Nature Reserve Fund Of Ukraine Research Articles

MANAGEMENT OF THE NATURE RESERVE FUND OF UKRAINE TERRITORIES WITHOUT SPECIAL ADMINISTRATION (LANDSCAPE RESERVE (“ZAKASNYK”) OF NATIONAL IMPORTANCE “KOZINSKYI” CASE STUDY)

The article is devoted to the implementation of the management of the Nature reserve fund of Ukraine (NRF) territories without a special administration. Management of such territories involves non-state management of it through the landowner or land user. This approach is new for the NRF, although it is сommon in the global nature conservation practice, in particular, it is one of the key approaches of the Natura 2000 network and the Emerald network. The actual area of ​​protected areas without special administration is almost 29% of the area of ​​the NRF, so the issue of their reasonable management is one of the key issues for the entire protected network. The approach to the management of such territories is outlined in the article by landscape reserve (“zakasnyk”) of national importance “Kozinskyi” case study. In particular, areas of priority activities have been allocated, which is essentially similar to zoning in national natural parks, but implemented within the limits of the national legislation provided specifically for “zakaznyk” (national protected area category which is equal to IUCN protected area categories IV or V). Three types of areas have been identified; (1) nature protection; (2) ecological; (3) educational and recreational. The second important feature of the approach presented in the article is the planning and implementation of protected area management measures through the public organization (“Green Wave”), which essentially plays the role of a land user. Practical management measures were outlined in the “Program of Development and Recreational Activities of the Landscape Reserve of National Importance “Kozynskyi” with a Plan for Arrangement of the Reserve Site at the Location of the Golf Course.”

Biota of the F.E. Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve «Askania Nova» of NAAS

The article provides a general overview of the biota of the «Askania Nova» Biosphere Reserve named after F.E. Falz-Fein of NAAS based on existing reports and updating of some inventory data. The information on the area, functional zoning and physical and geographical location of the territory is presented. The original, historically defined infrastructure of the Askania Reserve Complex is noted, which significantly differs from the objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine due to the combination of natural ecosystems of virgin fescue-fescue steppe with plantations of the irrigated dendrological park and the zoo with semi-free keeping of wild ungulates. It is emphasized that such a combination of nature protection functions and heterogeneity of the natural-territorial complex determine a high level of biodiversity, including its rare component. Thus, the indicated heterogeneity of the Reserve's territory, as well as the succession of natural ecosystems, invasions and related consequences of introduction require periodic re-inventories, critical audits, coordination and systematization of general floristic and faunal summaries of the territory, individual species lists in the context of functional zones, and clarification of the sozological status of species. Existing materials on the biota diversity and the list of rare species of flora and fauna of the «Askania Nova» Biosphere Reserve have been consolidated into a single, comprehensive list, which illustrates the full species composition of natural and artificial ecosystems of different functional zones, proves the factual richness of the current version of the general biota summary, provides the necessary cadastral information and methodological basis for assessing the environmental damage caused by the armed aggression and occupation of the territory. Currently, the biodiversity of the «Askania Nova» Biosphere Reserve, including the dendrological park of national importance and the zoo, comprises 2570 species of phytobiota (vascular plants — 1762, bryophytes — 54, algae — 285, fungi — 330, lichens and lichenicolous fungi — 139) and 2292 species of zoobiota (invertebrates — 1945, vertebrates — 347). The biota includes 167 species of flora and 307 species of fauna with national, regional, and international protection status.

GEOTURISTIC POTENTIAL OF GEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS OF THE DNIPROPETROVS`K REGION

Geotourism as a modern trend in the tourism industry is gaining more and more popularity worldwide. It is the development of knowledge about the geological history of our planet, the course of processes of the formation of various rocks and minerals.
 The territory of Dnipropetrovs’k region is rich in unique, rare objects of the geological environment, including and world importance. These objects have been preserved on the earth's surface in the form of rock outcrops, which most clearly characterize the geological structure and history of the development of our planet, and are of great scientific and educational importance.
 The most unique objects of the natural heritage of Dnipropetrovs’k region, worthy of international attention, are geological monuments. Today, about 38 geological monuments of nature can be classified as geological monuments within the Dnipropetrovs’k region, among which 13 are included in the nature reserve fund of Ukraine and approved by the relevant decisions of state institutions.
 In order to determine the geotourism potential of the regions of the region, a comprehensive, point-based, monitoring assessment of geological monuments was carried out according to the following indicators: informational uniqueness, physical condition, state of improvement, transport accessibility, demand, seasonality of visits, ecological condition, recreational attractiveness, safety of inspection, density of accommodation, nature conservation status. The total number of points demonstrates the tourist attractiveness of the object.
 According to the specified criteria, the number of points for evaluating the tourist attractiveness of geological monuments varies from 15 to 28 points. Geological monuments assigned to the nature reserve fund received the highest points.
 The assessment of the spatial differentiation of indicators of tourist attractiveness of the geological monuments of the region was performed using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation method in the QGIS program. As a result, a map of the geotourism potential of the regions of the Dnipropetrovs’k region was built. Four types of zones are distinguished: with high (western part of the region, most of Kryvyi Rih region), medium (southern part of the region), low geotourism potential (the central part and a separate zone in the south of the region), and the territory where there are no geological monuments (north and east region).
 The analysis of the map makes it possible to come to the conclusion that, at present, geological monuments located in the Kryvyi Rih district are of interest for the formation of geotours. Other geological objects of Dnipropetrovs’k region should be considered as a supplement to tours of another direction, for example, based on a combination of natural, archaeological and cultural objects. This is facilitated by the fact that the majority of geological monuments are territorially connected with historical and cultural monuments, recreational locations, religious routes.
 In order to popularize geotourism sites in the region, an interactive map "Geological sights of the Dnipropetrovs’k region, classified as a nature reserve" was created on the Google Maps platform.
 An excursion route "Geological monuments of Kryvorizhye" has also been created. The excursion consists of 9 objects that reveal the entire range of the geological history of Kryvorizhye and covers the age range from the Paleoarchean to the Neoproterozoic, which is about 2 billion years, imprinted in numerous outcrops along the banks of the Ingulets and Saksagan rivers and the slopes of the streams. The tour is designed as a GPS mobile multimedia guide on the Izi.travel platform.
 Keywords: geological reminder, geotourism potential, geological tourism, Dnipropetrovsk region.

RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR: ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT

According to the results of the study of the nature protection aspect of the russian-Ukrainian war, it was established that since 2014, the russian federation illegally captured and destroyed about 500 objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, with a total area of over 1.2 million hectares. Came under occupation 3 Biosphere Reserves, 14 Nature Reserves, 19 National Natural Parks, dozens Regional Landscape Parks, hundreds Reserves, Sights Nature, Reserve Tracts, Botanical gardens, Dendrological parks, Zoological parks and Parks-sights of garden and park art. Famous protected objects suffered from russian military aggression: Biosphere Reserve «Askania-Nova», Chornomorskyi Biosphere Reserve, National Natural Parks «Slobozhanskyi», «Gomilshan Lisy», «Svyati Hory», «Meotida», «Oleshkivsʹki Pisky», Nature Reserve «Khomutovsky Step». Practically all types of biodiversity in the protected areas have been destroyed, unique landscapes are disturbed, the scientific achievements of specialists of nature-reserved objects were liquidated or exported. Cases of mining of protected areas have been recorded, uncontrolled deforestation, destruction of rare species of flora and fauna, etc.
 At the first stage of military aggression, in 2014, russia illegally occupied 100% of the natural reserve fund of the Crimean peninsula, 25.2% of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk region and 23.8% of the nature reserve fund of Luhansk region. In the second stage of aggression and full-scale war against Ukraine, from February 24, 2022, the russian federation completely seized all territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, as well as a significant part of valuable nature conservation of Kyiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, and Kherson regions. As of September 1, 2022, a large part of the territory of Ukraine, including nature conservation areas, is freed from occupation. But it is still quite difficult to assess the damage caused to the national nature reserve fund. Therefore, the prospect of further scientific-practical research remains the assessment of damage caused to protected objects and territories in the east and south of Ukraine.
 Key words: war, russian aggression, national natural parks, nature reserves, biosphere reserves, flora, fauna.

The Main Prerequisites for Sectoral Financial and Credit Cooperation Between Territorial Communities, Objects of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine, and Environmental-Oriented Entrepreneurs: Theoretical Aspects

In the context of the decentralisation reform, the objects of the nature reserve fund have an outstanding potential for the economic and environmental development of territorial communities and promotion of the region on the national market. The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological provisions regarding the development of mechanisms for cooperation between territories and objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, territorial communities and financial institutions, the development of stable intersectoral relations and the emergence of new vectors of economic activity that would meet the modern needs of society. The method of quantitative literature review (meta-analysis) was used during the investigation of the practice of financial and credit cooperation between territorial communities, state authorities and administrations of protected areas. Using the systematisation, destructive factors were identified and the main conflicts of regulatory, economic and organisational nature were identified, which can weaken and slow down the latest transformations in the post-military economic space of Ukraine, especially in terms of financial and credit cooperation with banking and other financial institutions. Using the comparison, the main vectors of cooperation between eco-oriented representatives of the private sector of the economy and financial institutions, which are typical for EU countries, and the possibilities of their implementation in the national economic system were identified. The study suggests using commercial lending tools to develop the economic potential of protected areas and innovative forms of business management. Lending is considered as an industry-specific institution of financial support for environmental-oriented entrepreneurs who carry out their economic activities in protected or adjacent territories. As a result of the conducted research, the essence and role of financial institutions, in particular credit unions, in the system of balanced economic and ecological development of protected areas and environmentally oriented economic activities are determined. Mechanisms for the establishment of protected areas as subjects of market relations that have investment attractiveness for various sectors of the national economy are proposed. It is proved that the economic and environmental development of protected areas requires constant extra-budgetary investment flows, through cooperation not only with environmental-oriented entrepreneurs but also with financial institutions. The establishment of a system of cooperation between institutions of the nature reserve fund, banking and other financial organisations, representatives of business groups, state authorities and territorial communities would ensure the development of a favourable investment environment for eco-business, the comprehensive development of the ecosystem “man-nature-business” and the emergence of new vectors of economic and environmental inclusion in the regions, the establishment of nature reserves and other protected areas as socio-economic and cultural hubs

Landscape Principles of Optimization of Functional Zoning of «Hutsulshchyna» National Nature Park


 
 
 The main purpose of the study is to optimize the functional zoning of the «Hut- sulshchyna» National Nature Park on the basis of a landscape approach. To begin with, a map-scheme of modern functional zoning in the ArcGIS 10.0 software environment was digitized, and analysis and mathematical calculations were performed. On the basis of a pre-concluded landscape map at the level of simple tracts in the scale of 1:25 000, on the key area Brusnyi, according to the method of field landscaping of H.P. Miller’s mountain areas, we have optimized in detail the functional zoning of the park in a key area. Some changes have been made regarding zoning in other areas of the National Park, only less detailed, as the compilation of a landscape map of the local level for the entire territory of NEC «Hutsulshchyna», which is a very long and complex process. In addition to the landscape approach, according to which the boundaries of functional zones must coincide with the boundaries of natural territorial complexes of a certain rank, we tried to take into account the Law of Ukraine «On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine» and «Nature Chronicle Program for National Parks of Ukraine». Ideally, the protected area should be in the middle, surrounded wth a zone of regulated recreation, and only then the economic zone. The protected area should not border the economic one. According to the IUCN, the protected area and the regulated recreation zone must occupy at least 75% of protected area, but often in practice these requirements are difficult or even impossible, as each protected area has its own geographical features. Since the park is located in a hilly area, the economic zone should not be allocated on the ridges and upper parts of the slopes, because the effects of anthropogenic impact in the economic zone will be more or less manifested in the protected area, which is at the lower hypsometric level. Analyzing the functional zoning in the key area of Brusnyi, it was found out that in addition to the geographical location of the zones, the areas of the functional zones have also changed significantly. Thus, the protected area was 15.1%, and became 25.1%, regulated recreation – 34.2%-41.9%, stationary recreation area – 0.01%-0%, economic zone – 51.1%-33%. The advantage of the proposed zoning is the complexity, which makes it possible to protect fully and completely and use rationally the natural territorial complexes of the Pokut Carpathians. After all, natural complexes are a system, and it is known that in the system, when one component is destroyed, the whole system is destroyed. For the first time, on the basis of a landscape map at a scale of 1:25 000 at the level of simple tracts, proposals were submitted that will improve the existing functional zoning of the territory of NEC «Hutsulshchyna». The results of research can be used by the adminis- tration of NEC «Hutsulshchyna» in the development of re-functional zoning during the creation of a new project organization of NEC «Hutsulshchyna», the Department of Nature Protection, Research, and the Department of Recreation and Landscaping.
 
 

NATURE RESERVE FUND OF UKRAINE AS MULTITASK AREA FOR THE POST-WAR REHABILITATION THERAPY

The economic and environmental development in the field of nature management in Ukraine requires the formation of new regulatory mechanisms that will take into account their economic and material nature. This is particularly true in the aftermath of disasters such as war. The areas protected through the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine are not only regional nature protection centers, which ensure the ecological well-being and health of the population, but such territories should also be developed in symbiosis with the economic and ecological needs of local communities and regions in the postwar period. They could help overcome the traumas and losses of the war. At the same time, protected natural areas that have been adversely affected by the war must be restored. The aim of the article is represented vouching, as public private partnership, which can attribute economic privileges to the results of innovation activities. Our research is devoted to the problems of the formation and use the vouching tool in the field of conservation work, advantages and disadvantages of implementing the mechanism of vouching contracts are considered both for the Nature Reserve Fund’s institutions, and for representatives of the private sector of the economics. The military the Russian invasion in Ukraine have led to numerous transformations in the social, economic, political, ecological and regulatory field. The deviant behavior as a social phenomenon can negatively affect not only the individual, but also others, and even the economic well-being of the region.
 For Ukraine Russian invasion means destruction of existing markets, business collaborations and the formation of new vectors of military and civilian activities.
 The research purpose is to determine and institutionalize the main cost-effective forms of economic activity in protected areas, and the formation of cooperation's vectors of nature reserve fund with territorial communities and regional business groups. For example, franchising agreements are determined, not only as forms of contractual cooperation, but also as innovative start-up concept in the field of reserve fund, the possibility of carrying out economic activity under a state brand (logo, trademark), obtaining additional guaranties for the development of businesses and the formation of constant investment flows to protected areas. Thanks to franchising agreements, I propose the formation of double investment flow to protected areas: passive – for the use of the brand (logo) of the protected area itself, active - dividends for the actual production or services provided by the subject of business activity.

Unique anthropogenic aquatic landscapes of Podillia as prospective protected objects

The Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine” defines the legal basis for the organization, protection, effective use and reproduction of natural complexes and objects that can be included in those that have a special nature protection, scientific, aesthetic, recreational and other value. They are selected for the purpose of preserving the natural diversity of landscapes, the gene pool of animal and plant life. These include a number of original hydrological objects of Podillia, especially anthropogenic water landscapes, which in the structure of modern anthropogenic landscapes occupy only 1.7%. For a long time, man influenced the nature of river valleys and their channels, which led to their transformation into anthropogenic ones (original and unique aquatic anthropogenic landscape complexes that require further research, protection and bequest). Aquatic anthropogenic protected objects were formed as a result of human economic activity and have a special scientific and aesthetic value and require immediate protection and preservation (milling complexes, reservoirs of garden and park ensembles, pits, waterfalls, and others). In the future, the problem of degradation of the water landscapes of the Podillia river basins due to the aridization of the climate and anthropogenic influence may become quite acute. Therefore, the creation of protected water bodies is currently an important issue. The issue of nature protection of the river valleys of Podillia (especially the Southern Bug and Dniester rivers) has always been quite acute. So, now there are 135 protected objects with an area of 14,908.09 hectares in the basin of the South Bug River within Podillia. Currently, natural water landscape complexes do not have a significant distribution, therefore the main perspective of the formation of the natural reserve fund of the region belongs to anthropogenic ones. Today, such opportunities exist in river basins (beds, floodplains, floodplain terraces, watersheds), as well as in places of mineral extraction (abandoned granite, limestone, clay and sand quarries).

Використання супутникових продуктів для аналізу змін територій природно-заповідного фонду України

Дана робота присвячена дослідженню тимчасових змін типів земногопокриву в межах природно-заповідного фонду України. Перш за все, цеаналіз зміни лісового покриву (вирубка чи лісовідновлення) за відкритимиданими Global Forest Change 2000–2020 з просторовою роздільноюздатністю 30 м з визначенням найбільш проблемних типів заповідників, девідбувалась вирубка лісів у 2000–2020 рр. Іншим аспектом дослідженняє моніторинг використання земель природно-заповідного фонду длясільського господарства, зміни площ сільськогосподарських полів у часі таїх порівняння. Це дослідження проведено на основі власних карт земногопокриву з просторовою роздільною здатністю 10 м за 2016–2020 рр., а такожу порівнянні з відкритим набором даних World Cover Map для Україниза 2020 р. Для створення власних карт земного покриву для всієї Українивикористані оптичні супутникові (Sentinel–2) та радарні дані (Sentinel–1).У роботі описана технологія побудови карт класифікації земного покривудля великих територій на основі супутникових даних. Розглянуто основніетапи попередньої обробки супутникових даних, методологія злиттяданих різної та однорідної природи за різні часові дати. За допомогоюнаборів геопросторових продуктів досліджено динаміку змін площі лісу тапосівних угідь за різними видами природно-заповідного фонду України за2000–2020 рр. Найбільшу частку ліси займають в заповідних урочищах,парках-пам’ятках садово-паркового мистецтва та дендрологічних парках(більше 73 % лісів), з яких найбільші зміни відбулися в заповідних урочищах на 1,81 % площ (1,7 тис. га) та дендрологічних парках — на 1,02 %площ (17 га). Дослідження та результати показали, що в цілому на національному рівні зміни з часом не суттєві (до 3 % для лісів і до 2 % длясільськогосподарських площ), однак вони мають велике значення,оскільки природні ресурси обмежені, а якість життя людства залежитьнасамперед від природи, екології та якості навколишнього середовища.

CONCEPTUAL MODELING OF GIS OF THE PRIMARY ACCOUNTING OF THE CADASTRE OF THE NATURE RESERVE FUND (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE NIZHNYOS NATIONAL NATURE PARK)

The article presents the results of conceptual modeling of the database of thematicgeospatial data for the primary accounting of cadastral information. Lands of the nature reserve fundhave a special nature conservation value. According to the results of accounting, survey andinventory of natural complexes, assessment of the state of nature reserve facilities form "Cards ofprimary accounting of territories and objects of nature reserve fund of Ukraine". Other documentsof the cadastre of territories and objects of the nature reserve fund are created by generalizing thedata of these cards. Nizhnosulsky National Nature Park was created to preserve valuable natural andhistorical-cultural complexes and objects of the Middle Dnieper. It covers an area of 18,635.11hectares. The rare fraction of the park's flora includes 13 species of vascular plants, including 10species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine. The Green Book of Ukraine includes 9 formations foundin the park. In the park, taking into account the value of natural complexes and objects, there arefour functional zones: protected area; regulated recreation; inpatient recreation; economic. Basedon the results of the analysis of the resources of the Nizhnosulsky National Nature Park and thecadastre of the nature reserve fund as an object of informatization, a conceptual scheme of thethematic geospatial database was compiled. The set of basic spatial data of such a system is proposedto include information on coordinate and altitude systems, administrative-territorial units, territorialcommunities, hydrographic objects and hydraulic structures, settlements, buildings and structures,roads, railways, utilities, soils, land plots, geographical names, relief, orthophotos. The set ofthematic data should include information on NPF objects, their functional zoning, land plots and lands, owners and users of land plots, economic activities, landscapes, rare types of environments,conservation objects, recreational value, as well as rare species of plants and animals. According tothe research results, a UML-diagram of the conceptual model of the thematic geospatial database ofGIS of the primary accounting of the cadastre of the nature reserve fund was created.

ФАКТОРИНГ У СФЕРІ ПРИРОДНО-ЗАПОВІДНОГО ФОНДУ УКРАЇНИ, ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ РОЗВИТКУ СОЦІАЛЬНО ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОГО БІЗНЕСУ

Market changes in all fields of economy of Ukraine demand the creation of new institutions and mechanisms of cooperation between branches, including the sphere of environmental reserve affair requires transformations, which will be directed into the development not only environmentally protected, but also its ecological and economic components. The aim of the article is represented financial cooperation, as partnership, which can attribute economic privileges to the results of innovation activities. Business entities, operating in the format of reserved business, should form a separate segment of entrepreneurship, which requires a special form of cooperation with financial institutions in the face of banks and credit unions. Attracting of the investment flows in the industry of reserve affair is one of the most actual issues nowadays, as there are facilities of nature reserve fund of Ukraine have considerable economic and environmental potential for the development of innovative forms of conducting economic activity. Reserve areas cannot be considered only as a means of reserving and conservation of environmental resources, as thank to use of ecological oriented methods of management in the territories of the facilities of reserve fund, economic activity can be provided, that will contribute economic and ecological development of the region, formation of investing flows of the constant character, supporting the balance between bodies of state authority, local communities and representatives of private sector of economics. In the work the use of environmental factoring for the development of economic potential of protected areas is proposed. Reserve lending is considered, as a sectoral institution of crediting subjects of business activity, which carry out their economic activity in the protected areas or adjacent with them territories.

Use of structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton to assess the water quality of the objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine (on the example of Didove Lake)

Use of structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton to assess the water quality of the objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine (on the example of Didove Lake)

THE WAR CONSEQUENCES ON NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: ANALYSES AND METHODOLOGIES

THE WAR CONSEQUENCES ON NATURAL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: ANALYSES AND METHODOLOGIES

Main aspects of protection, reproduction and recreational use of natural complexes on the territory of Gomilshan National Natural Park

According to the Law of Ukraine “On the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine”, national nature parks are territories of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, nature protection, recreational, cultural, educational, research institutions of national importance created to preserve, reproduce and effectively use natural complexes and objects that have a special environmental, health, historical and cultural, scientific, educational and aesthetic value. The drawback of the internal structure, the lack of rational architectural and planning organization as well as measures for the arrangement of NNP have led not only to the deterioration of their condition, but in some cases to the loss of unique natural landscapes. One of the most important principles of effective use of nature reserves is functional zoning. The main task to be solved in the functional zoning of the territory is to study the features of spatial distribution of natural complexes and anthropogenic load. In the course of the research, the authors of the article proposed a promising scheme of functional zoning of NPP “Gomilshan Forests”. The priority and determining value in the functional zoning is the protected area. The most effective method of functional zoning is to develop a layout of zones with concentric circles, where the central circle is a protected area. When planning the functional zoning of the NNP territory and establishing the boundaries of functional zones, the priority criterion was preservation of phytocoenotic diversity of vegetation and especially the presence and distribution of typical and rare plant groups, listed in the Green Book of Ukraine. Analysis of the syntaxonomic composition of the vegetation in the NNP has showed that there are rare phytocenoses in the vegetation of this area included in the Green Book of Ukraine. Functional zoning of NPP “Gomilshan Forests” is an important prerequisite for its further development, conservation of biodiversity and rational use of nature. Given the current state of forests and the nature and level of recreational use of NNP ecosystems, the zoning of its territory should be aimed at management optimization, and in the future, the leading direction will gradually become recreational. The advantage of the proposed scheme is the significant differences in the area ratio of the functional zones in accordance with international requirements, and their boundaries are consistent with the boundaries of the PTC, which makes it possible to protect them holistically and use them rationally.

ECO- ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS' INSURANCE AS SUPPORT AND INVESTMENT TOOL FOR ECO-ENTREPRENEURS IN NATURE RESERVE FUND

Topicality. Market changes in all fields of economy of Ukraine demand the creation of new cooperation's institutions and mechanisms between branches, including the sphere of environmental reserve affair requires transformations, which will be directed into the development not only environmentally protected, but also its ecological and economic components. Nowadays, the eco-ecological's development is insufficient and requires the introduction of investment approach to the economic relations between Nature Reserve's administrations, private sector and local communities. Insurance of eco- environmental risks will stabilize market relations in of Nature Reserve's field, reduce the business risks. Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is representedeco- environmental insurance, as partnership, which can attribute economic privileges to the results of innovation activities. Our research focuses on the use of insuring eco-environmental risks'instruments, analysis of their advantages and disadvantages, both for nature reserves and for the private sector. Research results. The eco- environmental insurance, as financial and regalation institutions, can become tool for formation investment flows in the nature reserve fund industry. The instruments of eco-environmental risk's insurance will combine not only guarantees of business initiatives in theNature Reserve Fund, but also many financial and organizational benefits not only for businesses, but also for local communities, as well as for authorities and environmental institutions. Conclusion. Currently, the cooperation'smechanisms between the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine, private sector, authorities and local communities should be comprehensive, combining compliance with environmental objectives and the environmentally friendly economic activities. The eco-environmental risk's insurance tools can also become a form environmentally oriented business activities, a development vector of cooperation of naturally reserved fund institutions and representatives of the private sector, who want to carry out their activities taking into account environmental imperatives and produce truly ecologically pure products, but first of all corresponding contractual mechanism must be formalized into a legal structure and an independent object of normative-legal regulation.

Biotopes mapping in the aspect of local econetworks formation on the example of the “Kreidova Flora” Nature Reserve

The article presents the results of mapping the biotopes of the “Kreidova Flora” Nature Reserve, which is one of the key areas of the eco-network of the local level of the newly created Kramatorsk district. This district includes almost entirely “Sviati Hory” National Nature Park, an object of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine (NRF) with the highest amount of estimated points for a comprehensive assessment of sozological value, which belongs to a group of the first class. Two NRF objects (including the “Kreidova Flora” Nature Reserve) were from the group of the second class: one from the group of the third: nine from the group of the fifth class: and one from a group of the sixth class. The total number of points of the studied NRF objects of the newly created district is 465, which is a significant indicator. The key areas of the local level eco-network are the NRF with adjacent natural areas, which together form clusters. The ecological corridors of the local level are the river network of the district and the network of forest belts. As buffer zones for river-type eco-corridors, it is proposed to consider a minimum 200-meter water protection zone in accordance with Art. 87 of the Water Code of Ukraine. Restoration areas of the local econetwork of Kramatorsk district should be all areas with disturbed natural landscape (abandoned quarries, heaps), as well as abandoned agricultural lands, where it is proposed to introduce revalidation measures. The obtained maps and databases of distribution of different types of biotopes on the territory of the reserve will be the basis for its management plan, and this technique can be used within other structural elements of ecological networks. According to the same principle, it is considered necessary to conduct research in the entire study area, as well as other areas of Donetsk region.

Bacillariophyta of the Yavorivsky National Park, Broadleaf Forest Zone of Ukraine, including Сaloneis albus-columba, sp. nov.

Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) are one of the major biological components in all kinds of aquatic ecosystems both in freshwater and marine ones. The nature reserve fund of Ukraine includes 52 national parks, in the vast majority of which Bacillariophyta have not been studied. This investigation presents first data on the diatoms in Yavorivsky National Park located in Lviv region. The material consists of the epiphytic samples of microalgae that were collected from different substrates in aquatic ecosystems of the Yavorivsky National Park in 2014. In the hydrotopes of the park 180 diatom species from 56 genera were found, among them Achnanthidium catenatum (Bily & Marvan) Lange-Bertalot, Cymbopleura apiculata Krammer, Fallacia sublucidula (Hustedt) D. G. Mann in Round, Crawford & Mann, Gomphonema lagenula Kützing, G. supersedens Reichardt, G. pseudopusillum Reichardt, Paraplaconeis minor (Grunow) Lange-Bertalot, Placoneis constans (Hustedt) E. J. Cox, Psammothidium bioretii (Germain) Bukhtiyarova & Round, P. vernadskyi Bukhtiyarova et Stanislavskaya, Sellaphora gracillima Zidarova, Kopalová & Van de Vijver, S. insolita (Manguin) Hamilton et Antoniades, Stauroneis fluminopsis Van de Vijver et Lange-Bertalot were recorded for the first time in Ukraine. Besides that, Amphora hemicycla Stoermer & J. J. Yang and Sellaphora bacilloides (Hustedt) Levkov, Krstic & Nakov also were new findings in the country from the Broadleaf Forest Zone of Ukraine. Many species rare in the world flora and in Ukraine were found. A new diatom species Сaloneis albus-columba Bukhtiyarova, sp. nov., was described from the pond in stationary recreation area Kozulka. This new species possesses strongly three-undulate valves with three rhombic segments, which in morphology is most similar to Caloneis lamella Zakrzewski, however it differs from it by having rhombic distal valve segments instead of oval ones as well as noticeably smaller width of the central valve segment. The morphology of other similar species is discussed. For proper description of the new species new definitions for the raphe system morphology were grounded on functional morphology of the diatom frustule. New combinations Iconella alaskaensis (Foged) Bukhtiyarova, comb. et stat. nov., Iconella baltica (Schumann) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella brebissonii (Krammer & Lange-Bertalot) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella brightwellii (W. Smith) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov., Iconella constricta (Grunow) Bukhtiyarova, comb. et stat. nov., Iconella didyma (Kützing) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov. and Iconella elegans (Ehrenberg) Bukhtiyarova, comb. nov. were formally proposed. The lectotype for Eunotia glacialis F. Meister was designated here. Illustrations with light and scanning electron microscopy are presented. A primary inventory of Bacillariophyta and their subsequent study on protected territories in Ukraine is still an important task in the context of preservation of biodiversity of the country.

PARKS IN THE FIELD OF INCLUSIVE NATURE MANAGEMENT

Topicality. Today, the concept of inclusion is widely used in socio-economic aspects of people's lives, including in the organization of urban space. The implementation of the principles of inclusion in the field of nature management has great potential in the field of park management. At the moment it is known about the creation of the first inclusive park in Ukraine in the Dnieper. Its creation is based on the principles of affordable and safe recreation in the park for children with disabilities. Therefore, based on the role of parks as an element of public space, it is important to highlight the main opportunities and goals of their use in the field of inclusive nature management. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize the features of inclusive nature management in general purpose parks. Research results. The introduction of an inclusive approach in the field of nature management is based on solving the problems of accessibility to ecosystem services of all segments of the population. Due to the vulnerability and high level of destruction of artificial ecosystems, certain environmental regulations must be met in the field of park management. These requirements are created in accordance with the specifics of the park's ecosystems and their intended use. Some types of city parks, such as: arboretums, botanical gardens, zoos, parks-monuments of landscape art, in accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine", are classified as objects of protection. Thus, the quality of ecosystem services in these areas to some extent depends on the implementation of environmental requirements. Conclusion. The study outlines the essential differences between socio-economic and natural inclusion. The main goals of the park facilities within the framework of the implementation of the inclusive approach are outlined. The positive consequences of the expansion of recreation parks and moderate recreation in urban areas are highlighted.

Landscape representativeness of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine

Landscape representativeness of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine

Analysis of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine and Zhytomyr region

Analysis of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine and Zhytomyr region