program for the Royal Canadian Navy presented Diversity Discussion: Intentionality and Blindspots. The presentation was followed by a question-and-answer period with questions from the audience and CASIS Vancouver executives. The key points discussed were the benefits and challenges surrounding Diversity and Inclusion programs, the need for intentionality and accountability in the creation and implementation of the programs, and the ways in which role modelling and mentorship from those in leadership positions helps to foster and sustain an environment conducive to diversity and inclusion. Received: 2022-12-30Revised: 2023-01-05

Recruiting the Royal Naval Coast Volunteers in Britain and Ireland, 1854–6

When it comes to the naval history of the Crimean War very little attention has been given to the effort to establish a new home defence force during those years: the Royal Naval Coast Volunteers. To date the historiography has focused on the operations, ships, and officers of the campaign abroad, while omitting the effort of the Admiralty, through the Coastguard, and guided by the Naval Coast Volunteers Act 1853, to establish, recruit, and train a new naval reserve. Utilizing a four-nations perspective and drawing upon a cross-section of sources from the same, this article documents the efforts to establish the RNCV in 1854–6. It details the people, strategies, responses, and regions involved, before ending with a brief appraisal of those activities within the context of similar efforts to embody other naval reserves.

My Life as Scientist and Professor

AbstractThe foundations for my professional life began at Stanford University, thanks to a four year Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps scholarship and, in my fifth year, securing a graduate research assistantship. Although I was enrolled at Stanford as an Electrical Engineering major, I took many physics classes. My Physics teachers included Willis Lamb and Robert Hofstadter (Nobel Prize winning faculty) as well as the renowned Wolfgang Panofsky. In addition, I had close contact with two Physics graduate assistants: Henry Kendall (who later became a Nobel Prize winner) and James Bjorken (who was awarded the coveted Wolf Prize in physics). From these contacts and my classes, I came to learn that Physics would be my lifetime intellectual home. Not incidentally, Kendall and Bjorken were also responsible for my collegiate addiction to rock climbing, usually on the soft sandstone near Stanford but also along the walls of Yosemite Valley and peaks of Tuolumne Meadows.

FREDERICK H. HARTMANN Y LA RELACIÓN DE LAS NACIONES

Frederick Hartmann nació en Nueva York en 1922 y murió en el año 2015 a la edad de93 años. Graduado de la Universidad de California en Berkeley, se incorporó a la US Navy enel programa acelerado durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial y tomó parte de nueve invasionesincluyendo la de Palau, Leyte, Linguyen, Gulf y Okinawa y recibió 7 estrellas de batalla.En 1946 se enroló en el programa de la escuela de graduados de la Universidad dePrinceton obteniendo en 1949 un PhD en Política. Fue luego profesor de la Universidad deFlorida en 1948 donde fue promovido rápidamente a profesor asociado y luego a profesorprincipal. Hartmann comandó una división de la Reserva Naval en Gainesville, Florida y fuepromovido a Capitán de Navío en 1966. Ese año aceptó una nueva posición creada en el UnitedStates Naval War College en Newport, Rhode Island, donde se desempeñó durante 20 añoscomo profesor de Ciencias Políticas, y fue el principal asesor de nueve presidentes del NavalWar College. Su prolífica producción literaria lo llevó a escribir quince libros, todos de granreputación, entre los que destacan The Relations of Nations y The Conservation of Enemies.Como graduado del Naval War College, me honro en intentar revivir su legado en estecorto artículo para la prestigiosa Revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Internacional, enel cual trato de revisitar su libro más famoso: The Relations of Nations (1957) escrito en seisediciones y traducido a muchos idiomas, siendo usado en escuelas de negocios internacionales,escuelas de guerra y escuela de política exterior en muchas naciones. El tema central es el queaboca al eje central de los estudios en el US Naval War College que son las relacionesinternacionales y la política y estrategia en el desarrollo de las naciones.

Warren Bruce

Warren Bruce, 89, died on Jan. 21 in Oriental, North Carolina. “In addition to his scientific career, Warren served as a US Navy flight officer aboard the carrier Intrepid, retiring as a navy captain. He continued to serve in the US Naval Reserve from 1953 to 1980. He was also a certified command pilot in the US Coast Guard Auxiliary Aviation Program. As an avid sailor, he participated in regattas and sailing clubs. He served his community as Pamlico County commissioner and was on the board of the Craven County Regional Airport. I could go on, but suffice it to say that Warren was truly one of the most well-rounded individuals I have known.”—William F. Michne, friend and colleague Most recent title: Manager of R&D, DuPont Education: BS, chemical engineering, 1952, and MS, chemical engineering, 1953, Princeton University; PhD, physical chemistry, University of New Mexico–Los Alamos, 1962 Survivors: Wife, Kathy

Stassen Again by Steve Werle

Reviewed by: Stassen Again by Steve Werle Jeffrey Kolnick Steve Werle, Stassen Again. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society Press, 2015. 248 pp. $18.95. Steve Werle’s biography of Harold Stassen provides a much-needed window into a world where the Republican Party had a significant and assertive moderate wing. For many decades, Stassen was at the center of this middle way. Born in 1907 and raised on a small farm in what is today the inner ring suburb of West St. Paul, Stassen lived through most of the twentieth century and played a role in shaping many of its important characteristics. Werle focuses primarily on Stassen’s quest to create an international architecture of peace during and after World War II, but we also learn how he worked to move the Republican Party toward more moderate positions on labor and welfare. Without really explaining Stassen’s decision to join the Republican Party, Werle informs us that from an early age he adopted a reformist attitude and challenged long-established conservative positions within the party. Raised during the Progressive era and coming of age politically during the Great Depression and the rise of fascism and militarism, Stassen understood that simpleminded conservatism had no political future and that threats to freedom [End Page 169] and democracy from the right were as dangerous and real as those from the left. He also understood that an unregulated marketplace was as much a threat to prosperity as a centrally planned economy. Having served as the Dakota County district attorney, he was elected governor of Minnesota in 1938. Stassen proposed a wide-ranging reform agenda, including the state’s first civil service law, the establishment of the state office of social security and public welfare, and a massive reorganization of the state administrative and finance offices. Significantly, Stassen embarked on passing the Minnesota Labor Peace Act of 1939. Borrowing ideas from legal experts and scholars at the University of Minnesota— who in turn borrowed ideas from other countries, particularly Denmark and Norway— the act called for the creation of an office of a state labor conciliator who could force closed-door negotiations for ten days before a strike or lockout could be called. If a compelling public interest was at stake, an additional cooling off period could be called where a fact finding commission would review the dispute between labor and management. Such a proposal accepted as normal the potential conflicts between bosses and workers and sought to use the power of government to encourage negotiations when the two parties saw no alternative to a strike or a lockout. Reelected three times, Stassen resigned the governorship in 1943 to join the war effort in the Naval Reserve. From that point forward, Werle argues, Stassen focused on global security issues. As a commander in the Navy, Stassen worked closely with Admiral William Halsey and was involved in liberating prisoners of war in the Pacific. Stassen was then appointed one of seven Americans to head the US delegation that created the United Nations. Werle sets out in some detail the interesting story of how Stassen played a key role in overcoming the profound challenges of drafting language dealing with the legacy of colonialism. Here, common ground needed to be found between former colonial powers reluctant to give up their old ways and new nations demanding freedom. Stassen was a fierce internationalist who sincerely sought a world order based on universally accepted rules and negotiation, rather than bombs and threats of violence. In the end, the strength of this biography is the way Werle demonstrates Stassen’s commitment to what he calls “the middle way.” Within the Republican Party there was a conservative wing and a progressive wing, and they struggled for power through all of Stassen’s political life. Harold Stassen never wavered in his commitment to this middle way. One is reminded in reading this book that both major parties had within them deeply conservative [End Page 170] and progressive elements well into the last decades of the twentieth century. Werle is clearly an admirer of Stassen, and the book could have been more evenhanded in its analysis of foreign policy generally and the Cold War...

Gulf War illness associated with abnormal auditory P1 event-related potential: Evidence of impaired cholinergic processing replicated in a national sample

Our team previously reported event-related potential (ERP) and hyperarousal patterns from a study of one construction battalion of the U.S. Naval Reserve who served during the 1991 Persian Gulf War. We sought to replicate these findings in a sample that was more representative of the entire Gulf War-era veteran population, including male and female participants from four branches of the military. We collected ERP data from 40 veterans meeting Haley criteria for Gulf War syndromes 1–3 and from 22 matched Gulf War veteran controls while they performed an auditory oddball task. Reports of hyperarousal from the ill veterans were significantly greater than those from the control veterans, and P1 amplitudes in Syndromes 2 and 3 were significantly higher than P1 amplitudes in Syndrome 1, replicating our previous findings. Many of the contributors to the generation of the P1 potential are also involved in the regulation of arousal and are modulated by cholinergic and dopaminergic systems—two systems whose dysfunction has been implicated in Gulf War illness. These differences among the three syndrome groups where their means were on either side of controls is a replication of our previous ERP study and is consistent with previous imaging studies of this population.

The Importance of Being a Reservist: The Royal Navy Reserve and the Highlands and Islands, c.1875–1939

In 1894, two-fifths of the men who served in the Royal Naval Reserves (RNR) were drawn from the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, despite the region containing only 0.5% of the total UK population. This was not an atypical spike in recruitment, however, but represents merely one moment in a relationship that lasted for nearly a century. Highlanders and Islanders had served in the RNR since its inception in 1859, and continued to do so in large numbers right up to the outbreak of war in 1939. This article explores the association between region and military institution that developed as a result, and the economic and social reasons that lay behind this. In doing so, it challenges the tendency for Scottish historians to focus overwhelmingly on questions of national identity when examining the British military. It also suggests that the historiography of the Highlands and Islands has focused too much on questions of land and land ownership, and not enough on the wider economic and social circumstances impacting on individual and community life across the region.

Olin B. Vaughan, 1920-2017

Olin B. Vaughan, 1920-2017

A forgotten navy: fish, fishermen, fishing vessels and the Great War at sea

ABSTRACTDiscussion about the Great War at sea tends to centre on capital ships and Jutland. Far less has been written about the crucial role played by fishermen, fishing vessels and their coastal communities. Yet armed fishing vessels and their fishermen crews were continually on the maritime front line. They formed the backbone of the Auxiliary Patrol, working principally on anti-U-boat patrols or minesweeping. Around 3000 fishing vessels were requisitioned whilst more than 39,000 fishermen joined the Trawler Section of the Royal Naval Reserve. The cultural, social and attitudinal gulf between working fishermen and many RN officers was enormous.Those vessels left fishing also played a vital role in maintaining the food supplies; many were sunk whilst working. Around 672 fishing vessels were lost through enemy action whilst either fishing or on Admiralty service. After the war, their substantial role was gradually forgotten, now hardly recognised. This paper examines their contribution.

Chameleon masculinity: developing the British ‘population-centred’ soldier

ABSTRACTIn this article I develop what I term chameleon masculinity as a specific form of gendered adaptation of military agency opened up by the post-9/11 shift towards ‘population-centred’ counterinsurgency and stabilisation. A gendered analysis of this carefully cultivated form of military agency is central to revealing some of the concealed embodied dynamics that challenge the hegemony of the traditional combat soldier, and in practice enables this form of war. Drawing on 18 months of anthropological fieldwork, for the most part alongside the UK’s Military Stabilisation Support Group, this research incorporates my auto-ethnography as an officer in the Royal Naval Reserves. Rather than focusing at the level of policy, strategy, and doctrine, I examine how the specialized and masculinized agency of ‘the chameleon’ translates tactically into the body of the British military stabilisation operative, showing how this is developed though intensive pre-deployment training in the UK, and embodied and practised through operational deployment in Afghanistan. This reveals the specific agency of chameleon masculinity and how its potential for inherent violence becomes deceptively ‘hidden in plain sight’.

Robert Marius Foster

After junior posts, Robert Marius Foster (“Roy”) spent two years in national service in the Royal Navy and then the Royal Naval Reserves as surgeon lieutenant and then surgeon lieutenant...

Athol Noble Hepburn

Athol Hepburn was born and educated in Aberdeen. After house appointments he joined the Royal Navy for a short service commission. After two years at sea, including the Gulf and...

Memories of Okinawa

for members of the allegedly “greatest” generation one’s date of birth could make a considerable difference when it came to service in World War ii. sixteen when Pearl harbor was attacked, I turned eighteen early in 1943. to escape summons by the army, I enlisted in the navy and got myself assigned to the V-12 officer-training program. happily the navy, as months passed, was not taking casualties at worst-case projections, and I remained in harvard’s V-12 unit for two winters, taking regular college courses. Training, socalled, turned out to be a matter of once-a-week close-order drill exercises. samuel hynes, whose Flights of Passage tells a different story, is only seven or eight months older than I; yet in april 1945, when I was little more than halfway through Midshipman’s school, sam was flying combat missions over the Ryukyus, with the battle for okinawa raging below. though I was soon commissioned an ensign in the U.s. Naval Reserve, my only time at sea would consist of a weeklong sail from san francisco to Pearl harbor aboard a top-heavy escort carrier—a converted merchant ship with nothing much in the hold—when the 7,000-mile-long gentle Pacific swells abruptly defeated my claim to be immune to mal de mer; and then a two-week return voyage from the Pacific in the late summer of 1946 on an overcrowded troopship outrunning a typhoon and then befogged for two days off the aleutians. at the start of Midshipman’s school we were asked which branch of service we might prefer when commissioned: navigation, communications, regular deck duty, or, for a limited number, the Japanese language program. Just then the war in europe was clearly nearing an end. But, with the fight for Iwo Jima just beginning and with okinawa still a place few of us had heard of, the Pacific war seemed likely to go on a lot longer. the mantra then was “Golden Gate by ’48.” so I signed on for the fourteen-month Japanese program, surviving an awkward interview conducted in halting french (to test language proficiency) with an officer we later identified as “arigato go-hindmarsh.” By the time of commissioning in early June—in a ceremony held in New York’s st. John the Divine, where, as a member of the midshipmen’s choir, I got to raise my voice in that acoustically splendid surround—the fighting on okinawa was close to ending. and six weeks into studying Japanese—twelve

A Window Seat on American Politics: Reflections on the GMFUS/APSA Congressional Fellowship

On a foggy Monday morning in late September 2010 in Kiel, Germany, I received a phone call from Berlin. “Do you have any plans for November through summer of next year?” the voice inquired. One of the two German Marshall Fund congressional fellows for the 2010–2011 round had suddenly dropped out and a replacement was needed. The call came five months after I had been initially rejected for the fellowship, and while my life had certainly moved on (I had begun work on my PhD dissertation at the University of Kiel and had expected to stay in Northern Germany for two or three years), I quickly regained my composure, asked for time to discuss this with my dissertation director as well as with my parents, and shortly thereafter accepted the selection. Exactly how I managed to cram the amount of work required for moving overseas into four weeks instead of the usual four to six months remains blurry. Eventually, however, I was able to tie up the loose ends in Germany, get the appropriate work visa for the United States, and even participate in a prestigious, long-planned naval reserve exercise that the German Navy's chief of naval operations had invited me to attend.

William Malcolm Ferguson

William (“Willie”) Ferguson was born in Lochbisdale, South Uist. He qualified as a doctor during the second world war and served in the Royal Naval Reserve in a variety of...

A Conversation with David R. Brillinger

David Ross Brillinger was born on the 27th of October 1937, in Toronto, Canada. In 1955, he entered the University of Toronto, graduating with a B.A. with Honours in Pure Mathematics in 1959, while also serving as a Lieutenant in the Royal Canadian Naval Reserve. He was one of the five winners of the Putnam mathematical competition in 1958. He then went on to obtain his M.A. and Ph.D. in Mathematics at Princeton University, in 1960 and 1961, the latter under the guidance of John W. Tukey. During the period 1962--1964 he held halftime appointments as a Lecturer in Mathematics at Princeton, and a Member of Technical Staff at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey. In 1964, he was appointed Lecturer and, two years later, Reader in Statistics at the London School of Economics. After spending a sabbatical year at Berkeley in 1967--1968, he returned to become Professor of Statistics in 1970, and has been there ever since. During his 40 years (and counting) as a faculty member at Berkeley, he has supervised 40 doctoral theses. He has a record of academic and professional service and has received a number of honors and awards.

Case report – Carcinoid Syndrome: Two case reports from Reserve Unit

Carcinoid tumours are uncommon and carcinoid syndrome is likely to be encountered only occasionally during a clinical career outside the Neuro-endocrine and related specialties. Two cases of carcinoid syndrome are described in Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) personnel presenting simultaneously in the same unit. Both had long histories and, despite early contact with medical staff, had for some time been dismissed as having trivial complaints. Both have responded well to treatment, though neither has been able to have curative surgery. The current methods of diagnosis which allow much earlier identification and localisation of these tumours are discussed. We also review the management options now available which will control disease and allow the patient to pursue their chosen career, be it military or civil.