Naval Combat System Research Articles

Simulation Testing of Maritime Cyber-Physical Systems: Application of Model-View-ViewModel

From the perspective of the system of systems development, system-level functional testing is required for designing subsystems. This study utilizes modeling and simulation techniques to analyze the operational behaviors of the subsystems and confirm data communication between them. The targeted system in the study is a naval combat system (NCS), which is a typical type of defense cyber-physical system (CPS). Three types of models were designed for the simulation testing of the NCS: a combat-management model for simulating the overall computational activities, physical models to confirm the intrasubsystem behaviors, and data integration models to test the intersubsystem communications. These models are realized with the Model-View-ViewModel design pattern, which strongly facilitates graphical user interfaces being decoupled from model logic and data. We consider underwater combat scenarios as an application. Six significant physical subsystems within the NCS are simulated and tested: a ship-steering system, an inertial navigation system, a global navigation satellite system, a periscope, sonar systems, and a plotting board. We expect that the proposed work will play a principal role when analyzing the behaviors and communications of defense CPSs and providing an environment for functional testing as a digital twin.

Security Testing for Naval Ship Combat System Software

Military weapon systems are considered as “system of systems” (SoS). They comprise various equipment based on computers and networks and have been developed using commercial computing technology for several decades. The state-of-the-art weapon systems are information technology (IT) systems, for example, the cyber-physical system. In particular, the naval combat system, which is a weapon system, is a representative system interconnecting a number of equipments by using commercial computing technology. It is a software-based complex system, which produces and shares information about naval tactical situations by interconnecting the various systems installed on ships or remote platforms. Moreover, it performs tactical combat functions automatically or manually for assigned missions. As the core function and performance of the combat system shift from being hardware-centric to software-centric, cybersecurity threats to software that can affect the combat systems may emerge as a novel issue. The failure of the combat system to perform normal combat functions in an actual naval combat situation owing to cybersecurity issues is a very serious risk to naval operations. However, software security testing is not conducted systematically during system development because the cybersecurity of the combat system is evaluated to be less important than its function and performance, resulting in the development of an insecure and vulnerable combat system against cybersecurity threats. To build a secure combat system against cyberattacks, it is important to derive systematic and practical security testing for the combat system software during system development. This paper analyzes the previous researches on a software security test, characteristics of the combat system software, and guidelines for the software security testing of the Korean military’s weapon system development. In addition, it proposes improved software security testing to strengthen the cybersecurity of the combat system based on its characteristics and missions.

Ergonomic Analysis on 3-Screen Multi-function Console Design of the Naval Combat System

This paper proposes a 3-screen multi-function console development method using ergonomic design approach. Ergonomically designed console has the advantage of decreasing operator fatigue and increasing concentration by providing better readability, operability and convenience. For this, thirty subjects participated in the experiment for 3-screen multi-function console design. Ergonomic standards of console design were used to establish experiment design and to eliminate incompatible results with ergonomic standards. Subjects evaluated the nine predefined placements of displays and asked to place the display and controllers in order to use comfortably. As a results, total 18 design criteria including displays and controllers placement were determined. Keywords: Naval Combat System(í•¨ì • ì „íˆ¬ì²´ê³„), 3-Screen Multi-Function Console(3화면 다기능콘솔), Ergonomic Analysis(인간공학 분석)

An Application of Dirichlet Mixture Model for Failure Time Density Estimation to Components of Naval Combat System

An Application of Dirichlet Mixture Model for Failure Time Density Estimation to Components of Naval Combat System

Research on Uncertainty of Target Position Estimation in Combat Simulation

Target position estimation is valuable for sensor detection and weapon attack. However, there is position uncertainty due to sensor detection accuracy and environmental noise. In this paper, the uncertainty region is graphically represented by area of uncertainty (AOU), and the error ellipses represent the error dispersal of 2D target s position. Calculate AOU using Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm and Dead Reckon (DR) algorithm. EKF covariance matrix is used for calculating AOU while estimating target position; The dead reckon algorithm realizes the update of AOU by calculating the time difference based on the last time’s AOU. Finally, it was implemented and operated in a naval combat system, which verifies the effectiveness of the algorithms.

Development of Leader Selection Algorithm to Support Fault Tolerance of Integrated Management Systems in the Naval Combat System

Development of Leader Selection Algorithm to Support Fault Tolerance of Integrated Management Systems in the Naval Combat System

Design and Implementation of a Real-time Monitoring Tool for Data Distribution Service

In this paper, we propose a monitoring tool for the detection of middleware errors in smart data distribution service (DDS) for a naval combat system. Naval combat systems are based on smart DDS and include various equipment and applications, such as monitoring tools, search radar, and communication equipment. Because of this configuration, if there is a communications problem in a wartime situation, no equipment can respond quickly to the battle. In this paper, we analyze the problems in middleware by utilizing Smart DDS`s Data-Centric Publish-Subscribe (DCPS) and Real-Time Publish-Subscribe (RTPS) layers to expedite communication problems. Existing Smart DDS application tools exist but are not suitable for urgent wartime situation because there is an unnecessary discovery process for debugging. The proposed tool utilizes the discovery process of the DDS and the interface of the DCPS. Because of the simulation, the proposed monitoring tool can reduce the time required for problem detection and provide data for error resolution as compared with existing debugging tools, thereby improving the recovery performance of the naval combat system.

생성적 적대 신경망을 이용한 함정전투체계 획득 영상의 초고해상도 영상 복원 연구

본 논문에서는 함정전투체계의 EOTS나 IRST에서 획득한 영상을 초고해상도 영상으로 복원한다. 저해상도에서 초고해상도의 영상을 생성하는 생성 모델과 이를 판별하는 판별 모델로 구성된 생성적 적대 신경망을 이용하고, 다양한 학습 파라미터의 변화를 통한 최적의 값을 제안한다. 실험에 사용되는 학습 파라미터는 crop size와 sub-pixel layer depth, 학습 이미지 종류로 구성되며, 평가는 일반적인 영상 품질 평가 지표에 추가적으로 특징점 추출 알고리즘을 함께 사용하였다. 그 결과, Crop size가 클수록, Sub-pixel layer depth가 깊을수록, 고해상도의 학습이미지를 사용할수록 더 좋은 품질의 영상을 생성한다.

Design and Implementation of Adaptive Naval Gun Fire Simulator on a Naval Combat System

Design and Implementation of Adaptive Naval Gun Fire Simulator on a Naval Combat System

Design and Implementation of Training Management Software for General Simulation Training System

The common simulation training system realizes the common design of hardware and software, and also increases the difficulty of group training management. In order to solve the problem of flexible group training of multiple training modes for general simulation training system of a certain type of naval combat system, this paper puts forward a formal description method of group training resources and group training programs based on an in-depth analysis of training management requirements. Design and implementation of a general simulation training system training management software.

야전 치명고장자료를 이용한 함정전투체계 신뢰성 분석 및 활용 방안

Naval combat system developed in-country is progressing at an alarming rate since 2000. ROK navy will be achieved all vessels that have combat system...

함정 전투체계 군사영상 특성에 기반한 하이브리드 정보은닉 기법

There are many kinds of military images used in naval combat system because various sensors are operated. The military images are displayed, analysed and stored with analysed informations according to the tactical purpose on combat system. These images are used to target detection, analysis and classification. Thus the analysed information and images must be secured, the information hiding methods are the most eligible solutions to get secured informations and images. In this paper, the hybrid information hiding method based on the characteristics of the military images is proposed and the effectiveness is shown by experiments.

함정 전투 시스템 개발 툴을 위한 분산 실시간 메시지 관리 기법 설계 및 구현

함정 전투 시스템 개발 툴을 위한 분산 실시간 메시지 관리 기법 설계 및 구현

차세대 함정 전투체계 아키텍처 구축방안에 관한 연구

A naval combat system is the system of systems who supports naval indigenous operations by integrating and inter-operating many different kind of weapons, which has characteristics of large scale complex computing system. ROK Navy has been built a blue ocean navy, so that large scale warships are under constructions. However, warship combat system architecture has not been well studied so far in Korea. The paper focuses on current combat system architecture and propose the next generation combat system architecture, which will give the development direction of ROK Navy. In order to complete combat system architecture studies, the system engineering process shall be applied to the study. Moreover, ARENA simulation tool is used for verification of combat system architecture. The system engineering process is as follows: next-generation naval combat system requirement analysis, functional architecture analysis and physical architecture analysis.

A method for track fusing using data association in naval combat system

In today battlefield multi-sensors installed on naval ship are acquiring too much information. Information is used through naval combat system to improve reaction capability to threat more quickly and precise. For acting to threat, we have to make a decision whether same ones what each target from multi sensor and execute track fusion according to result of judgment. So in this paper, we propose the track fusion method using track’s varied information. We predicted and estimated the target state based on dynamic information using data association filter so made valid measurement area what is assumed that track exists. This algorithm can set up the criterion what is adaptive current status of track. Second we selected track among existing tracks in valid area by attributing weighting. The weight considers track’s information like identification, category and so on. We would like to execute more precisely track fusion through this fusion algorithm.

Enhanced network recovery scheme on real-time switched ethernet for naval combat system

This paper proposes an enhanced network recovery ENR scheme based on switched ethernet to handle network failures in the naval combat system. In this study, network failure recovery is explained through message scheduling on switched ethernet, which is based on previous works on flexible time trigger FTT ethernet. The proposed ENR method expands the previous works by including a revised spanning tree construction scheme and efficient failure detection scheme on real-time switched ethernet for system robustness. To show the advantages of the ENR scheme, the performance of the proposed method is compared with the performance of the existing protocol called time-triggered ethernet TTEthernet. The simulation results show that the proposed ENR scheme outperforms the TTEthernet in terms of the end to end delay and message delivery probability.

Rule-based peer-to-peer framework for decentralised real-time service oriented architectures

Modularity has been a key issue in the design and development of modern embedded Real-Time Software Systems (RTS) where modularity enables flexibility with respect to changes in platform, environment, and requirements, as well as reuse. In distributed RTS, similar ideas have led to the adoption of Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components integrated via Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) principles and technologies that are already well-established in business-oriented information systems. However, current SOA technologies for orchestration, such as Enterprise Service Busses, do not meet strict time-dependent constraints on scalability and latency required by RTS.We present a novel approach to RTS development where the orchestration of real-time processes is decentralised among the services within a fully distributed rule-driven process framework. Our framework wraps around COTS components implementing individual processing steps in a decentralised real-time process. Our execution model incorporates real-time constraints and is configurable through message routing policies distributed as a knowledge base containing rule sets, and therefore dispenses with the need for a central orchestration component which could easily become a bottleneck. Deterministic behaviour can be achieved through the validation of the rule-sets and the use of Modular Performance Analysis (MPA).We analyse the performance of our architecture using the Real-Time Calculus and show by empirical evaluation that our method scales to a typical real-time process application found in a tactical naval combat system context.

함정 전투체계 함상시험을 위한 지원장비 설계 및 검증 연구

The Shipyard Test of Naval Combat System depends on external factors, such as weather conditions and availability of its sensor-weapon, due to the need of on-board sensor-weapon during the test. This paper suggests the Supportive Equipment using virtual simulator for Shipward Test, in case of the unavailability of the on-board sensor-weapon or the test support force(aircraft, surface ship etc.), to pre-check the functions of the combat system as well as to prepare the Shipyard Test. To mock the real sensor-weapon functions as similar as possible, the Supportive Equipment for Shipyard Test was verified by the Verification and Validation process, which is usually performed while developing models in the Modeling & Simulation field.

다중 센서 및 다중 전술데이터링크 환경 하에서의 표적정보 처리 기법

This paper is concerned with a track management method for a naval combat system which receives the tracks information from multi-sensors and multi-tactical datalinks. Since the track management of processing the track information from diverse sources can be formulated as a data fusion problem, this paper will deal with the data fusion architecture, track association and track information determination algorithm for the track management of naval combat systems.

데이터흐름도(DFD)의 SysML 다이어그램으로의 변환에 관한 연구

과학기술의 발전으로 인해서 현대의 시스템은 과거에 비해 대형화되고 복잡화되었다. 복잡한 시스템 개발에서 복잡도를 줄이기 위한 방법으로 모델기반 시스템엔지니어링(MBSE)이 다양한 분야에서 적용되고 있다. 하지만 다양한 언어를 통하여 모델링이 이루어지고 있으므로, 개발 프로세스에 따른 산출물의 일관성 및 이해관계자간의 의사소통에 문제가 발생하고 각 MBSE 도구의 지원 다이어그램의 차이에 따라 산출물의 표현이 제한되기 때문에 그 효과성이 부족하다. 본 논문에서는 전통적 다이어그램의 하나인 데이터흐름도(DFD)를 SysML의 다이어그램으로 변환하는 법칙을 연구함으로써 이미 구축된 모델들을 재사용하여 SysML로 구축될 수 있도록 한다. 특히, 각 다이어그램의 메타모델(Meta Model)을 분석하고, 이분그래프를 통해 각 구성요소의 연결 관계를 확인하여 변환의 근거를 마련하고 무결성을 확인하며 보다 효과적인 변환 법칙을 제시하고 있다. 또한 위 내용을 함정전투체계설계에 적용해 봄으로써 그 효과성을 확인한다. 본 연구의 결과를 기반으로 향후 추가연구를 수행하면, 이미 구축된 시스템 개발과정에서 산출된 모델들을 SysML 을 이용하여 일관성 있게 표현할 수 있을 것 이다. 그리하여 산출물의 일관성을 높이고 이해관계자간의 의사소통을 원활하게 함으로써, SysML을 이용한 효과적인 모델기반시스템엔지니어링(MBSE)에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. Due to science and technology evolutions, modern systems are becoming larger and more complex. In developing complex systems, Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), which is approach to reduce complexity, is being introduced and applied to various system domains. However, because of the modeling being made through a variety of languages, there is a problem with communication within the stakeholders and a lack of consistency in the models. In this paper, by investigating the rule explaining the transformation of one of the only traditional diagrams, DFD, to SysML and reusing the formerly built models, we attempt to implement by SysML. Analyzing each diagram's Metamodel and validating the connection of each component through bipartite graph especially suggest an effective transformation rule. Also, by applying to naval-combat system, we confirm efficiency of this study. Establishing the results of this study as basis for conducting further study, we will be able to transform other previous models gained from formerly built system to SysML. In this way, the stakeholder's communication can be improved and we anticipate that the application of SysML will be beneficial to the much efficient MBSE.