Nature Of Professional Activity Research Articles

READINESS OF SCIENCE & MATH TEACHERS TO APPLY STEM TECHNOLOGIES IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES ACCORDING TO THE COGNITIVE CRITERION INDICATORS

The development of STEM education requires teachers to have knowledge in science and mathematics, comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge, and the ability to integrate various fields of science, technology, and engineering into the educational process. That calls for new approaches to building teachers' readiness that involve the development of cognitive abilities, including the ability to analyze and critically think creativity, and the ability to innovate. In the article, we present a brief theoretical analysis of scientific sources of domestic and foreign scholars, which allowed us to clarify the concept of "readiness of teachers of natural and mathematical disciplines to use STEM technologies in their professional activities." Considering the approaches to determining the readiness criteria, the criteria are formulated, among which we single out the cognitive criterion, which characterizes the totality of knowledge and ideas about the nature of professional activity, professional knowledge, skills, and abilities to implement STEM in the educational process. The indicators of the cognitive criterion are highlighted: 1) "awareness in the field of STEM," which reflects the level of knowledge of the future teacher about current trends in the development of STEM education and technologies used in STEM projects; 2) "comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge," which reflects knowledge of various disciplines of the natural and mathematical cycle, as well as an understanding of interdisciplinary connections within STEM and the ability of the future teacher to make connections. The methods of calculating indicators for determining the readiness levels of teachers of natural and mathematical disciplines to use STEM technologies in their professional activities are described. The results of the pedagogical experiment, which was processed according to the Student's criterion, are presented. It has been confirmed that the level of formation of the knowledge component of readiness according to the indicators of the cognitive criterion (awareness of STEM and the availability of comprehensive interdisciplinary knowledge) has positive dynamics in the experimental group.

Individual educational strategies for advanced training of higher school teachers

The Russian education system is constantly undergoing updates, natural in the process of continuous development of science, technology and society. In this regard, there is an obvious need for continuous professional education of university teachers, who then, in turn, develop innovative content and make changes in the learning process for students of all fields of study. An important goal of each educational organization is to maintain the proper level and continuous improvement of the quality of education. Therefore, the result of the teacher’s mastering a program of advanced training courses should be the improvement of professional competencies, which are just necessary to improve the quality of teaching. On the way to achieve this goal, a number of problems arise, the solution of which requires special attention from both the university management and each teacher. At the same time, the main aspect is the expedient competent construction of general educational strategies and individual trajectories of professional development for each teacher, depending on the nature of professional activity. The article presents an analysis and comparative characteristics of individual educational trajectories of advanced training of teachers of technical and pedagogical universities on the example of the Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics and the Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education.

Psychosocial characteristics of patients in a cosmetology clinic: results of a non-sample study

The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid development of medical cosmetology, which, unlike plastic surgery, has not been studied at all in psychological and sociological terms, although the effect of facial skin defects on the emotional state, social success, quality of life is beyond doubt, and their elimination significantly affects psychological well-being. patients. A practicing dermatologist-cosmetologist conducted a non-selective clinical and socio-psychological study of 188 patients (mean age 39.12+0.81 years) of a cosmetology clinic. The author’s structured interview and the medico-sociological scale «Level of social frustration» were used. According to 50 parameters, women with mild, moderate and significant severity of cosmetic problems were compared. Statistical methods of analysis were used (Pearson’s χ2 and ANOVA). An analysis of clinical data showed a relationship between the severity of a facial skin defect and its nature (symptoms), age, comorbid pathology, and treatment efficacy. Social positions (educational and labor status, nature of professional activity), significant spheres of personal relations (to oneself, to persons of the opposite sex, family relations, the presence and nature of mental trauma) were studied. Among the psychological and social characteristics, the characteristics of the family sphere, the reasons for visiting the clinic, and the patient›s subjective assessment of the impact of the cosmetic problem on the quality of life have a statistical relationship with the severity of the cosmetic problem and the age of the patients. The results are compared with the data of modern world literature. The limitations of the study associated with the use of non-standardized methods, which are relevant, however, to the tasks of a screening non-selective survey, are noted. The prospects for further studies of patients of the clinic for non-surgical correction of appearance using psychometric (standardized) methods are outlined.

BRIEF OVERVIEW OF MODERN UKRAINIAN PROSE

Modern Ukrainian literature is diverse and interesting both for the Ukrainian readers and for those who want to learn more about the development of Ukrainian society through the literature over the last century. Along with the digitization of human life in general, reading fiction remains today one of the ways to acquire knowledge, replenish vocabulary, study history, it’s a part of meditative practice, etc. Today, reading literary works by Ukrainian authors has the following features caused by age, the nature of professional activity, gender, etc.: –– according to age features of the person (the program of preschool educational institutions, high school, professional reading in high school); –– determined by the need of each individual to read (psychological characteristics, upbringing in the family, etc.); –– professional activities (literary critics, journalists, translators, scientists and others). Often all these stages of readability are either ways to read throughout life, or the cause of spontaneous reading, which is often the result of excessive information in the world (social networks, Internet channels, etc.). The works of Ukrainian literature have changed because the world and the authors of these works have changed as well. Socio-economic development of Ukrainian nation influenced the worldview of the authors and the quality of their works. That is why Ukrainian literature is rich in its authors: world-known Lina Kostenko, philosophical and political Oksana Zabuzhko, patriotic and historical Vasyl Shkliar, universal Andrii Kokotiukha, humane and psychological Volodymyr Lys and many others who create modern Ukrainian literature. Of course, in today's works one can find elements of zealous-apocalyptic, peasantbourgeois, but all of them stem from those social phenomena that are still present in the life of Ukrainians. Reading works with such content, some are fascinated by them, and others are annoyed by putting aside the book, but everyone has a choice today.

Prevalence of and prevention for work-related upper limb disorders among physical therapists: a systematic review

BackgroundPhysical therapists (PTs) are at increased risk for development of work-related upper limb disorders (WRULDs) due to the physically intensive, constant hands-on nature of the profession. The objectives of this systematic review were to examine the literature on WRULDs among PTs, specifically the (1) 1-year prevalence, (2) workplace risk factors, (3) consequences, and (4) coping strategies utilized to mitigate WRULDs.MethodsA comprehensive search of the literature was performed using PubMed, CINHAL, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for conducting this systematic review. Studies that reported the 1-year prevalence of WRULDs among PTs, workplace risk factors for WRULDs, consequences of WRULDs, and coping strategies utilized by PTs were included.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria. The 1-year WRULDs prevalence rates varied widely, with thumb disorders having the highest prevalence (7.6-52.5%), followed by wrist and hand disorders (5-66.2%), shoulder disorders (3.2-45.2%), and elbow disorders (4-16%). Reported risk factors included treating a high volume of patients and frequent performance of manual therapy techniques. Consequences included interference with PTs’ personal and professional activities while coping strategies involved alterations to the work environment, techniques used, and workload.ConclusionsWRULDs remain a persistent threat to the PT workforce, likely due to the hands-on, physically intensive nature of professional activities. An essential strategy to reduce WRULDs is to improve clinicians’ awareness of WRULDs, workplace risk factors, and subsequent consequences of WRULDs. Effective coping strategies are critical to preserve, protect, and prolong PTs’ use of the upper limbs.

RISK FACTORS IN THE PROCESS OF EMPLOYMENT OF MEDICAL WORKERS OF THE DENTAL PROFILE

One of the most socially important types of work is the work of medical workers. Due to the presence of a significant number of harmful and dangerous factors, the medical profession is divided into a separate group, which in turn is characterized by unique aspects of work. The work of doctors and nurses of different specialties of the dental profile differs significantly in the density of the working day, the volume and nature of professional activities; responsibility for the life of the patient, which affects many physiological processes.
 The purpose. Assessment and comparative characterization of the presence of occupational risks in the dental field, which are daily exposed to factors of aggressive and dangerous nature, as well as the development of a set of preventive measures aimed at reducing occupational morbidity.
 Materials and methods. Hygienic research of working conditions of medical staff of the University Dental Clinic in the form of a questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data of special assessment of working conditions; sanitary and hygienic characteristics, acts, maps of cases of nosocomial diseases; laboratory and instrumental research conducted as part of production control; dosimetric control, air sampling with subsequent sowing on the nutrient medium of IPA.
 Results. It was found that in the studied premises, the total microbial count varied from 756 ± 0.8 CFU / 1m3 to 6497 ± 3.4 CFU / 1m3. In most medical institutions, the level of artificial lighting in the workplaces of medical workers was insufficient. The largest negative contribution was provided by such production factors as: labor intensity and intensity - 26.41%; physical: noise, vibration, non-ionizing and ionizing radiation - 25.32%; chemical - 12.77%. The total contribution of the main factors was 91.78%. Assessment of working conditions is based on hygienic criteria to assess the degree of deviations of the parameters of the production environment and labor process from the current hygienic standards, as well as after analysis and processing of data submitted by employees in the format of their questionnaires. In this regard, the distribution of harmful production factors and their degree of impact on the health of medical personnel was established with the help of multifactor analysis.
 Conclusions. Thus, the research interprets the results, which clearly in the format of a specific percentage, identify those factors that have a strong driving impact on the health of dental professionals. The most substantiated are such production factors as: chemical (exposure to drugs and chemicals), physical (noise and vibration, non-ionizing and ionizing radiation), the severity and intensity of the labor process, lighting (non-compliance with regulations for artificial lighting in the workplace) and microclimate and biological (work with biological, potentially contaminated material, samples, patients), non-ionizing and ionizing radiation, labor intensity (tension of the visual organs).

Actual Aspects of Surgical Treatment of Dupuytren's Disease (Literature Review)

Relevance. The variety of manifestations of Dupuytren's disease, caused by the degree of lesions of the palmar aponeurosis, the duration of the disease, the nature of professional activity, and concomitant pathology of patients, has led to the development of numerous surgical techniques with different levels of effectiveness in the acute and long-term periods. A wide discussion of the issues of Dupuytren's disease in the domestic and foreign periodicals, the analysis of treatment methods, complications and rehabilitation indicate the urgency of the problem and the expediency of further research.
 Objective: a retrospective analysis of the leading literary sources devoted to the surgical treatment of Dupuytren's disease; the definition of modern approaches to surgical tactics and restoration of hand function.
 Results. The analysis of literature sources showed the advantages of differentiated approaches to the surgical treatment of Dupuytren's disease, depending on the severity of the disease. With mild and moderate lesions, there is a significant increase in needle aponeurectomy. In severe forms, the segmental aponeurectomy technique is preferred over the total one. There is some discrepancy in carrying out surgical mobilization of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the need to achieve a functional position as a result of treatment. The tactics of surgical treatment and rehabilitation of Dupuytren's disease requires an individual approach, taking into account the age and severity of the disease, and tends to spread minimally invasive fasciotomy techniques.

Professional development of education managers in modern reality: psychological resources and risks

The article shows the importance of human capital development in the field of management for the effective solution of the problems of modernization of modern education. This article is aimed at identifying specific resources and risks that are reflected in the process of professional development of the Manager today. For the successful activity of the Manager in the field of education, it is important to update his motivation for growth and competence, complex reflection of clusters of individual risks and resources, focus on continuous self-development. The article studies and describes the content characteristics of managers ’ ideas about psychological factors that can facilitate or block professional and personal growth. The attention is focused on the role of the education Manager in ensuring effective activity, the level of subjective control, which reflects the degree of internality, autonomy and responsibility for management decisions and the nature of professional activity. It is emphasized that the role of subjective control of the Manager increases in the context of risks of modernization of the modern educational system. Levels of acceptance of information on own resources and risks as bases of modeling of further development are revealed.

Phenomenon of a Teacher Within a Historical Context

The study concerns the phenomenon of a “professional teacher”, its social status, personal qualities and competences within the historical context. The authors apply the integration of philosophical, psychological, historical-pedagogical and pedagogical knowledge as such to understand the modern model of a teacher. The historical context as a complex of social conditions of pedagogical insights, concepts and assumptions of an ideal teacher and its professional training formed methodological fundamentals of the study dealing with the image of a teacher of the past, present and future. To define the mission of a teacher within the society and its professional characteristics the study analyzes beliefs, activities and works of educators, scientists, classic teachers and modern representatives of pedagogical science and educational practice. Defining the phenomenon of a “teacher”, the authors consider it through the unique nature of professional activity, personal qualities, compliance to public expectations and demands.

Medical students\u2019 preparedness for professional activities in early clerkships

BackgroundSufficient preparedness is important for transitions to workplace participation and learning in clinical settings. This study aims to analyse medical students’ preparedness for early clerkships using a three-dimensional, socio-cognitive, theory-based model of preparedness anchored in specific professional activities and their supervision level.MethodsMedical students from a competency-based undergraduate curriculum were surveyed about preparedness for 21 professional activities and level of perceived supervision during their early clerkships via an online questionnaire. Preparedness was operationalized by the three dimensions of confidence to carry out clerkship activities, being prepared through university teaching and coping with failure by seeking support. Factors influencing preparedness and perceived stress as outcomes were analysed through step-wise regression.ResultsProfessional activities carried out by the students (n = 147; 19.0%) and their supervision levels varied. While most students reported high confidence to perform the tasks, the activity-specific analysis revealed important gaps in preparation through university teaching. Students regularly searched for support in case of difficulty. One quarter of the variance of each preparedness dimension was explained by self-efficacy, supervision quality, amount of prior clerkship experience and nature of professional activities. Preparedness contributed to predicting perceived stress.ConclusionsThe applied three-dimensional concept of preparedness and the task-specific approach provided a detailed and meaningful view on medical students’ workplace participation and experiences in early clerkships.

Teachers' Professional Development: An Israeli perspective

SUAMMRY This paper considers the nature of the professional development process, addresses the nature of professional activity and goes on to examine different ways in which the process of professional development can be facilitated. The models of teachers' professional development currently in use in Israel are examined critically. The first model is the one concerned with higher academic studies. The second, organisational model is mostly school-based and school-focused, with teachers' professional development being tied to school reforms. The third model is the personal route towards professionalism taken and led by the teacher him/herself in his/her classroom and often supported by the teacher unions. The means of support accessible to those choosing to take the currently available routes to professional development are examined. This review of Israeli teachers' professional development concludes with recommendations.

Character, virtue, and self‐interest in the ethics of the medical profession: Part ii: Toward the restoration of virtue ethics

Is there a sound philosophical foundation in the nature of professional activity for resolving the tension between altruism and self‐interest in favor of virtue and character? I believe there is, and I ground my proposal in six characteristics of the relationship of professionals to those who seek their help. Considered individually, none of these phenomena is unique in kind or degree. They may exist individually in other human relationships and occupations. But as a moral cluster they are, in fact, unique; they generate a kind of “internal morality”—a grounding for the ethics of the professions that is in some way impervious to vacillations in philosophical fashions, as well as social, economic, or political change. This internal morality explains why the ethics of medicine, for example, remained until two decades ago firmly rooted in the ethics of character and virtue, as were the ethics of the Hippocratic and Stoic schools. It is found in the seminal texts of Moslem, Jewish, and Christian medical moralists. It persisted in the eighteenth century in the writings of John Gregory, Thomas Percival, and Samuel Bard, who, although cognizant of the philosophies of Hobbes, Adam Smith, and Hume, nonetheless maintained the traditional dedication of the profession to the welfare of the patient and to a certain set of values. Only in the last two decades has there been—to use Hume's terms—a “sentiment of approbation” regarding self‐interest.

Gender differences in Israeli physicians' career patterns, productivity and family structure

In the three principal Israeli medical practice settings, men and women physicians in internal and family medicine, cardiology, gastroenterology, geriatrics and general practice (no specialization) were compared on a number of career pattern, productivity and family structure variables. The results revealed gender differences in the functioning and status of men and women physicians similar to those found in other countries. Processes of ‘sorting and tracking’ of physicians by gender, level and area of specialization and country of medical studies appeared implicated in the concentration of women in ‘generalist’ specialties and primary care settings and of men in higher status specialties and hospital settings. The nature of professional activities in primary care and hospital settings differed, with research-related activities more common in the hospital setting. This appeared relevant to the higher status achieved by men physicians in the Israeli medical-professional hierarchy. Family roles appeared to affect men and women physicians differently. The findings are compared to those from other countries, and explanations in the Israeli context are proffered.